公开(公告)号：US5389113A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-14

申请号：US78197

申请日：1993-08-17

Applicant: Guenther Demmering ,  Karl Schmid ,  Frank Bongardt ,  Leonhard Wittich

Inventor： Guenther Demmering ,  Karl Schmid ,  Frank Bongardt ,  Leonhard Wittich

IPC: C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L1/192 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L10/14 ,  C10L10/16 ,  F02B3/06

CPC classification number: C10L1/026 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02E50/13

Abstract: Mixtures containinga) 58 to 95% by weight of at least one ester with an iodine value of 50 to 150 derived from fatty acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and lower aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms,b) 4 to 40% by weight of at least one ester of fatty acids containing 6 to 14 carbon atoms and lower aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms andc) 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one polymeric ester, are distinguished by particular low-temperature stability and can be used as a fuel for diesel engines.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP91 / 02312 Sec。 371日期：1993年8月17日 102（e）日期1993年8月17日PCT 1991年12月4日PCT PCT。 公开号WO92 / 11345 日期：1992年7月9日。含有a）58至95重量％的至少一种碘值为50至150的酯，衍生自含有12至22个碳原子的脂肪酸和含有1至4个碳原子的低级脂族醇 ，b）4至40重量％的至少一种含6至14个碳原子的脂肪酸酯和含有1至4个碳原子的低级脂族醇和c）0.1至2重量％的至少一种聚合酯，分别为 区别于特定的低温稳定性，可用作柴油发动机的燃料。

公开(公告)号：US5387730A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-07

申请号：US179051

申请日：1994-01-07

Applicant: Thomas S. Coolbaugh ,  Frederick C. Loveless ,  Demetreos N. Matthews ,  Leslie R. Rudnick

Inventor： Thomas S. Coolbaugh ,  Frederick C. Loveless ,  Demetreos N. Matthews ,  Leslie R. Rudnick

IPC: C07C15/40 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/04 ,  C08F8/08 ,  C08F236/04 ,  C08F297/02 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/195 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/198 ,  C10L1/20 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10L1/238 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L10/00 ,  C10M143/12 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M149/10 ,  C07C2/40 ,  C08F297/04

CPC classification number: C08F297/02 ,  C07C15/40 ,  C08F236/04 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/04 ,  C08F8/08 ,  C10L1/1658 ,  C10L1/195 ,  C10L1/1955 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/198 ,  C10L1/207 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10L1/238 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2475 ,  C10L10/00 ,  C10M143/12 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M149/10 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2383 ,  C10L1/2387 ,  C10M2205/04 ,  C10M2205/06 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06

Abstract: There is disclosed a linear block copolymer comprising at least one triblock I-B-I, wherein I is a block of at least one polymerized conjugated diene of at least five (5) carbon atoms, such as isoprene, and B is a block of a polymer of at least one conjugated diene, different from that used to polymerize the block I, of at least four (4) carbon atoms, such as butadiene. The B block is selectively hydrogenated, while each of the I blocks is unhydrogenated and therefore retains a sufficient amount of its original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. There is also disclosed an alternative linear block copolymer containing at least one triblock of the first polymer block made from a minor proportion of at least one aryl-substituted olefin, such as styrene, and a major proportion of at least one conjugated diene used to polymerize the block I, the second middle polymer block of at least one diene used to polymerize the block B, and the third polymer block which is the same as the first polymer block. In this alternative copolymer, the middle block is also selectively hydrogenated, thereby leaving the terminal polymer blocks with a sufficient amount of their original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. The polymers can be crosslinked or functionalized through the terminal blocks containing the vinyl unsaturation. There are also disclosed random linear and star-branched block and random copolymers made from the same monomers as the linear block copolymers.Also disclosed are methods of producing the polymers and selectively hydrogenating the aforementioned polymerized dienes.

Abstract translation: 公开了包含至少一个三嵌段IBI的线性嵌段共聚物，其中I是至少一种具有至少五（5）个碳原子的聚合的共轭二烯的嵌段，例如异戊二烯，B是在 至少一种不同于用于聚合嵌段I的至少四（4）个碳原子的共轭二烯，例如丁二烯。 B嵌段被选择性氢化，而每个I嵌段是未氢化的，因此保留足够量的其原始不饱和度以硫化共聚物。 还公开了另一种线性嵌段共聚物，该线性嵌段共聚物含有至少一个由少部分至少一种芳基取代的烯烃如苯乙烯制成的第一聚合物嵌段的三嵌段，以及用于聚合的至少一种共轭二烯的主要比例 嵌段I，用于聚合嵌段B的至少一种二烯的第二中间聚合物嵌段和与第一聚合物嵌段相同的第三聚合物嵌段。 在该替代共聚物中，中间嵌段也被选择性氢化，从而使末端聚合​​物嵌段具有足够量的其初始不饱和度以硫化共聚物。 聚合物可以通过含有乙烯基不饱和键的末端嵌段交联或官能化。 还公开了由与线性嵌段共聚物相同的单体制备的随机线性和星形支链嵌段和无规共聚物。 还公开了制备聚合物和选择性氢化上述聚合二烯的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5356551A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-18

