公开(公告)号：US06891925B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-10

申请号：US10373651

申请日：2003-02-24

Applicant: Yizhak Yacoby

Inventor： Yizhak Yacoby

IPC: G01N23/207 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01N23/207

Abstract: The invention presents an x-ray method for determining the three-dimensional molecular structure of molecules having an unknown structure. The molecules having unknown structure are arranged in a two-dimensional periodic array on a substrate molecular crystal having a known structure. It is a requirement of the method that the dimensions of the molecules with the unknown structure are smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the substrate crystal unit cell.

Abstract translation: 本发明提出了一种用于确定具有未知结构的分子的三维分子结构的X射线方法。 具有未知结构的分子以具有已知结构的基底分子晶体上的二维周期性阵列排列。 该方法的要求是具有未知结构的分子的尺寸小于衬底晶体单元的相应尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US20050094767A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-05

申请号：US10726694

申请日：2003-12-04

Applicant: Tom Francke ,  Christer Ullberg

Inventor： Tom Francke ,  Christer Ullberg

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/02 ,  G01T1/29 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01T1/2935 ,  A61B6/483 ,  A61B6/502

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining coherent scatter imaging data of an object (5) comprises a stack of line detectors (6a1-6an−1, 6an+1-6aN), each being directed towards a small portion of the trajectory (2b) of a radiation beam (2a) passed through the object (5) to allow a ray bundle (b1-bn−1, bn+1-bN) of the radiation beam (2a) as coherently scattered in the object to enter the line detector and be detected therein. Each of the line detectors has an elongated opening (30) for entry of the respective scattered ray bundle; a row of detector elements (27) arranged parallel with the opening; and is of the kind wherein charges or photons generated by interactions between the respective scattered ray bundle and a detection medium and traveling in a direction perpendicular to the respective scattered ray bundle, are detected by the detector elements. The line detectors and their respective detector elements are oriented to allow simultaneous recording of scatter data sufficient to form multiple one-dimensional images, each being composed of radiation as scattered in the object in a respective angle.

Abstract translation: 一种用于获得对象（5）的相干散射成像数据的装置，包括一组线检测器（6a，6a，n-1，...， 每个都指向穿过物体（5）的辐射束（2a）的轨迹（2b）的一小部分，以至 允许射线束（b 1→N 1→N 1→N 1→N 1→N N 1） 所述辐射束（2a）相干散射在物体中以进入线检测器并在其中检测。 每个线检测器具有用于进入各散射射线束的细长开口（30） 与开口平行设置的一排检测器元件（27）; 并且是通过检测器元件检测其中通过相应的散射射线束和检测介质之间的相互作用产生的并且在垂直于相应的散射射线束的方向上行进的电荷或光子的那种。 线检测器及其各自的检测器元件被定向为允许同时记录足以形成多个一维图像的散射数据，每个图像由散射在物体中的相应角度的辐射组成。

公开(公告)号：US06878509B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-12

申请号：US10806969

申请日：2004-03-23

Applicant: Tomohide Takami

Inventor： Tomohide Takami

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G02B5/00 ,  G02B5/20 ,  G02B27/00 ,  G21K1/10 ,  H01J37/22 ,  H01J37/244 ,  H01J37/295 ,  G03C7/33

CPC classification number: G02B5/1809 ,  G02B27/0018 ,  G21K1/10

Abstract: An image analysis device 1 is equipped with the photoreceptive means 11 that optically acquires diffraction pattern A that appears on the fluorescent screen 24 in order to obtain the diffraction pattern resulting from reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and the halation-prevention filter 12 provided so as to transmit the visible light emitted from the diffraction pattern A of the fluorescent screen 24, along the light path connecting the photoreceptive means 11 and the fluorescent screen 24. Also, the filter 12 is varied so that the transmittance of the visible light transmitted through the filter 12 is minimum at the filter center and increases with the distance from the center.

