公开(公告)号：US08402789B2

公开(公告)日：2013-03-26

申请号：US13592845

申请日：2012-08-23

Applicant: Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

Inventor： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC: C03C25/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

Abstract: A method of producing a thermally stable grating allows the grating to be placed in environments where temperatures reach 1000° C. These gratings may be concatenated so as to form a sensor array. The method requires a step of lowering the characteristic intensity threshold of a waveguide by at least 25%, followed by irradiating the waveguide with femtosecond pulses of light having a sufficient intensity and for a sufficient duration to write the grating so that at least 60% of the grating remains after exposures of at least 10 hours at a temperature of at least 1000° C. Pre-writing a Type I grating before writing a minimal damage Type II grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide so that a stable low damage type II grating can be written; alternatively providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded waveguide before writing the grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide.

Abstract translation: 制造热稳定光栅的方法允许将光栅置于温度达到1000℃的环境中。这些光栅可以被级联以便形成传感器阵列。 该方法需要将波导的特征强度阈值降低至少25％的步骤，随后用具有足够强度的飞秒脉冲照射波导并持续足够的持续时间来写入光栅，使得至少60％的 在至少1000℃的温度下，光栅保持至少10小时的曝光。在写入最小损伤II型光栅之前预写I型光栅降低了波导的特征阈值，使得稳定的低损伤II型 光栅可写; 或者在写入光栅之前提供加氢或氘负载的波导降低波导的特征阈值。

公开(公告)号：US07515792B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-07

申请号：US11683070

申请日：2007-03-07

Applicant: Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Xiaoli Dai

Inventor： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC: G02B6/34

CPC classification number: G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/13

Abstract: A method of increasing the refractive index in a photosensitive glass is disclosed so as to induce an refractive index change of at least 10−5 within a region of the glass. The method includes the step of providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded doped glass material wherein a dopant within the glass is photosensitive to infrared radiation in the presence of hydrogen or deuterium. The hydrogen or deuterium loaded doped glass is subsequently irradiated with femtosecond pulses of infrared light having an intensity of at least 109 W/cm2 and less than 5×1013 W/cm2.

Abstract translation: 公开了增加感光玻璃中的折射率的方法，以便在玻璃的区域内引起至少10-5的折射率变化。 该方法包括提供氢或氘负载的掺杂玻璃材料的步骤，其中玻璃内的掺杂剂在氢或氘的存在下对红外辐射感光。 随后用强度为至少109W / cm 2且小于5×1013W / cm 2的红外光的飞秒脉冲照射加载氢或氘的掺杂玻璃。

公开(公告)号：US07379643B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-27

申请号：US11243193

申请日：2005-10-05

Applicant: Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher Smelser ,  Robert Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  George Henderson ,  Xiaoli Dai

Inventor： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher Smelser ,  Robert Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  George Henderson ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC: G02B6/04

CPC classification number: G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/02147

Abstract: A retro-reflective sensor for sensing mechanical, chemical or temperature related information, is disclosed. The sensor is formed of an optical waveguide suitable for use in-situ in a high temperature environment having a Bragg grating written into a core region thereof with short-pulsed electromagnetic radiation, said optical waveguide having a glass transition temperature substantially higher than that of silica. Preferably the sensor is written into a length of sapphire fiber or within a zirconium waveguide. Preferably the pulse duration of the short pulsed electromagnetic radiation is less than 500 picoseconds.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于感测机械，化学或温度相关信息的回射传感器。 传感器由适合在高温环境中原位使用的光波导形成，其中布拉格光栅用短脉冲电磁辐射写入其核心区域，所述光波导的玻璃化转变温度明显高于二氧化硅 。 优选地，传感器被写入蓝宝石光纤的长度或在锆波导内。 优选地，短脉冲电磁辐射的脉冲持续时间小于500皮秒。

公开(公告)号：US07031571B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-18

申请号：US10803890

申请日：2004-03-19

Applicant: Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher Smelser ,  Robert Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  George Henderson ,  Xiaoli Dai

Inventor： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher Smelser ,  Robert Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  George Henderson ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC: G02B6/34

CPC classification number: G02B6/02138 ,  G02B5/1857 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/124

Abstract: A novel Bragg grating filter in optical waveguiding fiber with suppressed cladding mode coupling and method of producing same is disclosed. The novel grating structure is induced in both the core and the cladding of the optical fiber irrespective of the photosensitivity of the core or cladding to actinic radiation. Such core and cladding of the optical fiber need not be chemically doped to support the grating. The method incorporates an ultra short duration pulse laser source. Electromagnetic radiation provided from the laser propagates to a diffractive element positioned a specific distance to the target material such that the diffracted electromagnetic radiation forms a 2-beam interference pattern, the peaks of which are sufficiently intense to cause a change in index of refraction.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有抑制包层模耦合的光波导纤维中的新型布拉格光栅滤波器及其制造方法。 不管芯或包层对光化辐射的光敏性如何，在光纤的芯和包层中都引入新颖的光栅结构。 光纤的这种芯和包层不需要化学掺杂以支持光栅。 该方法结合了超短脉冲激光源。 从激光器提供的电磁辐射传播到与目标材料相距特定距离的衍射元件，使得衍射的电磁辐射形成2光束干涉图案，其峰值足够强以引起折射率的变化。

公开(公告)号：US20050232541A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-20

申请号：US11104545

申请日：2005-04-13

Applicant: Stephen Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher Smelser ,  Robert Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  George Henderson ,  Xiaoli Dai

Inventor： Stephen Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher Smelser ,  Robert Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  George Henderson ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC: G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/34

CPC classification number: G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/02133 ,  G02B6/02142 ,  G02B6/02147

