公开(公告)号：US06897915B1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US09966294

申请日：2001-09-27

Applicant: Oleg D. Lavrentovich ,  Dmitry Voloschenko ,  Sergij Shiyanovskii

Inventor： Oleg D. Lavrentovich ,  Dmitry Voloschenko ,  Sergij Shiyanovskii

IPC: G02F1/1333 ,  G02F1/1334

CPC classification number: G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/133377 ,  G02F2201/305

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises a first and second cell wall structure; at least one liquid crystal material disposed within a space between the first and second cell wall structures; and polymer micro-structures, wherein the micro-structures are formed by polymerizing a prepolymer, and wherein said micro-structures have a shape and spatial location determined by said liquid crystal material. Permanent polymer micro-structures are formed from a liquid crystal with a non-uniform spatially modulated director field. The polymer structures have the shape and spatial location dictated by the non-uniform director field of the liquid crystal. The micro-structures are a backbone that restores the liquid crystal director field that existed during the polymerization process even when other factors, such as electric field, temperature, or surface anchoring, do not favor this restoration. The polymer micro-structures can be used in optical devices, such as diffraction gratings and deflecting and beam steering devices, and in micro-mechanical and micro-fluidic devices.

Abstract translation: 液晶装置包括第一和第二细胞壁结构; 设置在所述第一和第二细胞壁结构之间的空间内的至少一个液晶材料; 和聚合物微结构，其中通过聚合预聚物形成微结构，并且其中所述微结构具有由所述液晶材料确定的形状和空间位置。 永久聚合物微结构由具有不均匀的空间调制导向器场的液晶形成。 聚合物结构具有由液晶的非均匀导向器场决定的形状和空间位置。 微结构是恢复聚合过程中存在的液晶导向器磁场的骨架，即使其他因素，如电场，温度或表面锚定，也不利于这种恢复。 聚合物微结构可用于光学器件，例如衍射光栅和偏转和光束转向装置，以及微机械和微流体装置。

公开(公告)号：US06885791B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US09970343

申请日：2001-10-03

Applicant: Tong Xie ,  Yakov Sidorin ,  Falgun Patel ,  Ralph Henry Page

Inventor： Tong Xie ,  Yakov Sidorin ,  Falgun Patel ,  Ralph Henry Page

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02B6/34

CPC classification number: G02F1/035 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B2006/12107 ,  G02B2006/12164 ,  G02F2201/305 ,  G02F2203/055 ,  G02F2203/48 ,  G02F2203/585

Abstract: An integrated-optic attenuator/equalizer device comprising a photorefractive substrate, at least one optical waveguide channel formed in the substrate, at least one diffractive-Bragg grating formed in the substrate, and a diffractive-Bragg grating modulator that is capable of modulating the diffractive Bragg grating(s). The diffractive-Bragg grating(s) intersects the optical waveguide channel. When a diffractive-Bragg grating formed in the substrate is modulated, at least a fraction of light of a wavelength associated with the modulated diffractive-Bragg grating is re-directed by the modulated diffractive-Bragg grating, thereby preventing the re-directed fraction of light from arriving at the output of the optical waveguide channel. Multiple diffractive-Bragg gratings may be implemented in the integrated-optic device, each having a particular wavelength associated therewith, and the diffractive-Bragg gratings may be simultaneously or independently modulated to control the fractions of light of different wavelengths that arrive at the output of the optical waveguide channel.

Abstract translation: 一种集成光衰减器/均衡器装置，包括光折射基板，形成在基板中的至少一个光波导通道，形成在基板中的至少一个衍射 - 布拉格光栅，以及能够调制衍射的衍射 - 布拉格光栅调制器 布拉格光栅（s）。 衍射 - 布拉格光栅与光波导通道相交。 当在衬底中形成的衍射 - 布拉格光栅被调制时，与调制的衍射 - 布拉格光栅相关联的至少一部分波长的光被调制的衍射 - 布拉格光栅重新导向，从而防止了 光到达光波导通道的输出。 多个衍射 - 布拉格光栅可以在集成光学器件中实现，每个具有与其相关联的特定波长，并且衍射 - 布拉格光栅可以被同时或独立地调制以控制到达输出的不同波长的光的分数 光波导通道。

公开(公告)号：US20050007639A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10916430

申请日：2004-08-12

Applicant: Lalgudi Natarajan ,  Richard Sutherland ,  Vince Tondiglia ,  Timothy Bunning ,  Bob Epling ,  Donna Brandelik

