公开(公告)号：EP0682268A2

公开(公告)日：1995-11-15

申请号：EP95107085.3

申请日：1995-05-10

Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD.

Inventor： Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel ,  Dangendorf, Volker

IPC: G01T3/00 ,  G01N23/05

CPC classification number: G01T3/00 ,  G01N23/05

Abstract: A radiation convertor for use in neutron imaging detectors includes apparatus for conversion of energetic primary charged particles resulting from neutron capture into low energy (eV) secondary electrons. The radiation convertor includes efficient secondary electron emitters, which are preferably alkali halide secondary electron emitters which are preferably CsI secondary electron emitters. The radiation convertor preferably combines at least one layer of Gd and an efficient secondary electron emitter preferably of alkali halide, preferably CsI. The layer of Gd may be at least one metallic layer selected from natural Gd and 157 Gd and this is used in combination with a layer of CsI. The neutron convertor may be alternatively 6Li, LiH or 177 Hf used in combination with an efficient secondary electron emitter, preferably alkali halide emitter, preferably CsI. A neutron imaging detector of the invention may combine a secondary emission composite neutron convertor including efficient secondary electron emitters and an electron multiplier which is sensitive to low energy secondary electrons emitted from the composite neutron convertor. In such a neutron imaging detector combination, the electron multiplier may be a vacuum micro channel plate (MCP) multiplier, a vacuum microsphere plate (MSP), or any other vacuum electron multiplier and imaging device, or a gaseous electron imaging multiplier, preferably a gaseous electron multiplier in which the secondary electron multiplication starts at their emission location from the convertor, preferably a low-pressure multistage electron multiplier.

Abstract translation: 用于中子成像探测器的辐射转换器包括用于将由中子俘获产生的高能一次带电粒子转换为低能量（eV）二次电子的装置。 辐射转换器包括有效的二次电子发射器，其优选为碱金属卤化物二次电子发射器，其优选为CsI二次电子发射器。 辐射转换器优选地结合至少一个Gd层和优选地为碱金属卤化物，优选CsI的有效的二次电子发射体。 Gd层可以是至少一个选自天然Gd和157Gd的金属层，并且这与G层一起使用。 中子转换器可以替代6Li，LiH或177Hf，与有效的二次电子发射体，优选碱金属卤化物发射体，优选CsI组合使用。 本发明的中子成像探测器可组合包括有效二次电子发射体的二次发射复合中子转换器和对从复合中子转换器发射的低能二次电子敏感的电子倍增器。 在这种中子成像检测器组合中，电子倍增器可以是真空微通道板（MCP）倍增器，真空微球板（MSP）或任何其他真空电子倍增器和成像装置，或气态电子成像倍增器，优选地 气体电子倍增器，其中二次电子倍增从其转换器的发射位置开始，优选为低压多级电子倍增器。

公开(公告)号：EP0450571A3

公开(公告)日：1992-02-19

申请号：EP91105189.4

申请日：1991-04-02

Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD.

Inventor： Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel ,  Majewski, Stanislaw

IPC: H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: An X-ray detector including a photocathode arranged to receive X-ray radiation and being operative to provide in response thereto an output of electrons, and at least one electron multiplier operative at subatmospheric pressure and in response to the output of electrons from the photocathode to provide an avalanche including an increased number of electrons.

公开(公告)号：EP0466140A2

公开(公告)日：1992-01-15

申请号：EP91111511.1

申请日：1991-07-10

Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD.

Inventor： Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel ,  Dafni, Ehud

IPC: G21K4/00 ,  H04N1/40 ,  G01T1/161 ,  G01T1/28

CPC classification number: G01T1/28 ,  G01N27/44717 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: Apparatus for digital imaging including at least one electron multiplier (16) arranged to receive beta radiation from a sample (12), apparatus for collimating the beta radiation without totally blocking all radiation from any location within a given region of interest on the sample (12), and readout electrodes operative in response to electrons from the electron multiplier (16) to provide a first output indication of the incidence and location of beta radiation from the sample (12).

Abstract translation: 用于数字成像的设备，包括布置成从样品接收β辐射的至少一个电子倍增器，用于准直β辐射的装置，而不完全阻挡来自样品上的给定感兴趣区域内的任何位置的所有辐射，以及响应于 来自电子倍增器的电子提供来自样品的β辐射的入射和位置的第一输出指示。

公开(公告)号：EP0936660A1

公开(公告)日：1999-08-18

申请号：EP99102314.4

申请日：1999-02-05

Applicant: INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICROELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW ,  YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD. ,  VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL

Inventor： Beyne, Eric ,  Tavernier, Stefaan ,  Van Doninck, Walter ,  Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel

IPC: H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/2935 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01L27/14676