Abstract: A retro-reflective sensor for sensing mechanical, chemical or temperature related information, is disclosed. The sensor is formed of an optical waveguide suitable for use in-situ in a high temperature environment having a Bragg grating written into a core region thereof with short-pulsed electromagnetic radiation, said optical waveguide having a glass transition temperature substantially higher than that of silica. Preferably the sensor is written into a length of sapphire fiber or within a zirconium waveguide. Preferably the pulse duration of the short pulsed electromagnetic radiation is less than 500 picoseconds.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于感测机械，化学或温度相关信息的回射传感器。 传感器由适合在高温环境中原位使用的光波导形成，其中布拉格光栅用短脉冲电磁辐射写入其核心区域，所述光波导的玻璃化转变温度明显高于二氧化硅 。 优选地，传感器被写入蓝宝石光纤的长度或在锆波导内。 优选地，短脉冲电磁辐射的脉冲持续时间小于500皮秒。

公开(公告)号：US20120324959A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-27

申请号：US13592845

申请日：2012-08-23

Applicant: Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

Inventor： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC: C03B37/01 ,  G02B6/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

Abstract: A method of producing a thermally stable grating allows the grating to be placed in environments where temperatures reach 1000° C. These gratings may be concatenated so as to form a sensor array. The method requires a step of lowering the characteristic intensity threshold of a waveguide by at least 25%, followed by irradiating the waveguide with femtosecond pulses of light having a sufficient intensity and for a sufficient duration to write the grating so that at least 60% of the grating remains after exposures of at least 10 hours at a temperature of at least 1000° C. Pre-writing a Type I grating before writing a minimal damage Type II grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide so that a stable low damage type II grating can be written; alternatively providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded waveguide before writing the grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide.

Abstract translation: 制造热稳定光栅的方法允许将光栅置于温度达到1000℃的环境中。这些光栅可以被级联以便形成传感器阵列。 该方法需要将波导的特征强度阈值降低至少25％的步骤，随后用具有足够强度的飞秒脉冲照射波导并持续足够的持续时间来写入光栅，使得至少60％的 在至少1000℃的温度下，光栅保持至少10小时的曝光。在写入最小损伤II型光栅之前预写I型光栅降低了波导的特征阈值，使得稳定的低损伤II型 光栅可写; 或者在写入光栅之前提供加氢或氘负载的波导降低波导的特征阈值。

公开(公告)号：US07689087B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-30

申请号：US12169920

申请日：2008-07-09

Applicant: Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta

Inventor： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC: G02B6/10

CPC classification number: G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

Abstract: A method of inducing birefringence in an optical waveguide is disclosed wherein the waveguide cladding is irradiated with energy of a sufficient intensity so as to induce a stress in the optical waveguide so as to cause a multitude of spaced stress induced regions within the cladding of the optical waveguide such that there are 10 to 5000 spaced regions per mm and wherein the stress induced regions are proximate the core greater than 2 microns distance from the core-cladding interface. This waveguide has numerous uses, for example a fiber sensor.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种在光波导中引发双折射的方法，其中用足够强度的能量照射波导包层，以便在光波导中引起应力，从而在光学器件的包层内产生多个间隔开的应力感应区域 波导，使得每mm具有10至5000个间隔的区域，并且其中应力诱导区域距核心 - 包层界面的距离大于2微米的核心附近。 该波导具有许多用途，例如光纤传感器。

公开(公告)号：US07483615B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-27

申请号：US11678844

申请日：2007-02-26

Applicant: Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

Inventor： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC: G02B6/032

CPC classification number: G02B6/02376 ,  C03B37/15 ,  C03C23/0025 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02147 ,  G02B6/02152 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/2552

Abstract: Fiber Bragg gratings were written in pure silica photonic crystal fibers and photonic crystal fiber tapers with 125 fs, 800 nm IR radiation. High reflectivites were achieved with short exposure times in the tapers. Both multimode and single mode grating reflections were achieved in the fiber tapers. By tapering the photonic crystal fibers scattering that would otherwise have occurred was lessened and light external to the fiber could reach the core effectively to write a grating.

Abstract translation: 光纤布拉格光栅是用纯硅石光子晶体光纤和光子晶体光纤锥度写成，具有125 fs，800 nm的红外辐射。 实现了高反射率，在锥度上的曝光时间短。 在光纤锥度中实现了多模和单模光栅反射。 通过使光子晶体光纤渐缩，否则将发生的散射减弱，并且纤维外部的光可以有效地到达核心以写入光栅。

公开(公告)号：US20070201802A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-30

申请号：US11678844

申请日：2007-02-26

Applicant: Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

Inventor： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC: G02B6/02

CPC classification number: G02B6/02376 ,  C03B37/15 ,  C03C23/0025 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02147 ,  G02B6/02152 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/2552

Abstract: Fiber Bragg gratings were written in pure silica photonic crystal fibers and photonic crystal fiber tapers with 125 fs, 800 nm IR radiation. High reflectivites were achieved with short exposure times in the tapers. Both multimode and single mode grating reflections were achieved in the fiber tapers. By tapering the photonic crystal fibers scattering that would otherwise have occurred was lessened and light external to the fiber could reach the core effectively to write a grating.

Abstract translation: 光纤布拉格光栅是用纯硅石光子晶体光纤和光子晶体光纤锥度写成，具有125 fs，800 nm的红外辐射。 实现了高反射率，在锥度上的曝光时间短。 在光纤锥度中实现了多模和单模光栅反射。 通过使光子晶体光纤渐缩，否则将发生的散射减弱，并且纤维外部的光可以有效地到达核心以写入光栅。