Inventor： Lalgudi Natarajan ,  Richard Sutherland ,  Vince Tondiglia ,  Timothy Bunning ,  Bob Epling ,  Donna Brandelik

IPC: G02B5/32 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G03H1/00 ,  C09K19/52 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G03H1/04

CPC classification number: G03H1/0005 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G02B6/2713 ,  G02B6/2931 ,  G02B6/29311 ,  G02B6/29314 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02F1/13342 ,  G02F2201/305 ,  G03H1/02 ,  G03H1/0248 ,  G03H2001/026 ,  G03H2001/0264 ,  G03H2001/2615 ,  G03H2260/12 ,  G03H2260/33 ,  Y10T428/10

Abstract: A new photopolymerizable material allows single-step, fast recording of volume holograms with properties that can be electrically controlled. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in accordance with the invention preferably comprise a homogeneous mixture of a nematic liquid crystal and a multifunctional pentaacrylate monomer in combination with photoinitiator, coinitiator and cross-linking agent. Optionally, a surfactant such as octancic acid may also be added. The PDLC material is exposed to coherent light to produce an interference pattern inside the material. Photopolymerization of the new PDLC material produces a hologram of clearly separated liquid crystal domains and cured polymer domains. Volume transmission gratings made with the new PDLC material can be electrically switched between nearly 100% diffraction efficiency and nearly 0% diffraction efficiency. By increasing the frequency of the switching voltage, switching voltages in the range of 50 Vrms can be achieved. The optional use of a surfactant allows low switching voltages at lower frequencies than without a surfactant. In an alternative embodiment, a PDLC material in accordance with the invention can be utilized to form reflection gratings, including switchable reflection gratings. In still further embodiments, a PDLC material in accordance with the invention can be used to form switchable subwavelength gratings. By further processing, static transmission, reflection, and subwavelength PDLC materials can be formed. In addition, PDLC materials in accordance with the present invention can be used to form switchable slanted transmission gratings suitable for switchable optical coupling and reconfigurable optical interconnects.

Abstract translation: 新的可光聚合材料允许单步快速记录体积全息图，其性质可以被电控制。 根据本发明的聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）优选包含与光引发剂，共引发剂和交联剂组合的向列型液晶和多官能五丙烯酸酯单体的均匀混合物。 任选地，还可以加入表面活性剂如辛酸。 PDLC材料暴露于相干光以在材料内产生干涉图案。 新的PDLC材料的光聚合产生清晰分离的液晶畴和固化聚合物畴的全息图。 用新的PDLC材料制成的体积传输光栅可以在近100％的衍射效率和近0％的衍射效率之间电气切换。 通过提高开关电压的频率，可以实现在50Vrms范围内的开关电压。 表面活性剂的选择性使用允许低于没有表面活性剂的低频率的低开关电压。 在替代实施例中，根据本发明的PDLC材料可用于形成包括可切换反射光栅的反射光栅。 在另外的实施例中，根据本发明的PDLC材料可用于形成可切换的亚波长光栅。 通过进一步处理，可以形成静态透射，反射和亚波长的PDLC材料。 此外，根据本发明的PDLC材料可以用于形成适合于可切换光耦合和可重新配置的光互连的可转换的倾斜透射光栅。

公开(公告)号：US20040184804A1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-23

申请号：US10472240

申请日：2003-09-22

Inventor： Arie Shahar

IPC: H04J014/02

CPC classification number: G02F1/21 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/2861 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B2006/12097 ,  G02B2006/12147 ,  G02B2006/12159 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/2252 ,  G02F1/31 ,  G02F1/3131 ,  G02F1/3136 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F3/00 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2201/305 ,  H04J14/005 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/08

Abstract: Optical system (200), which controls interference pattern (150) of combined grating (100), by controlling different illuminations of beams (132, 134) on grating. Optical fiber (202) guides and emits used in optical communication. Information carrier beam used in optical communication. Information carrier beam used in optical communication. Reflector (206) receives beam and reflects beams toward attenuator (208), which transmits beam toward transparent blcok (104). Beam enters block without direction change and propagates in block toward grating layer and grating.