Abstract: The present invention may provide a particle or radiation detector or imager (1) which may be used for accurate recording of medical (2-D) X-ray images. The imager (1) includes at least one detector panel. The detector panel includes a microgap detector with an array of pixel electrodes (18) of a novel form. Each pixel electrode (18) is insulated from a planar cathode (16) by means of an insulating layer (17). Each pixel electrode (18) is connected to an underlying contact by means of a via hole in the insulating layer (17). The insulating layer (17) is preferably conformal with the pixel electrodes (18).
The underlying contact is connected to an electronic measuring element (14) which preferably lies underneath the pixel electrode (18) and is about the same size as, or smaller than the pixel electrode (18). The measuring element (14) may be a storage device such as a capacitor, a digital counter or similar. A read-out circuit (13), e.g. a switching transistor, is connected to the measuring device (14). The switching transistor (13) may be a thin film transistor. Alternatively, both measuring element (14) and transistor (13) may be formed in a single crystal semiconductor, e.g. a VLSI, and a complete imager formed from several detector panels in an array.
The drift electrode (19) of the microgap detector preferably includes a photocathode. The photocathode may be directly evaporated onto a phosphor.

Abstract translation: 本发明可以提供可用于医疗（2-D）X射线图像的精确记录的粒子或辐射检测器或成像器（1）。 成像器（1）包括至少一个检测器面板。 检测器面板包括具有新颖形式的像素电极（18）的阵列的微间隙检测器。 每个像素电极（18）通过绝缘层（17）与平面阴极（16）绝缘。 每个像素电极（18）通过绝缘层（17）中的通孔连接到下面的触点。 绝缘层（17）优选与像素电极（18）共形。 底层触点连接到优选位于像素电极（18）下方并且与像素电极（18）大小相同或更小的电子测量元件（14）。 测量元件（14）可以是诸如电容器，数字计数器等的存储装置。 读出电路（13），例如 开关晶体管连接到测量装置（14）。 开关晶体管（13）可以是薄膜晶体管。 或者，测量元件（14）和晶体管（13）都可以形成在单晶半导体中，例如， VLSI，以及由阵列中的多个检测器面板形成的完整成像器。 微隙检测器的漂移电极（19）优选包括光电阴极。 光电阴极可以直接蒸发到磷光体上。

公开(公告)号：EP0450571A2

公开(公告)日：1991-10-09

申请号：EP91105189.4

申请日：1991-04-02

Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD.

Inventor： Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel ,  Majewski, Stanislaw

IPC: H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: An X-ray detector including a photocathode arranged to receive X-ray radiation and being operative to provide in response thereto an output of electrons, and at least one electron multiplier operative at subatmospheric pressure and in response to the output of electrons from the photocathode to provide an avalanche including an increased number of electrons.

Abstract translation: 一种X射线检测器，包括被布置成接收X射线辐射并且可操作地响应于其输出的电子的光电阴极和至少一个在低于大气压的工作的电子倍增器并且响应于从光电阴极到电子的输出到 提供包括增加数量的电子的雪崩。

公开(公告)号：EP0682268A3

公开(公告)日：1998-03-18

申请号：EP95107085.3

申请日：1995-05-10

Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD.

Inventor： Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel ,  Dangendorf, Volker

IPC: G01T3/00 ,  G01N23/05

CPC classification number: G01T3/00 ,  G01N23/05

Abstract: A radiation convertor for use in neutron imaging detectors includes apparatus for conversion of energetic primary charged particles resulting from neutron capture into low energy (eV) secondary electrons. The radiation convertor includes efficient secondary electron emitters, which are preferably alkali halide secondary electron emitters which are preferably CsI secondary electron emitters. The radiation convertor preferably combines at least one layer of Gd and an efficient secondary electron emitter preferably of alkali halide, preferably CsI. The layer of Gd may be at least one metallic layer selected from natural Gd and 157 Gd and this is used in combination with a layer of CsI. The neutron convertor may be alternatively 6Li, LiH or 177 Hf used in combination with an efficient secondary electron emitter, preferably alkali halide emitter, preferably CsI. A neutron imaging detector of the invention may combine a secondary emission composite neutron convertor including efficient secondary electron emitters and an electron multiplier which is sensitive to low energy secondary electrons emitted from the composite neutron convertor. In such a neutron imaging detector combination, the electron multiplier may be a vacuum micro channel plate (MCP) multiplier, a vacuum microsphere plate (MSP), or any other vacuum electron multiplier and imaging device, or a gaseous electron imaging multiplier, preferably a gaseous electron multiplier in which the secondary electron multiplication starts at their emission location from the convertor, preferably a low-pressure multistage electron multiplier.

公开(公告)号：EP0466140A3

公开(公告)日：1993-03-24

申请号：EP91111511.1

申请日：1991-07-10

Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LTD.

Inventor： Breskin, Amos ,  Chechik, Rachel ,  Dafni, Ehud

IPC: G21K4/00 ,  H04N1/40 ,  G01T1/161 ,  G01T1/28

CPC classification number: G01T1/28 ,  G01N27/44717 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: Apparatus for digital imaging including at least one electron multiplier (16) arranged to receive beta radiation from a sample (12), apparatus for collimating the beta radiation without totally blocking all radiation from any location within a given region of interest on the sample (12), and readout electrodes operative in response to electrons from the electron multiplier (16) to provide a first output indication of the incidence and location of beta radiation from the sample (12).