Abstract translation: 图像分析装置1配备有感光装置11，其光学地获取出现在荧光屏24上的衍射图案A，以获得由反射高能电子衍射产生的衍射图案，并且防止滤光器12设置为 从连接光接收装置11和荧光屏24的光路透射从荧光屏24的衍射图案A发射的可见光。另外，滤光器12变化，使透过的可见光的透过率 过滤器12在过滤器中心处最小，并且随着距离中心的距离而增加。

公开(公告)号：US6125165A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-26

申请号：US219204

申请日：1998-12-22

Applicant: William K. Warburton ,  Edward Oltman

Inventor： William K. Warburton ,  Edward Oltman

IPC: G21K1/10 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G21K1/10

Abstract: A method for attenuating x-rays which is insensitive to the x-ray energy employs forward scattering through a filter element to minimize energy shifts due to Compton scattering. Efficiency can be enhanced by employing a material with a large small angle scattering cross section. Since attenuation in the filter increases rapidly with decreasing x-ray energy, the filter provides larger, thinner scattering areas for low energy x-rays and smaller, thicker scattering areas for higher energy x-rays. By adjusting the relative fractions of the scattering areas and their thicknesses, the total scattering yield through the filter can be made to be essentially independent of x-ray energy over a broad band of x-ray energies.

Abstract translation: 用于衰减对x射线能量不敏感的X射线的方法通过滤光元件进行前向散射，以使由康普顿散射引起的能量偏移最小化。 通过采用具有大的小角度散射截面的材料可以提高效率。 由于滤波器中的衰减随着x射线能量的减小而迅速增加，因此滤波器为较低能量的X射线提供了更大，更薄的散射区域，而对于较高能量的X射线则为较小的较厚的散射区域提供了更大的散射面积 通过调整散射面积的相对分数及其厚度，可以使通过滤光片的总散射产量基本上与X射线能量宽带上的x射线能量无关。

公开(公告)号：US5787145A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

申请号：US619410

申请日：1996-03-21

Applicant: Georg Geus

Inventor： Georg Geus

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/20

CPC classification number: G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/201

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for identifying crystalline and polycrystalline material in an object placed in an examination region. X-rays having a polychromatic energy distribution are passed through a diaphragm to create a central x-ray beam in a fan plane that is projected into the examination region for irradiating a cross section of the object. The x-rays are diffracted by individual subregions of the object along the cross section in dependence of the presence of crystalline and/or polycrystalline material in the individual subregions. Collimators with collimating windows are arranged beyond the examination region with respect to the diaphragm, each collimating window covering a fixed, predetermined subregion of the examination region and extracting at least one diffracted plane fan beam from the respective individual subregion of the object. Energy spectra of the diffracted x-ray plane fan beams exiting the respective one of the collimating windows are captured with a detector located behind each of the collimating windows for converting the captured energy spectra into signals usable in a data processing arrangement.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于识别放置在检查区域中的物体中的晶体和多晶材料的方法和装置。 具有多色能分布的X射线通过隔膜以在扇形平面中产生中心X射线束，该中心X射线束投射到检查区域中，用于照射物体的横截面。 X射线根据各个子区域中结晶和/或多晶材料的存在，沿着横截面由物体的各个子区域衍射。 具有准直窗口的准直器相对于隔膜布置在检查区域之外，每个准直窗口覆盖检查区域的固定的预定子区域，并且从对象的相应单独子区域提取至少一个衍射平面扇形光束。 离开相应一个准直窗的衍射X射线平面扇形光束的能量谱被位于每个准直窗后面的检测器捕获，用于将所捕获的能量光谱转换成可用于数据处理装置的信号。

公开(公告)号：US5692029A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US467983

申请日：1995-06-06

Applicant: Abdo A. Husseiny ,  Edwin D. Stevens ,  Zeinab A. Sabri

Inventor： Abdo A. Husseiny ,  Edwin D. Stevens ,  Zeinab A. Sabri

IPC: F41H11/12 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01V11/00

CPC classification number: F41H11/12 ,  F41H11/136 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V11/00 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0069 ,  G07B15/00

