公开(公告)号：US06554179B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09900252

申请日：2001-07-06

Applicant: Mervyn H. Horner ,  Paul W. Trester ,  Peter G. Valentine

Inventor： Mervyn H. Horner ,  Paul W. Trester ,  Peter G. Valentine

IPC: B23K3102

CPC classification number: H01J9/02 ,  B23K35/001 ,  B23K35/005 ,  B23K35/327 ,  C04B35/5622 ,  C04B35/5626 ,  C04B35/5805 ,  C04B37/00 ,  C04B37/026 ,  C04B2235/3813 ,  C04B2235/3839 ,  C04B2235/3847 ,  C04B2235/404 ,  C04B2235/422 ,  C04B2235/6581 ,  C04B2235/9607 ,  C04B2237/122 ,  C04B2237/36 ,  C04B2237/363 ,  C04B2237/385 ,  C04B2237/403 ,  C04B2237/525 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/083

Abstract: Reaction-brazing of tungsten or molybdenum metal bodies to carbonaceous supports enables an x-ray generating anode to be joined to a preferred lightweight substrate. Complementary surfaces are provided on a dense refractory metal body and a graphite or a carbon-carbon composite support. A particulate braze mixture comprising Hf or Zr carbide, Mo or W boride, Hf or Zr powder and Mo or W powder is coated onto the support surface, and hafnium or zirconium foil may be introduced between the braze mixture and the refractory metal body complementary surface. Reaction-brazing is carried out at or near the eutectic point of the components, which may be influenced to some extent by the presence of carbon and boride. Heating to about 1865° C. for a Mo/Hf combination creates a thin, dense, strong braze that securely joins the two bodies and creates a thin barrier of carbide and boride microphases near and along the interface with the carbon support that diminishes carbon diffusion into the metal body during extended exposures at elevated temperatures (above those presently used in x-ray tubes), even well above the eutectoid temperature.

Abstract translation: 钨或钼金属体对碳质载体的反应钎焊使得x射线产生阳极能够接合到优选的轻质基底上。 互补表面设置在致密的耐火金属体和石墨或碳 - 碳复合材料载体上。 包含Hf或Zr碳化物，Mo或W硼化物，Hf或Zr粉末和Mo或W粉末的颗粒状钎焊混合物涂覆在载体表面上，并且铪或锆箔可以引入钎焊混合物和难熔金属体互补表面 。 反应钎焊在组分的共晶点处或附近进行，这可能在一定程度上受到碳和硼化物的存在的影响。 对于Mo / Hf组合，加热至约1865℃产生薄而致密的强钎焊，其牢固地连接两个主体，并且在与碳载体的界面附近和沿着碳载体的界面产生薄碳屏障和硼化物微相，从而减少碳扩散 在升高的温度（高于目前在x射线管中使用的那些）下延伸曝光时，甚至远高于共析温度，进入金属体。

公开(公告)号：US20030016789A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-23

申请号：US10174665

申请日：2002-06-19

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Jens Peter Schlomka

IPC: H01J035/08

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for generating X-rays upon incidence of electrons (4), which arrangement includes a liquid metal zone (7) in which a liquid metal (9) is provided as an X-ray target in such a manner that it can flow past a zone of electron incidence (8). In order to allow a pump of reduced capacity to be employed in such a device in order to provide the movement of the liquid metal, in accordance with the invention it is proposed to realize a pressure zone (10) which is separate from the liquid metal zone (7) and is provided with a pressure medium (11) in such a manner that the pressure medium (11) can exert a pressure on the liquid metal (9) present in the liquid metal zone (7) in order to force the liquid metal (9) past the zone of electron incidence (8), the pressure zone (10) being provided with a pressure accumulator (R3) which can be replenished in order to apply the pressure.

公开(公告)号：US20020191745A1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-19

申请号：US09884229

申请日：2001-06-19

Inventor： Mark Dinsmore

IPC: G01N023/04

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  A61N5/1001 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: A therapeutic radiation source includes a spiral-shaped, laser-heated thermionic cathode. A fiber optic cable directs a beam of radiation, having a power level sufficient to heat at least a portion of the electron-emissive surface to an electron emitting temperature, from a laser source onto the cathode. The cathode generates an electron beam along a beam path by thermionic emission, and strikes a target positioned in its beam path. The target includes radiation emissive material that emits therapeutic radiation in response to incident accelerated electrons from the electron beam. The spiral-shaped conductive element has a plurality of spaced apart turns, and is disposed in a vacuum. An interstitial spacing is defined between adjacent turns, so that heat transfer across the spacing between each adjacent turn is essentially eliminated, thereby substantially reducing heat loss in the cathode caused by thermal conduction.

