公开(公告)号：US07816554B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-19

申请号：US10577374

申请日：2004-10-18

Applicant: David M. Sutton ,  Graham Reed ,  Andrew G. Hiles

Inventor： David M. Sutton ,  Graham Reed ,  Andrew G. Hiles

IPC: C07C67/00

CPC classification number: C07C29/177 ,  C07C67/08 ,  C07C31/207 ,  C07C69/60

Abstract: A process for the production of carboxylic acid esters by reaction of a carboxylic acid selected from mono-, di- and polycarboxylic acids, with an alcohol in the presence of water of solution comprising the steps of: (a) providing a solution comprising the carboxylic acid and the water of solution; (b) reacting the solution of the carboxylic acid in an esterification zone with an alcohol to form an ester and water of esterification; (c) removing the water of solution and the water of esterification; and (d) recovering the ester.

Abstract translation: 在选自单羧酸，二羧酸和多羧酸的羧酸与醇在溶液水存在下反应制备羧酸酯的方法，包括以下步骤：（a）提供包含羧酸的溶液 酸和水溶液; （b）将酯化反应中的羧酸溶液与醇反应，形成酯化的酯和水; （c）除去溶液中的水和酯化水; 和（d）回收酯。

公开(公告)号：US07221825B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-22

申请号：US10540618

申请日：2003-12-23

Applicant: Graham Reed ,  Goran Masanovic ,  Vittorio Passaro

Inventor： Graham Reed ,  Goran Masanovic ,  Vittorio Passaro

IPC: G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/10

CPC classification number: G02B6/125 ,  G02B6/12002 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B2006/12147

Abstract: An optical coupler comprises an input waveguide, an intermediate waveguide, an output waveguide, a first grating situated between the input and intermediate waveguides, and a second grating situated between the intermediate and output waveguides such that, in use, light propagating in the input waveguide is coupled into the intermediate waveguide with the assistance of the first grating, and thence is coupled into the output waveguide with the assistance of the second grating. The coupler is a directional coupler, in particular a dual grating-assisted directional coupler, and may be used to couple light between an optical fibre and an integrated semiconductor device, or between dissimilar waveguides.

Abstract translation: 光耦合器包括输入波导，中间波导，输出波导，位于输入和中间波导之间的第一光栅，以及位于中间和输出波导之间的第二光栅，使得在使用中，在输入波导中传播的光 在第一光栅的帮助下耦合到中间波导中，然后借助于第二光栅耦合到输出波导中。 耦合器是定向耦合器，特别是双光栅辅助定向耦合器，并且可以用于在光纤和集成半导体器件之间或在不同波导之间耦合光。

公开(公告)号：US10322988B2

公开(公告)日：2019-06-18

申请号：US14343284

申请日：2012-08-21

Applicant: Graham Reed ,  Paul Gordon

Inventor： Graham Reed ,  Paul Gordon

IPC: C07C29/90 ,  C07C29/84 ,  C07C29/80 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14

Abstract: A crude product stream of 1,4-butandiol and one or more of γ-butyrolactone, 2-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran, 4-hydroxybutyl(4-hydroxybutyrate), and 3-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran is supplied to a first distillation column. A side-draw of 1,4-butanediol and light components is removed, with the light components including at least some of those produced by reaction in the first distillation column. The stream is passed to a hydrogenation zone and subjected to hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. A 1,4-butanediol product stream having a reduced content of 2-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran is recovered and passed to a second distillation column operated such that (4-hyroxybutyl)-4-hydroxybutyrate is removed as a bottom stream and a 1,4-butanediol stream is removed as overhead. The overhead stream removed is passed to a third distillation column and a purified 1,4-butanediol stream is recovered.