Abstract translation: 通过控制光栅上的光束（132,134）的不同照明来控制组合光栅（100）的干涉图案（150）的光学系统（200）。 光纤（202）引导和发射用于光通信。 信息载波波束用于光通信。 信息载波波束用于光通信。 反射器（206）接收光束并将光束反射到衰减器（208），所述衰减器将光束透射到透明片（104）。 光束在没有方向变化的情况下进入块，并且朝向光栅层和光栅传播。

公开(公告)号：US06782164B1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-24

申请号：US10062956

申请日：2002-01-31

Applicant: Shing Lee ,  David A. G. Deacon

Inventor： Shing Lee ,  David A. G. Deacon

IPC: G02B634

CPC classification number: H01S3/1055 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F2201/305

Abstract: A thermally wavelength tunable laser includes a core, the core including more than one diffraction grating, and thermo-optical material adjacent to each diffraction grating. By selectively changing the temperature and hence the refractive index in the thermo-optical material adjacent to a chosen diffraction grating, the chosen diffraction grating can be tuned over a selected wavelength range. By selecting different diffraction gratings, different, non-overlapping wavelength ranges can be selected and the laser can be tuned over a broad range of wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 热波长可调激光器包括芯，芯包括多于一个衍射光栅，以及与每个衍射光栅相邻的热光材料。 通过选择性地改变与所选择的衍射光栅相邻的热光材料的温度和因此的折射率，所选择的衍射光栅可以在选定的波长范围内调谐。 通过选择不同的衍射光栅，可以选择不同的非重叠波长范围，并且可以在宽范围的波长上调谐激光。

公开(公告)号：US20040130773A1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-08

申请号：US10656009

申请日：2003-09-05

Inventor： Anders Malthe-Sorenssen ,  Even Zimmer ,  Trond Naterstad ,  Bengt Jacobson

IPC: G02B026/00 ,  G02F001/00

CPC classification number: G02F1/292 ,  G02B5/1814 ,  G02B5/1828 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/29314 ,  G02B26/004 ,  G02B26/0808 ,  G02B2006/12107 ,  G02F1/21 ,  G02F1/31 ,  G02F1/315 ,  G02F2201/305 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  G02F2202/022 ,  G02F2203/48

Abstract: A variable optical modulator for optical communication systems using a tunable dynamic grating comprises a gel or membrane layer attached adjacent to a prism communicating light to/from the optical communication system. A substrate has a plurality of individually addressable electrodes and drive means for providing regulated excitation voltage to each of the plurality of electrodes, thereby generating a wave pattern on a surface of the gel or membrane superimposed on an initial state of the gel or membrane layer.

Abstract translation: 用于使用可调动态光栅的光通信系统的可变光调制器包括邻近于与光通信系统通信光的棱镜附着的凝胶或膜层。 衬底具有多个可单独寻址的电极和用于向多个电极中的每一个提供调节的激发电压的驱动装置，从而在凝胶或膜的表面上产生叠加在凝胶或膜层的初始状态上的波形图案。

公开(公告)号：US06750940B2

公开(公告)日：2004-06-15

申请号：US09963939

申请日：2001-09-26

Applicant: Songlin Zhuang ,  Lingjuan Gu ,  Yinggang Qiu

Inventor： Songlin Zhuang ,  Lingjuan Gu ,  Yinggang Qiu

IPC: G02F113

CPC classification number: G02F1/31 ,  G02F1/13342 ,  G02F2201/305 ,  G02F2203/06

Abstract: An optical switch is provided in which a cell comprised of photopolymer dispersed in a liquid crystal sandwiched between two transparent plates is first recorded with a grating utilizing two plane wave laser beams interacting at an angle. This grating is permanently established in the cell such that when the cell is illuminated the incoming beam is diffracted in accordance with the spatial frequency of the grating. When an electric signal is applied across the cell, the refractive index of the liquid crystal matches that of the photopolymer due to the molecular orientation of the liquid crystal and no diffraction occurs because the grating formed in the liquid crystal is temporarily erased or over written. The liquid crystal cell therefore becomes transparent with the application of the electrical signal. Switching occurs by whether or not the grating is present or not, which is in turn dependent upon whether or not there is an electrical signal applied across the cell.

Abstract translation: 提供一种光学开关，其中由分散在夹在两个透明板之间的液晶中的光聚合物组成的单元首先利用两个以一定角度相互作用的平面波激光束记录光栅。 该光栅永久地建立在单元中，使得当单元被照亮时，入射光束根据光栅的空间频率被衍射。 当电信号施加在电池单元上时，由于液晶的分子取向，液晶的折射率与光聚合物的折射率相匹配，并且不会发生衍射，因为形成在液晶中的光栅被暂时擦除或写入。 因此，通过施加电信号，液晶元件变得透明。 是否存在光栅是否存在切换，这又取决于是否在电池上施加电信号。

