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    Process for producing porous polymer materials
    11.
    发明授权
    Process for producing porous polymer materials 有权
    生产多孔聚合物材料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06436426B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

    申请号：US09870370

    申请日：2001-05-30

    Applicant: Chun-Jen Liao ,  Chin-Fu Chen ,  Jui-Hsiang Chen ,  Ken-Yuan Chang ,  Yure-Ru Lin ,  Shu-Fang Chiang

    Inventor： Chun-Jen Liao ,  Chin-Fu Chen ,  Jui-Hsiang Chen ,  Ken-Yuan Chang ,  Yure-Ru Lin ,  Shu-Fang Chiang

    IPC: A61F200

    CPC classification number: C08J9/26 ,  C08J2201/0444 ,  C08J2201/046 ,  C08J2201/0542

    Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing porous polymer materials. In the present invention, a polymer material and a soluble material are mixed in their solid states. The surface of the polymer material is partially dissolved and fused by introducing a solvent. The present invention makes use of a pressure difference while introducing a non-solvent into the polymer material to solidify and resolve the solved polymer material. Then, a substantial amount of water is used to wash the inside soluble material out. Therefore, the porous polymer materials with high porosity and interconnecting pores inside the materials are produced massively and rapidly.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种生产多孔聚合物材料的方法。 在本发明中，将聚合物材料和可溶性材料以其固态混合。 通过引入溶剂将聚合物材料的表面部分溶解并熔融。 本发明利用压力差，同时将非溶剂引入聚合物材料中以固化和分解溶解的聚合物材料。 然后，大量的水被用来洗涤内部的可溶性材料。 因此，材料内部具有高孔隙率和互连孔的多孔聚合物材料大量且快速地产生。

    Nanoporous polymer films for extreme low and interlayer dielectrics
    12.
    发明授权
    Nanoporous polymer films for extreme low and interlayer dielectrics 失效
    用于极低和层间电介质的纳米多孔聚合物膜

    公开(公告)号：US06187248B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-02-13

    申请号：US09196452

    申请日：1998-11-19

    Applicant: Mark Leonard O'Neill ,  Lloyd Mahlon Robeson ,  William Franklin Burgoyne, Jr. ,  Michael Langsam

    Inventor： Mark Leonard O'Neill ,  Lloyd Mahlon Robeson ,  William Franklin Burgoyne, Jr. ,  Michael Langsam

    IPC: B29C3508

    CPC classification number: H01L21/02118 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C08J2201/0502 ,  C08J2201/0542 ,  H01B3/306 ,  H01B3/42 ,  H01B3/427 ,  H01B3/442 ,  H01L21/02203 ,  H01L21/02282 ,  H01L21/312 ,  H01L21/31695

    Abstract: A process for producing a nanoporous polymer film of no greater than 10 micron thickness having low dielectric constant value, including the steps of: (a) providing a polymer in a solution with at least two solvents for the polymer in which a lowest boiling solvent and a highest boiling solvent have a difference in their respective boiling points of approximately 50° C. or greater; (b) forming a film of the polymer in solution with at least the two solvents on a substrate; (c) removing a predominant amount of the lowest boiling solvent; (d) contacting the film with a fluid which is a non-solvent for the polymer, but which is miscible with the at least two solvents to induce phase inversion in the film; (e) forming an average pore size in the film in the range of less than 30 nanometers. The present invention is also nanoporous films made by the above process.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于制备具有低介电常数值的不大于10微米厚度的纳米多孔聚合物膜的方法，包括以下步骤：（a）在聚合物中提供聚合物至少两种溶剂，其中最低沸点溶剂和 最高沸点溶剂的沸点相差约为50℃以上; （b）在基材上用至少两种溶剂在溶液中形成聚合物膜; （c）除去主要量的最低沸点溶剂; （d）使膜与用于聚合物的非溶剂的流体接触，但与至少两种溶剂可混溶以在膜中诱导相转化; （e）在小于30纳米的范围内形成膜中的平均孔径。本发明还是通过上述方法制备的纳米多孔膜。

    Highly porous compressible polymeric powders
    13.
    发明授权
    Highly porous compressible polymeric powders 失效
    高度多孔的可压缩聚合物粉末

    公开(公告)号：US5147895A

    公开(公告)日：1992-09-15

    申请号：US810611

    申请日：1991-12-19

    Applicant: O. Richard Hughes ,  Dieter Kurschus

    Inventor： O. Richard Hughes ,  Dieter Kurschus

    IPC: B01J19/26 ,  C08J3/12 ,  C08J9/28

    CPC classification number: B01J19/26 ,  C08J3/122 ,  C08J9/28 ,  B01J2219/00184 ,  C08J2201/0542 ,  C08J2207/04

    Abstract: A process for forming polymer powders by dissolving one or more polymers in a suitable solvent, followed by atomizing the solution into a droplet atmosphere of a non-solvent to precipitate polymer particles. The particles are separated from the non-solvent, washed and dried to produce a powder with a rounded particle morphology, high internal porosity and surface area, and high apparent density.Polymer powders with these properties can be pressed to dense shaped articles suitable for sintering in automated presses because the powders have good low and compressibility characteristics. The process if particularly useful when applied to soluble polymners that are not readily shaped by melt processing means.