申请号：US878084

申请日：1991-12-20

Applicant: David Y. Chung ,  John E. Johnston

Inventor： David Y. Chung ,  John E. Johnston

IPC: C10M159/12 ,  C08F255/00 ,  C08F255/04 ,  C09K3/00 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M145/10 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10N30/02 ,  C10M105/22 ,  C10M133/52

CPC classification number: C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M145/10 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/022 ,  C10M2207/283 ,  C10M2207/289 ,  C10M2209/08 ,  C10M2209/082 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/086 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2215/08 ,  C10M2215/082 ,  C10M2215/086 ,  C10M2215/22 ,  C10M2215/221 ,  C10M2215/225 ,  C10M2215/226 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2215/28 ,  C10M2215/30 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10N2240/04 ,  C10N2240/042 ,  C10N2240/044 ,  C10N2240/046 ,  C10N2240/06 ,  C10N2240/08 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  C10N2240/101 ,  C10N2240/102 ,  C10N2240/103 ,  C10N2240/104 ,  C10N2240/106 ,  C10N2270/02

Abstract: Oleaginous compositions, particularly lubricating oil compositions, exhibiting improved low temperature viscometric properties containing a viscosity index improving amount of a V.I.-dispersant comprised of the reaction products of:(a) an oil soluble ethylene copolymer comprising from about 15 to 90 wt. % ethylene and from about 10 to 85 wt. % of at least one C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefin, having a number average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to 500,000, grafted with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid material having 1 or 2 acid or anhydride moieties;(b) an organic polyamine having at least two primary amino groups or a polyol; and(c) an amount effective to provide a V.I. improver-dispersant exhibiting improved low temperature viscometric properties of high functionality long chain hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid material having a functionality of at least 1.2.

Abstract translation: 油性组合物，特别是润滑油组合物，其表现出改进的低温粘度特性，其含有由以下反应产物组成的V.I.-分散剂的粘度指数改善量：（a）油溶性乙烯共聚物，其包含约15至90wt。 ％乙烯和约10至85wt。 ％的至少一种C 3至C 28α-烯烃，其数均分子量为约5,000至500,000，用具有1或2个酸或酸酐部分的烯属不饱和羧酸材料接枝; （b）具有至少两个伯氨基或多元醇的有机多胺; 和（c）有效提供V.I. 显示具有至少1.2的官能度的高官能度长链烃基取代二羧酸材料的改进的低温粘度特性的改进剂分散剂。

公开(公告)号：US5275747A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-04

申请号：US473628

申请日：1990-02-01

Applicant: Antonio Gutierrez ,  Robert D. Lundberg ,  Won R. Song

Inventor： Antonio Gutierrez ,  Robert D. Lundberg ,  Won R. Song

IPC: B01F17/52 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/10 ,  C08F8/46 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/238 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10M129/92 ,  C10M129/93 ,  C10M129/95 ,  C10M133/52 ,  C10M133/56 ,  C10M159/12 ,  C10N20/04 ,  C10N30/02 ,  C10N30/04 ,  C10N40/25 ,  C10M143/02

CPC classification number: C10M159/12 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/1817 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L1/221 ,  C10L1/238 ,  C10L1/2493 ,  C10M129/92 ,  C10M133/52 ,  C10M2207/123 ,  C10M2207/129 ,  C10M2207/22 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2215/086 ,  C10M2215/22 ,  C10M2215/221 ,  C10M2215/225 ,  C10M2215/226 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2215/28 ,  C10M2215/30 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10N2240/00 ,  C10N2240/02 ,  C10N2240/06 ,  C10N2240/08 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  C10N2240/101 ,  C10N2240/102 ,  C10N2240/103 ,  C10N2240/104 ,  C10N2240/106 ,  C10N2240/22 ,  C10N2240/30 ,  C10N2240/50 ,  C10N2240/52 ,  C10N2240/54 ,  C10N2240/56 ,  C10N2240/58 ,  C10N2240/60 ,  C10N2240/66 ,  C10N2270/02

