公开(公告)号：US5980718A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：US72296

申请日：1998-05-04

Applicant: Richard A. Van Konynenburg ,  Joseph C. Farmer

Inventor： Richard A. Van Konynenburg ,  Joseph C. Farmer

IPC: C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/469 ,  B01D15/08

CPC classification number: C02F1/4691 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/4612

Abstract: A fuse and filter arrangement for limiting and ameliorating electrode shorting in capacitive deionization water purification systems utilizing carbon aerogel, for example. This arrangement limits and ameliorates the effects of conducting particles or debonded carbon aerogel in shorting the electrodes of a system such as a capacitive deionization water purification system. This is important because of the small interelectrode spacing and the finite possibility of debonding or fragmentation of carbon aerogel in a large system. The fuse and filter arrangement electrically protect the entire system from shutting down if a single pair of electrodes is shorted and mechanically prevents a conducting particle from migrating through the electrode stack, shorting a series of electrode pairs in sequence. It also limits the amount of energy released in a shorting event. The arrangement consists of a set of circuit breakers or fuses with one fuse or breaker in the power line connected to one electrode of each electrode pair and a set of screens of filters in the water flow channels between each set of electrode pairs.

Abstract translation: 一种用于限制和改善使用碳气凝胶的电容去离子水净化系统中的电极短路的保险丝和滤波器装置。 这种布置限制和改善导电颗粒或脱粘碳气凝胶在诸如电容去离子水净化系统之类的系统的电极短路中的作用。 这是重要的，因为在大系统中碳气凝胶的电极间距小和分解或分裂的有限可能性。 如果单对电极短路并且机械地防止导电颗粒迁移通过电极堆叠，则使熔断器和滤波器布置电保护整个系统不被关闭，以使序列中的一系列电极对短路。 它也限制了在短路事件中释放的能量。 该装置包括一组断路器或熔断器，其中电源线中具有一个保险丝或断路器，其连接到每个电极对的一个电极以及每组电极对之间的水流通道中的一组滤波器屏幕。

公开(公告)号：US5954937A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-21

申请号：US737687

申请日：1996-11-15

Applicant: Joseph C. Farmer

Inventor： Joseph C. Farmer

IPC: C02F1/46 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D57/02 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/48 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/50 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N30/88 ,  G01N30/96 ,  H01G11/22 ,  H01G11/30 ,  H01G11/42 ,  B01D15/08

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/0052 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  B01D15/36 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/4602 ,  C02F1/4696 ,  C02F2001/46119 ,  C02F2001/46123 ,  C02F2001/46128 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2001/46161 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2201/003 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/46125 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/46175 ,  C02F2209/001 ,  C02F2209/003 ,  C02F2209/02 ,  C02F2209/05 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C02F2301/028 ,  C02F2303/16 ,  G01N2030/645 ,  G01N2030/8881 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/6095 ,  Y02W10/37 ,  Y10S977/948

Abstract: An electrically regeneratable electrochemical cell (30) for capacitive deionization and electrochemical purification and regeneration of electrodes includes two end plates (31, 32), one at each end of the cell (30). Two end electrodes (35, 36) are arranged one at each end of the cell (30), adjacent to the end plates (31, 32). An insulator layer (33) is interposed between each end plate (31, 32) and the adjacent end electrode (35, 36). Each end electrode (35, 36) includes a single sheet (44) of conductive material having a high specific surface area and sorption capacity. In one embodiment, the sheet (44) of conductive material is formed of carbon aerogel composite. The cell (30) further includes a plurality of generally identical double-sided intermediate electrodes (37-43) that are equidistally separated from each other, between the two end electrodes (35, 36). As the electrolyte enters the cell, it flows through a continuous open serpentine channel (65-71) defined by the electrodes, substantially parallel to the surfaces of the electrodes. By polarizing the cell (30), ions are removed from the electrolyte and are held in the electric double layers formed at the carbon aerogel surfaces of the electrodes. As the cell (30) is saturated with the removed ions, the cell (30) is regenerated electrically, thus significantly minimizing secondary wastes.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / US95 / 06553 Sec。 371日期1996年11月15日 102（e）日期1996年11月15日PCT提交1995年5月19日PCT公布。 公开号WO95 / 32803 1995年12月7日，用于电容去离子和电化学纯化和电极再生的可再生电化学电池（30）包括两个端板（31,32），一个在电池（30）的每一端。 两个端电极（35,36）在电池（30）的每个端部一个布置，邻近端板（31,32）。 在每个端板（31,32）和相邻的端电极（35,36）之间插入绝缘体层（33）。 每个端电极（35,36）包括具有高比表面积和吸附容量的导电材料的单片（44）。 在一个实施例中，导电材料片（44）由碳气凝胶复合材料形成。 电池（30）还包括在两个端电极（35,36）之间彼此等距离分离的多个大致相同的双面中间电极（37-43）。 当电解质进入电池时，其流过由电极限定的连续开放的蛇形通道（65-71），基本上平行于电极的表面。 通过使电池（30）极化，离子从电解质中除去并保持在形成在电极的碳气凝胶表面的电双层中。 当电池（30）被去除的离子饱和时，电池（30）被电再生，从而显着地最小化次要废物。