    Abstract translation: 通过将一种或多种聚合物溶解在合适的溶剂中形成聚合物粉末的方法，然后将溶液雾化成非溶剂的液滴气氛以沉淀聚合物颗粒。 将颗粒与非溶剂分离，洗涤并干燥以产生具有圆形颗粒形态，高内部孔隙率和表面积以及高表观密度的粉末。 具有这些性能的聚合物粉末可以压制成适合于自动压力机中烧结的致密成形制品，因为粉末具有良好的低和可压缩特性。 该方法在应用于不容易通过熔融加工装置成型的可溶性聚合物时特别有用。

    Novel basic cross-linked polymers
    15.
    发明授权
    Novel basic cross-linked polymers 失效
    新型基本交联聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US4311799A

    公开(公告)日：1982-01-19

    申请号：US54055

    申请日：1979-07-02

    Applicant: Tetsuya Miyake ,  Kunihiko Takeda ,  Akihiko Ikeda

    Inventor： Tetsuya Miyake ,  Kunihiko Takeda ,  Akihiko Ikeda

    IPC: C08F12/00 ,  B01J41/14 ,  C08F8/44 ,  C08F212/00 ,  C08F212/14 ,  C08F212/34 ,  C08F212/36 ,  C08F236/00 ,  C08F236/04 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C08F112/08 ,  B01J39/20

    CPC classification number: C08J9/286 ,  B01J41/14 ,  C08F212/14 ,  C08F212/36 ,  C08F8/44 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C08J2201/0542

    Abstract: A basic copolymer whose main chain is cross-linked which comprises about 6 to about 98% by weight of recurring units of Formula (A) or (B), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-20 alkyl groups, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl groups, C.sub.3-8 alkenyl groups, C.sub.6-15 aryl groups, C.sub.7-12 arylalkyl groups and C.sub.1-15 aminoalkyl groups; and X is an acid radical, and about 2 to about 94% by weight of cross-linked units based on the total weight of the recurring units of Formula (A) or (B) and the cross-linked units and, if desired, up to about 92% by weight of units of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer or a conjugated monomer based on the total weight of the recurring units of Formula (A) or (B), the cross-linked units and the units of the monoethylenically unsaturated monomer or the conjugated monomer.

    Abstract translation: 其主链交联的基本共聚物，其包含约6至约98重量％的式（A）或（B），（IMA）（A）或（B）的重复单元，其中R1，R2 和R 3可以相同或不同，表示氢原子或选自C 1-20烷基，C 3-10环烷基，C 3-8烯基，C 6-15芳基， C7-12芳基烷基和C1-15氨基烷基; 和X为酸基，约2至约94重量％的基于式（A）或（B）的重复单元和交联单元的总重量的交联单元，如果需要， 基于式（A）或（B）的重复单元的总重量，高达约92重量％的单烯属不饱和单体或共轭单体的单元，单烯属不饱和单体的交联单元和单元 或共轭单体。

    Method for producing porous structures from synthetic polymers
    19.
    发明授权
    Method for producing porous structures from synthetic polymers 有权
    从合成聚合物制备多孔结构的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08999211B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-04-07

    申请号：US12867040

    申请日：2009-02-11

    Applicant: Stefan Schwiegk ,  Axel Wilms ,  Ronald Frans Maria Lange ,  Michael Siemer ,  Giovanni D'Andola ,  Volker Rauschenberger ,  Frank Hermanutz ,  Frank Gaehr ,  Julien Courtois ,  Dirk Gerhard

    Inventor： Stefan Schwiegk ,  Axel Wilms ,  Ronald Frans Maria Lange ,  Michael Siemer ,  Giovanni D'Andola ,  Volker Rauschenberger ,  Frank Hermanutz ,  Frank Gaehr ,  Julien Courtois ,  Dirk Gerhard

    IPC: D01D5/06 ,  D01D5/247 ,  C08J9/28 ,  B29C67/20

    CPC classification number: C08J9/28 ,  B29C67/202 ,  C08J2201/0542 ,  C08J2377/00 ,  Y10T428/249976