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble oleaginous composition additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of from above 20,000 to about 500,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to oleaginous compositions such as lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful oleaginous composition additives, e.g., as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种油溶性含油组合物添加剂，其包含至少一种末端不饱和的乙烯α-烯烃聚合物，其由均一或二羧酸产生部分（优选二羧酸或酸酐）取代的数均分子量为20,000至500,000 部分），其中末端不饱和基团包含末端亚乙烯基不饱和基团。 本发明的单羧酸或二羧酸或酐取代的聚合物本身可用作含油组合物如润滑油的添加剂，也可与亲核试剂如胺，醇，氨基醇和反应性金属化合物反应， 形成也是有用的含油组合物添加剂的产品，例如作为多功能粘度指数改进剂。

公开(公告)号：US5266223A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-30

申请号：US984727

申请日：1992-12-04

Applicant: Won R. Song ,  Albert Rossi ,  Howard W. Turner ,  Howard C. Welborn ,  Robert D. Lundberg ,  Antonio Gutierrez ,  Robert A. Kleist

Inventor： Won R. Song ,  Albert Rossi ,  Howard W. Turner ,  Howard C. Welborn ,  Robert D. Lundberg ,  Antonio Gutierrez ,  Robert A. Kleist

IPC: C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/46 ,  C08F210/16 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/198 ,  C10L1/20 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/238 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10L1/30 ,  C10L10/00 ,  C10M129/93 ,  C10M129/95 ,  C10M133/52 ,  C10M133/56 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M159/12 ,  C10M171/00

CPC classification number: C10M171/00 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/46 ,  C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L1/198 ,  C10L1/238 ,  C10L1/2475 ,  C10L1/303 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10M129/93 ,  C10M129/95 ,  C10M133/52 ,  C10M133/56 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M159/12 ,  C08F210/16 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1817 ,  C10L1/1832 ,  C10L1/201 ,  C10L1/221 ,  C10L1/2493 ,  C10L1/2641 ,  C10L1/2691 ,  C10L1/306 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2207/123 ,  C10M2207/129 ,  C10M2207/22 ,  C10M2207/281 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/283 ,  C10M2207/286 ,  C10M2207/288 ,  C10M2207/289 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2215/08 ,  C10M2215/082 ,  C10M2215/086 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2215/28 ,  C10M2217/042 ,  C10M2217/043 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2220/02 ,  C10N2240/00 ,  C10N2240/02 ,  C10N2240/08 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  C10N2240/101 ,  C10N2240/102 ,  C10N2240/103 ,  C10N2240/104 ,  C10N2240/106 ,  C10N2240/22 ,  C10N2240/30 ,  C10N2240/50 ,  C10N2240/52 ,  C10N2240/54 ,  C10N2240/56 ,  C10N2240/58 ,  C10N2240/60 ,  C10N2240/66 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  Y10S526/943

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives, e.g., as dispersants.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种油溶性燃料和润滑油添加剂，其包含至少一种具有300至20,000数均分子量的末端不饱和乙烯α-烯烃聚合物，其数均分子量被单或二羧酸生成部分（优选二羧酸或酸酐部分 ），其中末端不饱和键包含末端亚乙烯基不饱和键。 本发明的单羧酸或二羧酸或酐取代的聚合物本身可用作润滑油的添加剂，并且还可以与亲核试剂如胺，醇，氨基醇和反应性金属化合物反应，形成产物， 也是有用的燃料和润滑油添加剂，例如分散剂。

公开(公告)号：US5214224A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-25

申请号：US910230

申请日：1992-07-09

Applicant: David G. Comer ,  W. Kirk Stephenson

Inventor： David G. Comer ,  W. Kirk Stephenson

IPC: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/192 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L10/00

CPC classification number: C10L1/192 ,  C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1855 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1981

Abstract: Dispersing asphaltenes in liquid hydrocarbons, particularly formed during the refining of crude petroleum, is disclosed. The dispersant comprises a free radically polymerized copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin of from about 10 to about 36 carbon atoms and maleic anhydride wherein the anhydride moieties along the copolymer backbone are substantially unhydrolyzed or otherwise not derivatized. The copolymer has a ratio of .alpha.-olefin to maleic anhydride of from about 1:1 to about 1:5 and a molecular weight of from 5000 to about 100,000. Alternatively the dispersant comprises a mixture of the .alpha.-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer and an alkyl substituted phenol/formaldehyde liquid polymer, such as nonyl phenol/formaldehyde polymer, or a lipophilic/hydrophilic vinylic polymer, such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate/lauryl acrylate copolymer. Also disclosed is a liquid hydrocarbon dispersion containing asphaltenes and 1-100 ppm of the .alpha.-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer.

