Abstract:
A clock recovery network comprises a synchronised voltage controlled oscillator 10 which receives the input data stream and provides at its output a clock signal synchronised with the input data stream. The tuned centre frequency of the oscillator is controlled by a coarse tuning signal in the form of a voltage proportional to the incoming symbol rate, supplied through an integrator 14 by a frequency-to-voltage converter 12 receiving the input data stream as its input. The coarse tuning signal determines the appropriate frequency range at which the oscillator 10 should operate and the oscillator is then positively synchronised to the frequency f, of the incoming data stream.
Abstract:
A notch filter (3) is provided with an ancillary circuit (12) including a non-inverting amplifier (14) and a coupling (13) which enables the filter to form part of a oscillatory loop of which the frequency of oscillation corresponds to the frequency of maximum rejection by the notch filter. Measurement of that frequency facilitates the tuning of the notch filter, which includes capacitors constituted by varactor diodes (6, 6a). The gain of the ancillary circuit may be adjusted to change its mode of operation from oscillation to that of a tuned amplifier so that a sweep of the centre frequency of the notch filter through a range of interest facilitates a search for an unknown interfering frequency and the simultaneous tuning of the notch filter to reject that interference.
Abstract:
An oscillator which is easily fabricated in an integrated circuit and stably operates and the oscillatory frequency of which can be adjusted within a wide range. The oscillator is constituted of two phase shifting circuits (10C and 30C) which perform prescribed phase shifting by combining signals of the same phase and opposite phase generated at the source and drain of a FET through capacitors or resistors, a noninverting circuit (50) which amplifies the output signal of the phase shifting circuit (30C) of the second stage without changing its phase, and a feedback resistor (70) which feeds back the signal outputted from the circuit (50) to the input of the phase shifting circuit (10) of the first stage.
Abstract:
An oscillator which is easily formed into an integrated circuit and stably operated and the oscillation frequency of which can be adjusted within a wide range. The oscillator has two phase shifting circuits (10C and 30C) and a feedback resistor (70). The phase shifting circuits (10C and 30C) each have an operational amplifier which receives signals through a resistor at an inverting input terminal, a series circuit comprising a capacitor across both ends of which the voltage of the input signal is applied and a variable resistor, and a resistor for feeding back the output of the operational amplifier to the inverting input terminals. The output of the phase shifting circuit (10C) is connected to the input of the phase shifting circuit (30C). The feedback resistor (70) feeds back the signal outputted from the phase shifting circuit (30C) to the input side of the phase shifting circuit (10C).
Abstract:
An oscillator the oscillation of which can be adjusted over a wide range and which can stably operate and can be easily formed in an integrated circuit, comprises two phase shifting circuits (10C and 30C) each having a first serial circuit which divides the voltage of an inputted AC signal into about halves and which comprises two resistors, a second serial circuit which shifts the phase of the inputted AC signal by prescribed angle and which comprises a capacitor and a variable resistor, and a differential amplifier which performs prescribed amplification of the difference between the outputs of the first and second serial circuits, a noninverting circuit (50) connected to the input of the phase shifting circuit (10C), and a feedback resistor (70) which feeds back the signal outputted from the phase shifting circuit (30C) to the input of the noninverting circuit (50).
Abstract:
A gyrator based resonator comprises first and second differential amplifiers cross coupled to form a quadrature phase voltage controlled oscillator. The differential amplifier circuits include matched transistor pairs and associated transconductance adjusting components to control the resonant frequency of the resonator. Transconductance delay and admittance loss elements are also provided and these elements serve to control the loop gain of the resonator. A loop gain greater than unity results in the resonator oscillating while a loop gain less than unity produces a bandpass filter. A resonator having gain less than unity may be slaved to a similar resonator having gain adjusted to be greater than unity thus creating a low noise oscillator and tracking filter.
Abstract:
A resonant circuit comprises first (600) and second (600') amplifiers. An input of the second amplifier is coupled to an output of the first amplifier, and an output of the second amplifier is cross-coupled to an input of the first amplifier. The first amplifier has a first gain and a 90 degree phase shift between its input and its output at a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit. The second amplifier has a second gain and a 90 degree phase shift between its input and its output at the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit. The second gain is different from the first gain. The resonant circuit can have a first port (Ap, An) and second ports (Bp, Bn) coupled to an input and an output respectively of one of the first and second amplifiers. Because the gains of the first and second amplifiers differ, the gain from the first port to the second port of the resonant circuit will differ from the gain from the second port to the first port. This gain difference is useful for enhancing the quality factor Q of multiple resonator circuits constructed from such resonant circuits.