    Abstract: A process for producing porous structures from polyamide by dissolving the polyamide in an ionic liquid and precipitating or coagulating the dissolved polyamide by contacting the solution with a liquid precipitant medium. Fibers are produced from the dissolved polyamide in a wet-spinning process by precipitation in protic solvents, in particular water, a C1-4-alkanol or mixtures thereof, and subsequent freeze-drying. Foils, films or coatings are produced by blade coating the dissolved polyamide onto a substrate surface, optionally spraying with protic solvent, in particular water, a C1-4-alcohol or mixtures thereof, dipping into a precipitation or coagulation bath, freeze-drying of the resulting foil, of the film or of the coated substrate. Molded parts are prepared by extracting the dissolved polyamide with protic solvents, preferably water, a C1-4-alcohol or mixtures thereof, wherein the dissolved polymer is transformed to a solid or wax-like state by cooling and extracted after subsequent molding.

    Abstract translation: 通过将聚酰胺溶解在离子液体中并通过使溶液与液体沉淀剂介质接触使溶解的聚酰胺沉淀或凝结来从聚酰胺制造多孔结构的方法。 通过在质子溶剂，特别是水，C 1-4链烷醇或其混合物中沉淀，然后冷冻干燥，在湿纺丝方法中，由溶解的聚酰胺生产纤维。 通过将溶解的聚酰胺刮涂到基材表面上，任选地喷涂质子溶剂，特别是水，C1-4醇或其混合物，将其浸入沉淀或凝固浴中，冷冻干燥 所得到的箔，膜或涂覆的基底。 通过用质子溶剂，优选水，C 1-4醇或其混合物萃取溶解的聚酰胺来制备模制部件，其中通过冷却将溶解的聚合物转化为固体或蜡状状态，并在随后的模塑之后提取。

    Porous cross-linked polyimide-urea networks
    20.
    发明授权
    Porous cross-linked polyimide-urea networks 有权
    多孔交联聚酰亚胺 - 尿素网络

    公开(公告)号：US08974903B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-03-10

    申请号：US13804546

    申请日：2013-03-14

    Applicant: Ohio Aerospace Institute

    Inventor： Mary Ann B. Meador ,  Baochau N. Nguyen

    IPC: C08G63/00 ,  C08G18/38 ,  C08G18/18 ,  C08G65/38 ,  B32B7/02 ,  D02G3/00 ,  C08G73/10 ,  C08J9/00 ,  C08G18/64 ,  C08J9/28

    CPC classification number: C08G73/1046 ,  C08G18/3225 ,  C08G18/6438 ,  C08G73/101 ,  C08G73/1028 ,  C08G73/1035 ,  C08G73/1042 ,  C08G73/105 ,  C08G73/1071 ,  C08J9/00 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C08J2201/026 ,  C08J2201/0542 ,  C08J2203/06 ,  C08J2203/08 ,  C08J2205/026 ,  C08J2379/02 ,  C08L79/08 ,  Y10T428/24975 ,  Y10T428/2933

    Abstract: Porous cross-linked polyimide-urea networks are provided. The networks comprise a subunit comprising two anhydride end-capped polyamic acid oligomers in direct connection via a urea linkage. The oligomers (a) each comprise a repeating unit of a dianhydride and a diamine and a terminal anhydride group and (b) are formulated with 2 to 15 of the repeating units. The subunit was formed by reaction of the diamine and a diisocyanate to form a diamine-urea linkage-diamine group, followed by reaction of the diamine-urea linkage-diamine group with the dianhydride and the diamine to form the subunit. The subunit has been cross-linked via a cross-linking agent, comprising three or more amine groups, at a balanced stoichiometry of the amine groups to the terminal anhydride groups. The subunit has been chemically imidized to yield the porous cross-linked polyimide-urea network. Also provided are wet gels, aerogels, and thin films comprising the networks, and methods of making the networks.

    Abstract translation: 提供多孔交联聚酰亚胺 - 尿素网络。 网络包括通过尿素键直接连接的两个酸酐封端的聚酰胺酸低聚物的亚基。 低聚物（a）各自包含二酐和二胺和末端酐基团的重复单元，和（b）与2至15个重复单元配制。 通过二胺与二异氰酸酯的反应形成亚单元，形成二胺 - 脲键二胺基，二胺 - 脲键 - 二胺基与二酐和二胺反应形成亚单位。 亚基已经通过交联剂交联，所述交联剂包含三个或更多个胺基团，所述交联剂以胺基团与末端酐基团的平衡化学计量比。 该亚基已被化学酰亚胺化以产生多孔交联的聚酰亚胺 - 尿素网络。 还提供了湿凝胶，气凝胶和包含网络的薄膜以及制造网络的方法。

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