Abstract translation: 治疗性辐射源包括螺旋状激光加热的热离子阴极。 光纤电缆将具有足以将至少一部分电子发射表面的电子发射温度从激光源加热到阴极的辐射束引导。 阴极通过热离子发射沿光束路径产生电子束，并且撞击位于其光束路径中的目标。 目标包括响应于来自电子束的入射加速电子发射治疗辐射的辐射发射材料。 螺旋状导电元件具有多个间隔开的匝，并且设置在真空中。 在相邻匝之间限定间隙，从而基本上消除了每个相邻匝之间的间隔的热传递，从而大大减少了由热传导引起的阴极热损失。

公开(公告)号：US20020154741A1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-24

申请号：US10013601

申请日：2001-12-04

Inventor： Mark J. Rigali ,  Manish P. Sutaria ,  E. Greg Hilmas ,  Anthony C. Mulligan ,  Marlene Platero-AllRunner ,  Mark M. Opeka

IPC: H01J035/10

CPC classification number: C04B35/5622 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B33Y80/00 ,  C04B30/02 ,  C04B35/5607 ,  C04B35/6261 ,  C04B35/6263 ,  C04B35/62855 ,  C04B35/6286 ,  C04B35/62865 ,  C04B35/62868 ,  C04B35/62873 ,  C04B35/62876 ,  C04B35/632 ,  C04B35/645 ,  C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/4584 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3813 ,  C04B2235/3817 ,  C04B2235/3826 ,  C04B2235/3839 ,  C04B2235/3843 ,  C04B2235/3847 ,  C04B2235/3852 ,  C04B2235/40 ,  C04B2235/404 ,  C04B2235/405 ,  C04B2235/425 ,  C04B2235/524 ,  C04B2235/5244 ,  C04B2235/5252 ,  C04B2235/526 ,  C04B2235/5264 ,  C04B2235/5436 ,  C04B2235/6021 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/081 ,  H01J2235/088 ,  Y10T428/2916 ,  Y10T428/2918 ,  Y10T428/2929 ,  C04B14/46 ,  C04B20/1062 ,  C04B20/1055

Abstract: Fibrous monolith composites suitable for use in high temperature environments and/or harsh chemical environments are provided, along with methods of preparation thereof. The fibrous monolith composites exhibit such beneficial properties as enhanced strength, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and thermal cycling tolerance.

Abstract translation: 提供了适用于高温环境和/或恶劣化学环境的纤维整料复合材料及其制备方法。 纤维整体复合材料具有增强强度，耐腐蚀性，耐热冲击性和热循环耐受性等有益特性。

公开(公告)号：US20020101958A1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-01

申请号：US09772435

申请日：2001-01-29

Applicant: SIEMENS MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.

Inventor： Kirk Joseph Bertsche

IPC: H01J035/08

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  A61N5/10 ,  A61N2005/1085 ,  H01J2235/081

Abstract: A multi-region target that is configured to selectively generate two different energy distributions when exposed to an excitation electron beam is described. The multi-region target includes multiple regions with different x-ray generating characteristics. Thus, the interaction between an excitation electron beam and the target generates an x-ray beam with an energy distribution that depends upon which target region is exposed to the excitation electron beam. The different x-ray spectra may be used to produce an enhanced contrast x-ray image. A method of detecting the rotational position of the multi-region target based upon the contrast level of the resulting images also is described.

Abstract translation: 描述了被配置为当暴露于激发电子束时选择性地产生两个不同能量分布的多区域目标。 多区域目标包括具有不同x射线产生特性的多个区域。 因此，激发电子束与目标之间的相互作用产生具有取决于哪个目标区域暴露于激发电子束的能量分布的X射线束。 可以使用不同的X射线光谱来产生增强的对比度x射线图像。 还描述了基于所得图像的对比度水平来检测多区域目标的旋转位置的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20020048344A1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-25

申请号：US09973310

申请日：2001-10-09

Inventor： Peter Klaus Bachmann ,  Manfred Beckmann ,  Peter Flisikowski ,  Geoffrey Harding

IPC: H01J035/00 ,  H01J035/22 ,  H01J035/32

CPC classification number: H01J35/16 ,  H01J33/04 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082 ,  H01J2235/168

Abstract: The invention relates to a window transparent to electron rays comprising a foil (1; 101) which is transparent to electron rays and an element (2; 102) for supporting a peripheral region (1a, 1b) of the foil transparent to electron rays in the operational state, which element is made from a material having a greater linear thermal expansion coefficient than the foil material, with an intermediate layer (4; 104a, b) which is arranged between the foil (1; 101) and a retaining element (2; 102) acting as a support element and which consists of a material having a linear thermal expansion coefficient which is equal or similar to the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the foil material and smaller than the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the retaining element, seen over the processing temperature range. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a window which is transparent to electrons and an X-ray device with a window transparent to electrons.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种对电子射线透明的窗口，其包括对电子射线透明的箔片（1; 101）和用于支撑箔片的外围区域（1a，1b）的元件（2; 102） 所述操作状态是由具有比所述箔材料更大的线性热膨胀系数的材料制成的，具有布置在所述箔（1; 101）和保持元件（1; 101）之间的中间层（4; 104a，b） 2; 102），其作为支撑元件，并且由具有与箔材料的线性热膨胀系数相等或类似的线性热膨胀系数的材料构成，并且小于保持材料的线性热膨胀系数 元件，在加工温度范围内。 本发明还涉及制造对电子透明的窗口的方法以及具有对电子透明的窗口的X射线装置。