公开(公告)号：US5807473A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-15

申请号：US722009

申请日：1996-10-10

Applicant: Peter Sadler ,  John Cossich

Inventor： Peter Sadler ,  John Cossich

IPC: C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F1/465 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C25B15/02

CPC classification number: C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/4674 ,  C02F2001/46157 ,  C02F2103/42 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/46125 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2209/005 ,  C02F2209/04 ,  C02F2209/05 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C02F2303/04

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrolytically treating water which includes one or more reactors. Each reactor has a liquid containing vessel and one or more pairs of electrodes. The electrodes are suitable for a continuous anodic or cathodic operation for treating water. A power source for each reactor provides voltage and current to the electrodes. A controller maintains the voltage and current provided to the electrodes. The duration of each voltage polarity applied to each electrode is substantially the same. The polarity of the voltage to the electrodes is periodically reversed during which there is a period of zero voltage applied to the electrodes between a first polarity and a second polarity. The period of zero voltage results in a substantial reduction of back e.m.f. of the reactor which enhances the service life and efficacy of the electrodes.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / AU95 / 00203 Sec。 371日期：1996年10月10日 102（e）日期1996年10月10日PCT提交1995年4月11日PCT公布。 公开号WO95 / 27684 日期1995年10月19日，包括一个或多个反应器的电解水处理装置和方法。 每个反应器具有含液体容器和一对或多对电极。 这些电极适合用于处理水的连续阳极或阴极操作。 每个电抗器的电源为电极提供电压和电流。 控制器保持提供给电极的电压和电流。 施加到每个电极的每个电压极性的持续时间基本相同。 电极的电压的极性周期性地反转，在此期间在第一极性和第二极性之间存在施加到电极的零电压周期。 零电压周期大幅度下降。 的反应器，其增强了电极的使用寿命和功效。

公开(公告)号：US5798028A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-25

申请号：US712320

申请日：1996-09-11

Applicant: Koji Tsuchikawa ,  Yosuke Saito

Inventor： Koji Tsuchikawa ,  Yosuke Saito

IPC: C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B15/08

CPC classification number: C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/008 ,  C02F1/4618 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2201/4617 ,  C02F2201/4618 ,  C02F2209/005 ,  C02F2209/006 ,  C02F2209/42

Abstract: A production system of electrolyzed water includes an electrolyzer the interior of which is subdivided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by means of a cation permeable membrane, a diluted brine tank arranged to store an amount of diluted brine to be supplied into the anode and cathode chambers of the electrolyzer, first and second water supply conduits connecting the brine tank to the anode and cathode chambers respectively, and first and second electrically operated hydraulic pumps provided on the first and second water supply conduits to supply the diluted brine from the brine tank into the anode and cathode chambers. To prevent an electric motor for the hydraulic pumps from corrosion caused by backward flow of electrolyzed water in the production system, the hydraulic pumps are deactivated upon the lapse of a predetermined time after application of the DC voltage to an anode and a cathode in the anode and cathode chambers has been interrupted.