公开(公告)号：US20050175305A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-11

申请号：US10775737

申请日：2004-02-10

Applicant: Ansheng Liu ,  Richard Jones ,  Mario Paniccia ,  Graham Reed

Inventor： Ansheng Liu ,  Richard Jones ,  Mario Paniccia ,  Graham Reed

IPC: G02F1/025 ,  G02B6/10

CPC classification number: G02F1/025 ,  G02F2203/06

Abstract: An apparatus and method for modulating a phase of optical beam independent of polarization. In one embodiment, an apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention includes a first region of an optical waveguide disposed in semiconductor material, the first region having a first conductivity type, and a second region of the optical waveguide disposed in the semiconductor material, the second region having a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type. The apparatus also includes a substantially V shaped insulating region disposed between the first and second regions of the optical waveguide, wherein a vertex of the substantially V shaped insulating region forms an intersecting line that is substantially parallel to an optical path of an optical beam to be directed through the optical waveguide.

Abstract translation: 用于独立于偏振调制光束的相位的装置和方法。 在一个实施例中，根据本发明的实施例的装置包括设置在半导体材料中的光波导的第一区域，具有第一导电类型的第一区域和设置在半导体材料中的光波导的第二区域， 第二区域具有与第一导电类型相反的第二导电类型。 该装置还包括设置在光波导的第一和第二区域之间的基本为V形的绝缘区域，其中大致V形的绝缘区域的顶点形成基本上平行于光束的光路的相交线， 引导通过光波导。

公开(公告)号：US09684194B2

公开(公告)日：2017-06-20

申请号：US14475280

申请日：2014-09-02

Applicant: Frederic Gardes ,  David Thomson ,  Graham Reed

Inventor： Frederic Gardes ,  David Thomson ,  Graham Reed

IPC: H01L21/84 ,  G02F1/025 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B6/12

CPC classification number: G02F1/025 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B2006/12097 ,  G02B2006/12142 ,  G02B2006/12176

Abstract: An electro-optic device, comprising a layer of light-carrying material; and a rib, projecting from the layer of light-carrying material, for guiding optical signals propagating through the device. The layer of light-carrying material comprises a first doped region of a first type extending into the rib, and a second doped region of a second, different type extending into the rib such that a pn junction is formed within the rib. The pn junction extends substantially parallel to at least two contiguous faces of the rib, resulting in a more efficient device. In addition, a self-aligned fabrication process can be used in order to simplify the fabrication process and increase reliability and yield.

公开(公告)号：US09547187B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-17

申请号：US14588603

申请日：2015-01-02

Applicant: David Thomson ,  Frederic Gardes ,  Graham Reed

Inventor： David Thomson ,  Frederic Gardes ,  Graham Reed

IPC: G02B6/10 ,  G02F1/025 ,  G02B6/134 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02F1/015 ,  G02B6/12

CPC classification number: G02F1/025 ,  G02B6/134 ,  G02B6/1347 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B2006/12173 ,  G02F2001/0152 ,  G02F2201/063

Abstract: An electro-optic device, comprising an insulating layer and a layer light-carrying material adjacent the insulating layer. The layer of light-carrying material, such as silicon, comprises a first doped region of a first type and a second doped region of a second, different type abutting the first doped region to form a pn junction. The first doped region has a first thickness at the junction, and the second doped region has a second thickness at the junction, the first thickness being greater than the second thickness, defining a waveguide rib in the first doped region for propagating optical signals. Since the position of the junction coincides with the sidewall of the waveguide rib a self-aligned process can be used in order to simplify the fabrication process and increase yield.

Abstract translation: 一种电光器件，包括绝缘层和邻近绝缘层的层轻载体材料。 载光材料层，例如硅，包括第一类型的第一掺杂区域和与第一掺杂区域邻接以形成pn结的第二不同类型的第二掺杂区域。 所述第一掺杂区在所述结处具有第一厚度，并且所述第二掺杂区在所述结处具有第二厚度，所述第一厚度大于所述第二厚度，在所述第一掺杂区中限定用于传播光信号的波导肋。 由于结的位置与波导肋的侧壁重合，所以可以使用自对准的工艺来简化制造工艺并提高产量。

公开(公告)号：US20140350308A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-27

申请号：US14343284

申请日：2012-08-21

Applicant: Graham Reed ,  Paul Gordon

Inventor： Graham Reed ,  Paul Gordon

IPC: C07C29/90 ,  C07C29/84

CPC classification number: C07C29/90 ,  B01D3/002 ,  B01D3/009 ,  B01D3/14 ,  C07C29/80 ,  C07C29/84 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C31/207

