Abstract:
An optical disk is constructed such that a thin film including a reflective layer is formed on a substrate, or on a thermoplastic resin layer on the substrate. A stamper having an asperity pattern corresponding to information signals is directly pressed against the thin film to transfer the asperity pattern on the thin film. Heat-pressing the stamper against the thin film makes it possible to further accurately transfer the asperity of the stamper to the reflective layer with less pressing force, in the case where the reflective layer is formed on the thermoplastic resin layer.
Abstract:
A liquid-crystal panel comprises a pair of transparent glass substrates each being provided with an electrode. Between the glass substrates are disposed spacers for defining a space and a mixture of droplets of a liquid crystal having a mean diameter of 3.0 &mgr;m or less and of a photo-curing polymer. The edge portions of the glass substrates are sealed with a seal polymer. In curing the photo-curing polymer during the process of manufacturing the liquid-crystal panel, the dose of an ultraviolet ray is set to 500 mJ/cm2 or more so as to reduce the diameters of the droplets of the liquid crystal, thereby preventing light leakage in the state without a voltage applied and improving the contrast. If the spacers are colored, the effect of preventing light leakage is increased. If the spacers are subjected to a surface treatment for rejecting the liquid crystal or composed of a polymer material of the same type as that of the photo-curing polymer, variations in diameter of the droplets of the liquid crystal can be prevented. With the structure, it becomes possible to provide a liquid-crystal panel in which light leakage in the black mode is reduced and which presents uniform and high-contrast display of images.
Abstract:
A mixed material of liquid crystals and resin is dropped on at least one substrate in an amount greater than the amount needed to cover a display area for the LCD panel. The substrate is adhered to another substrate, and excess material is removed to the outside of a display area. The phase-separation of the liquid crystals and resin is carried out by irradiating light while pressure is added to at least one substrate, so that a liquid crystal display panel applied to a liquid crystal display device or a light shutter can be manufactured without applying a complex vacuum device.
Abstract:
A molding apparatus produces high-density thin type optical disk substrates having good replicability and birefringence sufficient for practical use. In filling the resin into the cavity, the stress on the resin is reduced by controlling the relation of the cavity width and the injection compression force to reduce birefringence. Further, the mirror surface of the mold is maintained at a certain temperature to facilitate the resin flow and a good replicability and reduction of birefringence is achieved by terminating the resin filling and starting the compression process at the time at which the pressure of the resin filling is at a minimum.
Abstract:
The inside of the housing is divided into a low pressure fuel area formed from a fuel inflow port through a feed pump 4 and a high pressure fuel area that can communicate with inflow/outflow ports for fuel. For instance, the low pressure fuel area may be formed as a path extending from the fuel intake port that communicates with the circumferential area of the front end of the rotor to the feed pump via the circumferential area of the rotor support member and a passage for inducing fuel from the high pressure fuel area to the circumferential area of the front end of the rotor may be formed between the rotor and its support member. The flow of fuel in the area where the rotor slides in contact with its support member is ensured, and oil film loss is prevented. With this, cooling and good lubrication in the rotor sliding contact area, where heat is likely to be generated, are promoted, to prevent seizure in the sliding contact area. Also, ports that open into the area where the rotor slides in contact with its support member and that communicates with the compression space may be provided in the rotor so that compressed fuel is supplied directly to the sliding contact area.
Abstract:
A silicon-containing copolymer is disclosed which has a number average molecular weight of 500-100,000 and which contains the following structural units (I)-(III): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each represent an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkylamino group or an alkylsilyl group and and R.sup.3 and R.sup.8 each represent a divalent aromatic group. The copolymer is produced by reacting an organodihalosilane, a disilyl compound, a diamine and ammonia with each other.
Abstract:
A reduction gear for producing and feeding the rotation of a low pressure turbine driven by a combustion gas generated in a combustor to an output shaft is received in a central opening of a rotary type heat exchanger which is disposed so as to be perpendicular to a turbine shaft at a rear portion of a body housing of a gas turbine engine. As a result, not only the engine can be made small but also the output can be produced at to the opposite side of the heat exchanger. The combustor and a collector housing for collecting combustion gas are disposed on diametrical opposite sides in a transverse cross section of the body housing whereby an internal space of the body housing is effectively utilized and an axial dimension of the engine is shortened. Since the compressed air is supplied to the heat exchanger through peripheral walls of the body housing having a double construction, prevention of heat radiation from the body housing and effective utilization of an internal space of the body housing are realized.
Abstract:
In a cooling system for a multi-cylinder engine, a main gallery is provided around outer peripheral portions of the plurality of cylinder bores upstream a block-side coolant jacket to commonly surround the cylinder bores, and an upstream coolant gallery is provided between the block-side coolant jacket and the main coolant gallery to separately surround each of outer peripheries of the cylinder bores. The upstream coolant gallery and the main coolant gallery is in communication with each other through a constriction communication passage provided around the outer periphery of each of the cylinder bores, and the upstream coolant gallery is further in communication with an upstream end of the block-side coolant jacket. The cooling system further includes a block-side and flange-surrounding coolant gallery provided in the cylinder block to surround an outer periphery of the outward flange of a cylinder liner, and a plurality of dispensing passages permitting the communication between said block-side coolant jacket and said flange-surrounding coolant gallery. Further, a jacket sidewall is disposed in the cylinder head inside at least one of opposite outside walls in an axial direction of a crank shaft to define a head-side coolant jacket.
Abstract:
An intake system of an internal combustion engine includes first and second intake valve openings provided in the engine body and exposed to a combustion chamber, first and second intake valves in the engine body for opening and closing the valve openings, respectively, and a valve operating system connected to the intake valves for changing the modes of operation of the valves in compliance with the operation of the engine, wherein the engine body is provided with a swirl producing intake port leading to the first intake valve opening and a substantially linear main intake port leading to the second intake valve opening, and wherein the valve operating system is capable of changing over between a state meeting a low speed operation of the engine in which the first intake valve is operated in a mode corresponding to the low speed operation and the second intake valve is in a resting or substantially resting condition, and a state meeting at least a part of operational ranges of the engine other than the low speed operation in which the valves are operated in a mode corresponding to a high speed operation of the engine.
Abstract:
A turbocharger comprises a compressor housing, a turbine housing, and a central housing with a shaft rotatably supported therein. The shaft supports on its respective opposite ends a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel that are rotatably disposed in the compressor housing and the turbine housing, respectively. The central housing has a large water jacket near the turbine housing and substantially coextensive therewith for storing cooling water to cool bearings which support the shaft. The turbine housing accommodates a shroud including a vane holder on which fixed and movable vanes are alternately supported for directing exhaust gases to the turbine wheel through variable restrictions. The vane holder or base plate has a radially outer flange and an annular boss which position the shroud axially and radially with respect to the central housing.