Abstract translation: 电解水的生产系统包括电解槽，其内部通过阳离子可渗透膜被分为阳极室和阴极室，稀释的盐水槽被设置成存储要供应到阳极中的一定数量的稀盐水， 电解槽的阴极室，分别将盐水箱连接到阳极室和阴极室的第一和第二供水管道，以及设置在第一和第二供水管道上的第一和第二电动液压泵，以从盐水罐供应稀释的盐水 进入阳极和阴极室。 为了防止液压泵的电动马达在生产系统中由于电解水的反向流动而引起的腐蚀，在将直流电压施加到阳极和阴极的阳极经过预定时间后，液压泵被停用 并且阴极室已被中断。

公开(公告)号：US5549798A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

申请号：US409306

申请日：1995-03-24

Applicant: Hiroshi Kitajima ,  Hidemitsu Aoki ,  Haruto Hamano ,  Makoto Morita ,  Yoshimi Shiramizu ,  Masaharu Nakamori ,  Kaori Watanabe ,  Hirofumi Seo ,  Yuji Shimizu ,  Makoto Iuchi ,  Yasushi Sasaki ,  Nahomi Ohta

Inventor： Hiroshi Kitajima ,  Hidemitsu Aoki ,  Haruto Hamano ,  Makoto Morita ,  Yoshimi Shiramizu ,  Masaharu Nakamori ,  Kaori Watanabe ,  Hirofumi Seo ,  Yuji Shimizu ,  Makoto Iuchi ,  Yasushi Sasaki ,  Nahomi Ohta

IPC: C02F1/461 ,  H01L21/00 ,  C25F7/02 ,  C25B15/02 ,  C25B15/08

CPC classification number: H01L21/67086 ,  C02F1/4618 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/4618 ,  C02F2201/46185 ,  C02F2201/4619 ,  C02F2209/04 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C02F2209/42 ,  C02F2301/066

Abstract: In a wet processing apparatus, an electrolytic cell, a first storing cell for storing anode active water of the electrolytic cell, a first processing cell for processing a target with the anode active water of the first storing cell, a second storing cell for storing cathode active water of the electrolytic cell, and a second processing cell for processing a target with the cathode active water of the second storing cell are provided. Also, a first reactivating feedback path is provided between the first processing cell and an anode region of the electrolytic cell, and a second reactivating feedback path is provided between the second processing cell and a cathode region of the electrolytic cell.

Abstract translation: 在湿式处理装置中，电解槽，用于存储电解槽的阳极活性水的第一储存池，用第一储存池的阳极活性水处理目标物的第一处理池，存储阴极的第二储存池 提供电解槽的活性水，以及用于利用第二存储单元的阴极活性水处理靶的第二处理槽。 此外，在第一处理单元和电解槽的阳极区之间设置有第一再激活反馈路径，在第二处理单元与电解槽的阴极区之间设置第二再激活反馈路径。

公开(公告)号：US5425858A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

申请号：US246692

申请日：1994-05-20

Applicant: Joseph Farmer

Inventor： Joseph Farmer

IPC: C02F1/46 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D57/02 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/48 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/50 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N30/88 ,  G01N30/96 ,  H01G11/22 ,  H01G11/30 ,  H01G11/42

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/0052 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  B01D15/36 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/4602 ,  C02F1/4696 ,  C02F2001/46119 ,  C02F2001/46123 ,  C02F2001/46128 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2001/46161 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2201/003 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/46125 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/46175 ,  C02F2209/001 ,  C02F2209/003 ,  C02F2209/02 ,  C02F2209/05 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C02F2301/028 ,  C02F2303/16 ,  G01N2030/645 ,  G01N2030/8881 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/6095 ,  Y02W10/37 ,  Y10S977/948

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for capacitive deionization and electrochemical purification and regeneration of electrodes includes two oppositely disposed, spaced-apart end plates, one at each end of the cell. Two generally identical single-sided end electrodes, are arranged one at each end of the cell, adjacent to the end plates. An insulator layer is interposed between each end plate and the adjacent end electrode. Each end electrode includes a single sheet of conductive material having a high specific surface area and sorption capacity. In the preferred embodiment, the sheet of conductive material is formed of carbon aerogel composite. The cell further includes a plurality of generally identical double-sided intermediate electrodes that are equidistally separated from each other, between the two end electrodes. As the electrolyte enters the cell, it flows through a continuous open serpentine channel defined by the electrodes, substantially parallel to the surfaces of the electrodes. By polarizing the cell, ions are removed from the electrolyte and are held in the electric double layers formed at the carbon aerogel surfaces of the electrodes. As the cell is saturated with the removed ions, the cell is regenerated electrically, thus significantly minimizing secondary wastes.