Abstract: A crude product stream of 1,4-butandiol and one or more of γ-butyrolactone, 2-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran, 4-hydroxybutyl(4-hydroxybutyrate), and 3-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran is supplied to a first distillation column. A side-draw of 1,4-butanediol and light components is removed, with the light components including at least some of those produced by reaction in the first distillation column. The stream is passed to a hydrogenation zone and subjected to hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. A 1,4-butanediol product stream having a reduced content of 2-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran is recovered and passed to a second distillation column operated such that (4-hyroxybutyl)-4-hydroxybutyrate is removed as a bottom stream and a 1,4-butanediol stream is removed as overhead. The overhead stream removed is passed to a third distillation column and a purified 1,4-butanediol stream is recovered.

Abstract translation: 提供1,4-丁二醇和一种或多种γ-丁内酯，2-（4-羟基丁氧基） - 四氢呋喃，4-羟基丁基（4-羟基丁酸酯）和3-（4-羟基丁氧基） - 四氢呋喃的粗产物流 到第一蒸馏塔。 除去1,4-丁二醇和轻组分的侧馏分，其中轻组分包括通过第一蒸馏塔中反应生成的至少一些组分。 将该物流送入氢化区，并在氢化催化剂存在下进行氢化。 回收具有降低的2-（4-羟基丁氧基） - 四氢呋喃含量的1,4-丁二醇产物流并通入第二蒸馏塔，其操作为使得（4-羟基丁基）-4-羟基丁酸酯作为底部流除去， 1,4-丁二醇流作为塔顶除去。 将去除的塔顶馏出物流送入第三蒸馏塔，回收纯化的1,4-丁二醇物流。

公开(公告)号：US20130058606A1

公开(公告)日：2013-03-07

申请号：US13574576

申请日：2011-01-20

Applicant: David Thomson ,  Frederic Gardes ,  Graham Reed

Inventor： David Thomson ,  Frederic Gardes ,  Graham Reed

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  H01L21/02

CPC classification number: G02F1/025 ,  G02B6/134 ,  G02B6/1347 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B2006/12173 ,  G02F2001/0152 ,  G02F2201/063

Abstract: An electro-optic device, comprising an insulating layer and a layer of light-carrying material adjacent the insulating layer. The layer of light-carrying material, such as silicon, comprises a first doped region of a first type and a second doped region of a second, different type abutting the first doped region to form a pn junction. The first doped region has a first thickness at the junction, and the second doped region has a second thickness at the junction, the first thickness being greater than the second thickness, defining a waveguide rib in the first doped region for propagating optical signals. Since the position of the junction coincides with the sidewall of the waveguide rib a self-aligned process can be used in order to simplify the fabrication process and increase yield.

公开(公告)号：US20120294563A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-22

申请号：US13476279

申请日：2012-05-21

Applicant: David Thomson ,  Frederic Gardes ,  Graham Reed

Inventor： David Thomson ,  Frederic Gardes ,  Graham Reed

IPC: G02F1/035

CPC classification number: G02F1/025 ,  G02F1/015 ,  G02F2001/0152

Abstract: The present invention provides an electro-optic modulator and an optical communication system in which a wider signal electrode may be used without affecting the characteristic impedance of the device or the efficiency of the optical modulation. In embodiments of the invention, asymmetric coplanar electrodes are provided such that the gap between the signal electrode and one reference electrode may be optimized for the optical waveguide and the semiconductor section surrounding it, and the gap between the signal electrode and the other reference electrode may be optimized for a particular characteristic impedance.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种电光调制器和光通信系统，其中可以使用更宽的信号电极而不影响器件的特性阻抗或光调制的效率。 在本发明的实施例中，提供非对称共面电极，使得信号电极和一个参考电极之间的间隙可以针对光波导和围绕它​​的半导体部分进行优化，并且信号电极与另一参考电极之间的间隙 针对特定阻抗进行优化。