Abstract: The invention is a detector for detection of concealed explosives, drugs and contraband using x-rays imaging and powder pattern techniques and ultrasonics. In case of inspection of carry-on baggage a combination of computer-aided x-ray transmission imaging and x-ray diffraction analysis is used to screen; confirm and localize threats. The x-ray transmission is used to segregate dense baggage and cargo which are inspected by x-ray backscatter imaging to identify suspicious objects. All suspicious objects are carefully analyzed by x-ray diffraction. In another embodiment a slow processing system uses diffraction for identification of threats and x-ray radiography for localization of the objects. In case of drugs concealed in compartments aboard marine vessels or air crafts a hand-held x-ray system is disclosed which can be used in three modes of operation: x-ray transmission, x-ray backscatter, or x-ray diffraction dependent on the architecture of the compartment. In case of buried mines an oscillating dual-energy x-ray backscatter imaging is used for antipersonnel mines and a combination of x-ray backscatter imaging and prompt gamma detectors is used for antivehicle and antiaircraft mines. Ultrasonic detectors are disclosed for detection of explosives on persons. Also, a tracking system based on bar-code identification system and a central computer is disclosed for baggage.

Abstract translation: 本发明是使用X射线成像和粉末图案技术和超声波检测隐藏的爆炸物，药物和违禁品的检测器。 在携带行李检查的情况下，使用计算机辅助X射线透射成像和X射线衍射分析的组合进行筛选; 确认和本地化威胁。 x射线透射用于隔离通过x射线反向散射成像检查的密集行李和货物，以识别可疑物体。 所有可疑物体都通过X射线衍射进行仔细分析。 在另一个实施例中，慢处理系统使用衍射来识别威胁和用于定位对象的X射线照相。 如果药物隐藏在海洋船只或航空工具上的舱室中，则公开了一种手持式x射线系统，可用于三种操作模式：x射线透射，x射线反向散射或X射线衍射取决于 隔间的建筑。 在埋地雷的情况下，用于杀伤人员地雷的振荡双能X射线反向散射成像，并将X射线反向散射成像和及时伽马探测器的组合用于抗高射炮和高射雷达。 公开了用于检测人身上爆炸物的超声波检测器。 此外，公开了一种基于条形码识别系统和中央计算机的跟踪系统，用于行李。

公开(公告)号：US5493596A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-20

申请号：US486035

申请日：1995-07-07

Applicant: Martin Annis

Inventor： Martin Annis

IPC: G01N23/10 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/10

Abstract: A high-energy X-ray inspection system comprises an X-ray source for generating high energy X rays for inspecting the contents of large objects. The source is contained within an enclosure having an integrally-formed precollimator device that limits the radiation emitted from the source to form a "fan-beam" of X rays. A novel rotating cylindrical collimator converts the fan-beam into a pencil-beam of X rays, which is further limited by a fixed-slit collimator. The high-energy pencil-beam penetrates the entire area of an object and is intercepted by a detector, which transforms the X rays into image data for presentation on a display screen.

Abstract translation: 高能X射线检查系统包括用于产生高能X射线的X射线源，用于检查大物体的内容物。 源包含在具有整体形成的预聚焦装置的外壳内，其限制从源发射的辐射以形成X射线的“扇形束”。 一种新颖的旋转圆柱准直器将扇形光束转换成X射线的铅笔束，其进一步受到固定狭缝准直器的限制。 高能量铅笔光束穿透物体的整个区域并被检测器拦截，检测器将X射线转换成用于在显示屏上呈现的图像数据。

公开(公告)号：US5426685A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

申请号：US185690

申请日：1994-01-24

Applicant: Anthony J. Pellegrino ,  Milton Stoller ,  Kenneth F. DeFreitas ,  David D. Camarra ,  Anthony M. Scandura ,  Richard F. Schutz ,  Jeffrey R. Storm

