Abstract:
A tubular reactor for use in polymerisation reactions is described, having a design pressure P R of 40-65 barg, at least a portion of which is oriented vertically and at least part of which vertical portion is surrounded by a concentric jacket for the passage of cooling fluid, wherein the design pressure in barg of the jacket P J is less than 0.0018.P R 2.25 . Another aspect of the invention concerns a tubular reactor for use in polymerisation reactions having a design pressure P R of 40-65 barg, at least a portion of which is oriented vertically and at least part of which vertical portion is surrounded by a concentric jacket for the passage of cooling fluid, wherein the actual thickness of the reactor wall is either no more than 2mm greater and/or no more than 10% greater than the minimum wall thickness required to withstand the design pressure P R as calculated according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for heating, reacting, and/or treating a stream containing oxidizable matter, particularly reactor systems and methods utilizing oxidation reactions at or near supercritical conditions for water. Such systems and methods may be particularly useful to treat organic waste in aqueous-organic waste streams. Recycle reactor (100) is used alone or in conjunction with plug-flow reactor. Density differences in the recycle reactor facilitate flow within the recycle reactor without subtantial external heat exchange.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for safely producing hydrogen peroxide by injecting dispersed minute bubbles of hydrogen (28) and oxygen (34) into a rapidly flowing liquid medium (24). The minute bubbles are surrounded by the liquid medium of sufficient volume for preventing an explosive reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen. The liquid medium is formed of an acidic aqueous solution and a Group VIII metal catalyst (14). Hydrogen (28) is sparged into the flowing medium (24) for dissolution of the hydrogen in the medium. Oxygen bubbles (34) are reacted with the dissolved hydrogen for producing hydrogen peroxide (72). Preferably, the liquid medium has a velocity of at least 10 feet per second for providing a bubbly flow regime in the reactor. Water (12) and catalyst (14) are added to tank (16). Preferably, an amount of hydrogen peroxide stabilizer is added to tank (16). The method and apparatus provide for the safe production of hydrogen peroxide with low manufacturing costs.
Abstract:
An autoclave system comprises an autoclave vessel 210, for performing a leaching operation on sacrificial ceramic cores (not shown) and a storage vessel 220 for containing caustic leaching fluid 230. Interposed in a fluid flow path between the vessel 210 and the tank 220 is a heat exchange unit 240, comprising a body 250 containing a thermal exchange medium, in the form of water 260, and first and second thermal exchange conduits represented at 270 and 280. A thermal exchange medium inlet pipe 290a and a thermal exchange medium outlet pipe 290b are provided to the body so that the medium 260 can be replenished, preferably substantially continuously, to optimize thermal transfer efficiency.