公开(公告)号：US06359968B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09501895

申请日：2000-02-10

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: H01J3508

CPC classification number: H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray tube which includes a device for generating and focusing an electron beam on a target material. In order to avoid the problems of inadmissible heating of the anode while attempting to increase the electron beam density, according to the invention a gaseous target material contained in a chamber is used to generate the X-rays; this target material can be heated to a substantially higher temperature without the anode being damaged.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种X射线管，其包括用于在目标材料上产生和聚焦电子束的装置。 为了避免在试图增加电子束密度的同时加热阳极的问题，根据本发明，使用包含在腔室中的气态靶材料来产生X射线; 该目标材料可以被加热到相当高的温度，而不会损坏阳极。

公开(公告)号：US20020015473A1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-07

申请号：US09910073

申请日：2001-07-23

Inventor： Hans Martin Hertz ,  Oscar Hemberg

IPC: H01J035/08

CPC classification number: H05G2/003 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082 ,  H05G2/005

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for generating X-ray or EUV radiation, an electron beam is brought to interact with a propagating target jet, typically in a vacuum chamber. The target jet is formed by urging a liquid substance under pressure through an outlet opening. Hard X-ray radiation may be generated by converting the electron-beam energy to Bremsstrahlung and characteristic line emission, essentially without heating the jet to a plasma-forming temperature. Soft X-ray or EUV radiation may be generated by the electron beam heating the jet to a plasma-forming temperature.

Abstract translation: 在用于产生X射线或EUV辐射的方法和装置中，电子束通常在真空室中与传播的靶射流相互作用。 目标射流是通过在压力下通过出口开启的液体物质来形成的。 可以通过将电子束能量转换为Bre致辐射和特征线发射来产生硬X射线辐射，基本上不将射流加热到等离子体形成温度。 可以通过将射流加热到等离子体形成温度的电子束产生软X射线或EUV辐射。

公开(公告)号：US5940469A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-17

申请号：US937074

申请日：1997-09-24

Applicant: Erich Hell ,  Wolfgang Knuepfer ,  Peter Schardt

Inventor： Erich Hell ,  Wolfgang Knuepfer ,  Peter Schardt

IPC: G21K5/02 ,  G21K5/08 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H05G1/52 ,  H05H6/00 ,  G21K1/10

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  H05G1/52 ,  H05H6/00

Abstract: A radiation source for generating multi-chromatic, particularly di-chromatic, x-radiation has at least one cathode and an anode for generating x-ray bremsstrahlung and a target surrounded by the cathode for converting the x-ray bremsstrahlung incident on the target into fluorescence radiation. The target is composed of different materials in sections and the sections can be selectively irradiated with the x-ray bremsstrahlung.

Abstract translation: 用于产生多色，特别是二色x射线的辐射源具有至少一个用于产生x射线bre致辐射的阴极和阳极，以及由阴极包围的靶，用于将入射到靶上的x射线bre致辐射转换为 荧光辐射。 目标由不同的部分材料组成，并且部分可以选择性地用x射线bre致辐射照射。

公开(公告)号：US5452720A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-26

申请号：US104338

申请日：1993-08-09

Applicant: Donald O. Smith ,  Alan P. Sliski ,  Kenneth J. Harte ,  Peter J. Biggs ,  John F. Beatty

Inventor： Donald O. Smith ,  Alan P. Sliski ,  Kenneth J. Harte ,  Peter J. Biggs ,  John F. Beatty

IPC: A61N5/10 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H05G1/06 ,  H05G1/10 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34 ,  A61B6/12 ,  A61M36/00

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H05G1/06 ,  H05G1/10 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  H01J2201/342

Abstract: A method of treating brain tumors in a patient, comprising the steps of: identifying and locating a brain tumor in vivo by affixing a stereotactic frame to the head of the patient, performing a computer tomographic (CT) scan of the skull of the patient to determine the location, size, and shape of the tumor with respect to the stereotactic frame, performing a biopsy by inserting an extraction tool along a path measured with respect to the frame to the tumor location, extracting a tissue from the location, removing the needle and the extracted tissue and analyzing the tissue; implanting at least a portion of an adjustable x-ray radiation source in the patient proximate the tumor, the adjustable radiation source including an electron beam source outside the head of the patient, and directing an electron beam produced by the source outside the head of the patient along the path to the location; and controlling the source to generate an x-ray radiation pattern characterized by a spatial and temporal distribution, to selectively irradiate the tumor.

Abstract translation: 一种治疗患者脑肿瘤的方法，包括以下步骤：通过将立体定向框架固定在患者的头部来识别和定位脑肿瘤，对患者的头骨进行计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描 确定相对于立体定向框架的肿瘤的位置，大小和形状，通过沿着相对于框架测量的路径将提取工具插入到肿瘤位置进行活检，从该位置提取组织，移除针 和提取的组织并分析组织; 在靠近肿瘤的患者中植入至少一部分可调节X射线辐射源，所述可调节辐射源包括位于患者头部外部的电子束源，并且将源头产生的电子束引导到患者头部外部 患者沿着路径到位置; 并且控制源以产生以空间和时间分布为特征的X射线辐射图，以选择性地照射肿瘤。