公开(公告)号：US06724950B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-20

申请号：US09822752

申请日：2001-03-30

Applicant: Dale M. Byrne

Inventor： Dale M. Byrne

IPC: G02F1035

CPC classification number: G02F1/0316 ,  G02F2201/122 ,  G02F2201/305 ,  G02F2203/055

Abstract: The present invention provides configurations for an electro-optically tunable filter. The filter includes an electro-optical crystal, at least one electrically conductive mesh screen, at least one electrode and a voltage source. In one embodiment, an electrical voltage passes from a source to a mesh screen contacting the crystal, through the crystal and an electrode on the crystal's opposite end. The mesh screen creates a narrow bandpass. The optical properties of the mesh screen-crystal combination are determined partially by the refractive index of the crystal when a voltage is applied to the mesh screen. Variable voltages change the refractive index of the crystal, creating varying spectral positions of the filter. Application of a voltage between the mesh screen and the electrode creates a field internal to the crystal that changes its refractive index, allowing it to be tunable in the bandpass location thereby affecting a passing light signal.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种电光可调谐滤波器的配置。 滤光器包括电光晶体，至少一个导电网格屏幕，至少一个电极和电压源。 在一个实施例中，电压从源极传递到与晶体接触的筛网，通过晶体和晶体相对端上的电极。 网格画面创建一个窄带通。 网状屏幕 - 晶体组合的光学特性部分地由将电压施加到网眼屏幕时的晶体的折射率确定。 可变电压改变了晶体的折射率，产生了滤光片的变化光谱位置。 在网筛和电极之间施加电压产生晶体内部的场，其改变其折射率，允许其在带通位置可调谐，从而影响通过的光信号。

公开(公告)号：US20040042714A1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-04

申请号：US10234289

申请日：2002-09-04

Inventor： Siddharth Ramachandran

IPC: G02B006/26 ,  G02B006/34

CPC classification number: G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/02023 ,  G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/02195 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/14 ,  G02B6/29319 ,  G02B6/29376 ,  G02B6/29394 ,  G02F1/0134 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F2201/305

Abstract: The specification describes optical mode converters wherein coupling is made between a fundamental, or near fundamental, propagation mode and the next, or closely adjacent, higher order mode (HOM). Both modes propagate in the core of the optical fiber, thus maintaining efficient transmission through the mode converter. Mode coupling is effected using a long period grating (LPG) and the strength of the mode coupling is dynamically varied by changing the period of the grating or by varying the propagation constants of the two modes being coupled. The period of the grating is varied by physically changing the spacing between grating elements, for example by changing the strain on the grating to physically stretch the LPG. The propagation constants of the modes can be varied using any method that changes the refractive index of the fiber containing the LPG, for example, by changing the temperature, or electrically changing the index using the electro-optic effect. In every case the two modes being coupled are core modes with high propagation efficiency.

公开(公告)号：US06643424B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US09944274

申请日：2001-08-31

Applicant: Lawrence Jacobowitz ,  Casimer M. DeCusatis

Inventor： Lawrence Jacobowitz ,  Casimer M. DeCusatis

IPC: G02B626

CPC classification number: G02F1/011 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B2006/12145 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F2201/305

Abstract: A silicon oxynitride (SiON)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) optical waveguide switch with a wavelength locked feedback control loop which monitors the wavelength of UV radiation produced by a UV tunable laser diffraction grating write source which has passed through a UV bandpass filter and is then used to selectively write a diffraction grating in the optical waveguide switch. The diffraction grating structure can be switched on or off at will, resulting in an optical switch element for IR radiation traveling through the optical waveguide. This optical switch element is a basic building block which can be used for many other systems, such as optical logic gates or all-optical cross connect switches for wide area networks. Further, it may be used to selectively tap off a portion of the optical signal, for example to read header information in a data stream (or packets) which indicates the destination switch port of the optical data, without disrupting the remaining optical data.

Abstract translation: 具有波长锁定反馈控制回路的硅氮氧化物（SiON）/二氧化硅（SiO 2）光波导开关，其监测通过UV带通滤光器的UV可调激光衍射光栅写入源产生的UV辐射的波长，然后 用于在光波导开关中选择性地写入衍射光栅。 衍射光栅结构可以随意打开或关闭，导致用于IR辐射的光学开关元件穿过光波导。 该光开关元件是可用于许多其它系统的基本构建块，例如用于广域网的光学逻辑门或全光交叉连接开关。 此外，其可以用于选择性地分离光信号的一部分，例如以在不中断剩余的光数据的情况下读取指示光数据的目的地交换端口的数据流（或分组）中的报头信息。