Inventor： Anthony J. Pellegrino ,  Milton Stoller ,  Kenneth F. DeFreitas ,  David D. Camarra ,  Anthony M. Scandura ,  Richard F. Schutz ,  Jeffrey R. Storm

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/04 ,  A61B10/00 ,  A61B10/02 ,  A61B19/00 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/0435 ,  A61B90/10 ,  A61B90/11 ,  A61B90/17 ,  A61B10/0233 ,  A61B6/4488

Abstract: An elongated prone patient-supporting examining table for X-ray mammography is centrally supported at variable heights by a rear pedestal. The table is provided with a central breast-receiving aperture through which the patient's pendulant breast is exposed to a horizontal beam of X-rays from a tubehead source mounted on an arm angularly movable through an arc of some 210.degree. centered on the patient's breast. The patient's feet may be positioned at either end of the elongated table on an extensible footrest, permitting X-ray projection through more than 360.degree. around the patient's body. Diagnosis of suspect lesions and fine needle biopsy are both facilitated by stereotactic examination. Digital imaging using a CCD camera and image enhancement software provides magnification, contrast enhancement, window and level manipulation and high resolution images, with low exposure levels, short exposure times, and greatly reduced imaging times.

Abstract translation: 用于X射线乳房X线照相术的细长易患者支撑检查台由后基座在可变高度处集中支撑。 该台设置有中央乳房接收孔，通过该中心乳房接收孔，患者的侧枝乳房从安装在可以通过位于患者胸部上方的大约210度的弧的角度移动的臂上的管头源暴露于水平的X射线束。 患者的脚可以位于细长台的任一端在可伸展的脚踏板上，允许在患者身体周围超过360度的X射线投射。 通过立体定向检查有助于诊断疑似病变和细针穿刺活检。 使用CCD相机和图像增强软件的数字成像提供放大，对比度增强，窗口和电平操纵以及高分辨率图像，具有低曝光水平，短曝光时间，并大大缩短了成像时间。

公开(公告)号：US4825454A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

申请号：US137982

申请日：1987-12-28

Applicant: Martin Annis ,  Michael Johnson ,  Richard Mastronardi

Inventor： Martin Annis ,  Michael Johnson ,  Richard Mastronardi

IPC: A61B6/02 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: A61B6/483 ,  G21K1/025

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprising an X-ray source, a collimator, and an X-ray scatter detector. The X-rays are directed toward an object to be imaged where the collimator and detector are located between the source and object. The X-rays striking the object produce back scattered X-rays which are directed back through the collimator to the detector and an image is produced.

Abstract translation: 一种X射线成像装置，包括X射线源，准直仪和X射线散射检测器。 X射线被引导到准直仪和检测器位于源和物体之间的成像对象。 撞击物体的X射线产生反向散射的X射线，其被引导回准直仪到检测器并产生图像。

公开(公告)号：US4768214A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-30

申请号：US853368

申请日：1986-04-15

Applicant: Paul J. Bjorkholm

Inventor： Paul J. Bjorkholm

IPC: G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01N23/20083

Abstract: Method and apparatus for imaging using penetrating radiant energy provides a resulting image with elements of intensity related to atomic number. A penetrating radiant energy source is used for generating a flying spot. A first detector is located to be responsive to transmitted energy, e.g. the flying spot traverses the first detector. A second detector is located substantially coplanar with the first detector to be responsive to scattered energy, as the flying spot scans a target. The signals produced by the first and second detectors are combined to produce an image array having elements of intensity related to atomic number. A method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring density using the apparatus already recited, is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 使用穿透辐射能成像的方法和装置提供具有与原子序数相关的强度元素的结果图像。 穿透辐射能源用于产生飞点。 第一检测器被定位成响应于发射的能量，例如， 飞点穿过第一个探测器。 当飞镖扫描目标时，第二检测器基本上与第一检测器共面定位以响应散射能量。 由第一和第二检测器产生的信号被组合以产生具有与原子序数相关的强度元素的图像阵列。 还公开了使用已经叙述的装置非侵入式测量密度的方法和装置。