Abstract translation: 用于电容去离子和电化学纯化和电极再生的电化学电池包括两个相对布置的间隔开的端板，在电池的每个端部一个。 两个大致相同的单面端电极在电池的每个端部一个排列，邻近端板。 在每个端板和相邻的端电极之间插入绝缘体层。 每个端电极包括具有高比表面积和吸附能力的单片导电材料。 在优选实施例中，导电材料片由碳气凝胶复合材料形成。 电池还包括在两个端电极之间彼此等距离分离的多个大致相同的双面中间电极。 当电解质进入电池时，其流过由电极限定的连续开放的蛇形通道，基本上平行于电极的表面。 通过使电池偏振，离子从电解质中除去并保持在形成在电极的碳气凝胶表面的电双层中。 当电池被去除的离子饱和时，电池被电再生，从而显着地最小化次级废物。

公开(公告)号：US5376250A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-27

申请号：US174518

申请日：1993-12-28

Applicant: Toshikatsu Hamano

Inventor： Toshikatsu Hamano

IPC: B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/52 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469

CPC classification number: B01D61/52 ,  B01D61/44 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F1/4602 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612

Abstract: A method of making water having a low salt content by desalination comprising the steps of alternately arranging pluralities of cation exchange membranes and monovalent anion selective anion exchange membranes or pluralities of anion exchange membranes and monovalent cation selective cation membranes between electrodes thereby alternately forming pluralities of the diluting cells and concentrating cells of an electrodialysis tank; feeding a salt containing water including hardly soluble salts to the plurality of diluting cells of the electrodialysis tank; feeding electricity to the electrodes; maintaining the salt concentration of the concentrated solution in the plurality of concentrating cells to a value of not less than 700 ppm; and retaining as much as possible the polyvalent anions forming the hardly soluble salts in the salt containing water.

Abstract translation: 通过脱盐制备具有低盐含量的水的方法包括以下步骤：在电极之间交替排列多个阳离子交换膜和一价阴离子选择性阴离子交换膜或多个阴离子交换膜和一价阳离子选择性阳离子膜，从而交替形成多个 稀释细胞和浓缩细胞的电渗析罐; 向电渗析罐的多个稀释细胞中加入含有难溶性盐的水; 向电极供电; 将多个浓缩细胞中浓缩溶液的盐浓度维持在不低于700ppm的值; 并且尽可能多地保留在含盐水中形成难溶的盐的多价阴离子。

公开(公告)号：US5271814A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-21

申请号：US854360

申请日：1992-03-19

Applicant: David M. A. Metzler

Inventor： David M. A. Metzler

IPC: B01D17/06 ,  B01D21/00 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F1/465

CPC classification number: C02F1/463 ,  B01D17/06 ,  B01D21/0009 ,  B03C11/00 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/465 ,  C02F2001/46128 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2201/4617 ,  C02F2209/005 ,  C02F2209/02 ,  C02F2209/03 ,  C02F2301/024 ,  C02F2301/08 ,  C02F2303/04

Abstract: A thin film electrocoagulation liquid treatment apparatus includes a nonconductive housing formed by opposite top and bottom walls, opposite side walls, and tubular end members with slots therethrough which define a treatment chamber. Pluralities of elongated electrodes extend between the side walls and are spaced along the top and bottom walls in spaced apart interleaved relation to define a serpentine fluid treatment path. The tubular end members form fluid connections, one end member receiving liquid to be treated from a supply conduit and the other discharging the treated liquid to a discharge conduit. A DC power supply has opposite poles thereof connected respectively to the sets of electrodes in such a manner that the polarity on succeeding electrodes is opposite. The first two electrodes in the flow direction of the fluid path are preferably connected to the negative pole of the power supply. A treatment process employing the treater apparatus includes pressure differential monitoring across the treater and flow direction reversal to avoid clogging the treater and temperature differential monitoring across the treater to optimize the consumption of electrical power by the process.

Abstract translation: 薄膜电凝液处理装置包括由相对的顶壁和底壁，相对的侧壁和具有狭槽的管状端部构件形成的非导电壳体，其限定了处理室。 多个细长电极在侧壁之间延伸并且沿着顶壁和底壁以间隔开的交错关系间隔开以限定蛇形流体处理路径。 管状端部构件形成流体连接，一个端部构件从供应管道接收待处理的液体，而另一个端部构件将经处理的液体排出到排出管道。 直流电源具有相反的极点，分别连接到电极组，使得后续电极的极性相反。 流体路径的流动方向上的前两个电极优选地连接到电源的负极。 使用处理设备的处理过程包括跨处理器和流动方向反转的压力差监测，以避免堵塞处理器处的处理器和温度差异监控，以优化该过程对电力的消耗。

公开(公告)号：US4946574A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

申请号：US405203

申请日：1989-09-11

Applicant: Chun-Ew Lin

Inventor： Chun-Ew Lin

IPC: C02F1/32 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F9/00

CPC classification number: C02F1/4618 ,  C02F1/32 ,  C02F2001/4619 ,  C02F2103/026 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/4617 ,  C02F2209/42 ,  C02F9/00

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of sterilized and calcium-ion water includes: a housing structure; an electrolytic cell with electrical terminals and electrodes installed in the housing structure; a plurality of electromagnetic valves separately provided at a water-intake pipe and a water-drain pipe in communication with the electrolytic cell; a setting switch disposed in the housing structure and electrically coupled with the electrolytic cell for adjusting the current intensity of electrolysis therewith; a hydraulic-pressure switch provided at a water pressure pipe for the control of the water-level in the electrolytic cell; an ultraviolet sterilizing tank connected to the electrolytic cell for sterilizing the electrolyzed water; and a control circuit respectively coupled with the electrolytic cell, the electromagnetic valves and the setting and hydraulic switches; whereby, calcium-ion water can be effectively produced for drinking purposes.

Abstract translation: 一种用于生产灭菌和钙离子水的设备包括：壳体结构; 具有安装在所述壳体结构中的电端子和电极的电解池; 分别设置在与电解槽连通的吸水管和排水管上的多个电磁阀; 设置在所述壳体结构中并与所述电解槽电连接以便调节所述电解电流的电流强度; 设置在水压管上的用于控制电解槽中的水位的液压开关; 紫外线杀菌槽与电解槽连接，对电解水进行杀菌; 以及分别与所述电解槽，所述电磁阀和所述设定和液压开关连接的控制电路; 由此，为了饮用目的，可以有效地制造钙离子水。

公开(公告)号：US4925541A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-15

申请号：US908913

申请日：1986-09-18

Applicant: Anthony J. Giuffrida ,  Anil D. Jha ,  Gary C. Ganzi

Inventor： Anthony J. Giuffrida ,  Anil D. Jha ,  Gary C. Ganzi

IPC: B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469

CPC classification number: C02F1/4695 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2209/05

Abstract: An electrodeionization apparatus and process are provided for removing ions from liquids. Liquid to be purified is passed through depleting compartments containing mixed anion and cation exchange resin beads while a second liquid is passed through concentrating compartments free of ion exchange resin beads. Ions, under influence of a D.C. potential, pass from the depleting compartments into the concentrating compartments through ion permeable membranes. The beads in the depleting compartments are housed within subcompartments of controlled width and thickness and are retained therein by the ion permeable membranes which are secured to the wall of the subcompartments.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于从液体中去除离子的电去离子装置和方法。 待纯化的液体通过含有混合阴离子和阳离子交换树脂珠的耗尽室，而第二液体通过不含离子交换树脂珠的浓缩室。 在直流电位的影响下，离子通过离子渗透膜从耗尽室转移到浓缩室中。 消耗隔间中的珠容纳在受控宽度和厚度的子隔室内，并通过固定到子隔室的壁的离子渗透膜保持在其中。