Abstract translation: 公开了在石油精炼期间特别形成的液体烃中沥青质分散体。 分散剂包含约10至约36个碳原子的α-烯烃和马来酸酐的自由基聚合共聚物，其中沿着共聚物主链的酸酐部分基本上未水解或以其它方式不衍生。 共聚物的α-烯烃与马来酸酐的比例为约1:1至约1:5，分子量为5000至约100,000。 或者，分散剂包括α-烯烃/马来酸酐共聚物和烷基取代的酚/甲醛液体聚合物如壬基苯酚/甲醛聚合物或亲脂性/亲水性乙烯基聚合物如甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯/丙烯酸月桂酯共聚物的混合物。 还公开了含有沥青质和1-100ppm的α-烯烃/马来酸酐共聚物的液体烃分散体。

公开(公告)号：US5209862A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-11

申请号：US650376

申请日：1991-01-30

Applicant: Vivek K. Soni ,  Dale L. Handlin, Jr. ,  Carl L. Willis

Inventor： Vivek K. Soni ,  Dale L. Handlin, Jr. ,  Carl L. Willis

IPC: C08L53/02 ,  C08F8/04 ,  C08L53/00 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10M143/12 ,  C10M169/04 ,  C10N10/02 ,  C10N20/02 ,  C10N30/06 ,  C10N40/04 ,  C10N40/25

CPC classification number: C10M143/12 ,  C08F8/04 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10M2205/04 ,  C10M2205/06 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10N2240/08

Abstract: An improved viscosity index improver and an oil composition containing such a viscosity index improver are disclosed. The viscosity index improver is a carboxyl functionalized block copolymer which comprises of at least one monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer block and at least one conjugated diolefin polymer block. The oil can be selected from the group consisting of crude oils, mineral and synthetic lubricating oils, fuel oils, diesel oils, hydraulic oils, automatic transmission oils, and mixtures thereof.

公开(公告)号：US5179182A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-12

申请号：US532105

申请日：1990-05-30

Applicant: Ramah J. Brod ,  Robert L. Elliott ,  Jean P. P. Coquerel

Inventor： Ramah J. Brod ,  Robert L. Elliott ,  Jean P. P. Coquerel

IPC: C08F2/06 ,  C08F20/12 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/197 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M145/16

CPC classification number: C10M145/16 ,  C08F2/06 ,  C08F20/12 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1973 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M2207/028 ,  C10M2209/062 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/086 ,  C10M2219/046 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10N2210/02

Abstract: The reaction cycle time for the copolymerization of unsaturated esters such as alkyl fumarates and vinyl acetate, and for the polymerization of methacrylates and acrylates may be dramatically reduced by carrying out the polymerization at elevated temperatures and pressures. An additional feature is the addition of initiator during polymerization which leads to improved products especially for lubricating oil pour depressants and fuel and crude oil flow improvers.

Abstract translation: 通过在升高的温度和压力下进行聚合，可以显着降低不饱和酯如富马酸烷基酯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚反应循环时间和甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯的聚合反应时间。 另外的特征是在聚合期间加入引发剂，这导致改进的产品，特别是对于润滑油倾倒抑制剂和燃料和原油流动改进剂。

公开(公告)号：US5045088A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-03

申请号：US399698

申请日：1989-08-25

Applicant: Iain More ,  Ian W. Harper ,  Wayne M. Camarco

Inventor： Iain More ,  Ian W. Harper ,  Wayne M. Camarco

IPC: C08F20/12 ,  C08F20/20 ,  C08F22/10 ,  C08F220/10 ,  C08F220/12 ,  C08F220/26 ,  C08L33/04 ,  C08L35/00 ,  C08L35/06 ,  C08L35/08 ,  C09K3/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L1/192 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L10/14

CPC classification number: C10L1/192 ,  C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L1/191 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L1/224

Abstract: The use as an additive to improve the low temperature properties of distillate fuels having a cloud point (wax appearance temperature) above 0.degree. C. and containing more than 5 wt. % wax at 10.degree. C. below the cloud point (wax appearance temperature) of a mixture of a comb polymer together with a poly-alkyl ester, ether, ester/ether of a polyhydroxy compound.

公开(公告)号：US4882034A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-21

申请号：US166874

申请日：1988-03-11

Applicant: Robert D. Tack ,  Kenneth Lewtas

Inventor： Robert D. Tack ,  Kenneth Lewtas

IPC: C10L1/224 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/192 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/197 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/234 ,  C10L1/236

CPC classification number: C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/1973 ,  C10L1/224

Abstract: As a flow improver in a crude oil or a liquid hydrocarbon fuel are used polymers containing more than one amide group, the amide being an amide of a secondary amine, and either the amide group or an ester group of the polymer containing a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, provided that if the polymer is derived from the polymerization of an aliphatic olefin and maleic anhydride, the polymer must have both an amide group and an ester group each of which contains a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, for example, a diamide of a copolymer of an alkyl fumarate, vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride.