Abstract:
The invention concerns a reactor (1) for oxidizing reaction of a liquid with a gas containing oxygen divided into stages (14) by separating plates (10). The means (5-8) feeding the reactor (1) with compound to be oxidized (E1) and oxidizing gas (E2) emerge solely at the base (2a) of the reactor (1), whereas the plates (10) are provided with passage holes (12) solely compatible with a unidirectional flow (E) of the reaction medium and designed to prevent gas accumulation beneath each of the plates (10).
Abstract:
A heated catalyst support device for a reactor including a reactor vessel containing a bed of catalyst particles. The device includes a permeable support plate having a channel extending therethrough, where the support plate is adapted to contact the bed of catalyst particles. The device further includes a heating element extending through the channel in the support plate. A method for starting up a water gas shift reactor is provided that includes applying heat to the bed of catalyst particles using the heating element, measuring a temperature in the bed of catalyst particles. and starting up the water gas shift reactor when the temperature exceeds a saturation temperature for a desired operating pressure.
Abstract:
A chemical conversion reactor contains a substantially vertical catalytic bed between an upper end and a lower end and comprises, in combination: close to its upper end, at least one means for introducing a solid catalyst, means for introducing and evacuating said feed allowing its flow in a substantially horizontal direction through the catalytic bed, means for heating said feed integrated into said reactor, said reactor comprising, close to its lower end, at least one means for extraction of the catalyst, which extraction is differentiated between an upstream portion and a downstream portion of said catalytic bed, with respect to the direction of flow of said feed.
Abstract:
An apparatus for loading fibers in a fiber suspension with calcium carbonate has a housing with an inlet and an accept outlet. A rotatable distribution member is positioned within the housing. A rotor and stator assembly is positioned within the housing radially outside of the distribution member. A toothed ring is interposed between the distribution rotor and the rotor and stator assembly. The toothed ring and the rotor and stator assembly define a gas ring therebetween. A reactant gas supply is fluidly coupled with the gas ring.
Abstract:
An adjustable accumulator for delivering gases, liquids, or solids from a reservoir comprises an inner tube and a outer tube. One tube fits into the other tube to be sealingly engaged and to create a chamber in the interior. The tubes can move relative to each other to vary the space of the interior chamber. Another embodiment of the adjustable accumulator comprises the outer tube having a drum having a plurality of partitions. The drum partitions separate the drum into drum compartments. The drum partitions fit tightly against the inner tube. The drum compartments are in fluid communication with the interior of the inner tube when the inner tube is positioned such that a bottom edge of the upper tube is aligned with any drum partition that is at a higher level than the drum compartment or is between two drum partitions which form the drum compartment. The adjustable accumulator can be used to deliver vaporizable germicides to a sterilization chamber. A single adjustable accumulator can be used to deliver various amounts of vaporizable germicide to different sizes of sterilization chamber by adjusting the cumulative volume of the central chamber and outside compartments.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for improving contact between a liquid and a reactant gas by moving the liquid in a serpentine path that moves horizontally and vertically through individual chambers or stations in an elongated tank or reactor and introducing a reactant gas into the liquid in one or more of the stations or chambers as the liquid moves through the tank or reactor.
Abstract:
A pyrolysis heater particularly for the cracking of hydrocarbons in the production of olefins has a burner arrangement in the firebox which directly heats the hearth of the firebox such that it becomes a radiant surface. This improves the heat flux in the lower portion of the firebox and produces a more uniform vertical heat flux profile over the firebox elevation. The base burners may fire horizontally across the hearth or may comprise porous ceramic burners as a part of the hearth. The base burners operate along with vertically firing hearth burners and optional wall burners in the upper portion of the firebox.
Abstract:
The invented system includes a fuel-cell system comprising a fuel cell that produces electrical power from air (oxygen) and hydrogen, and a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a variety of feedstocks. One such fuel processor is a steam reformer which produces purified hydrogen from a carbon-containing feedstock and water. In the invented system, various mechanisms for implementing the cold start-up of the fuel processor are disclosed, as well as mechanisms for optimizing and/or harvesting the heat and water requirements of the system, and maintaining desired the feed ratios of feedstock to water in the fuel processor and purity of the process water used in the system.
Abstract:
In drying coal to be used as fuel for a coal-fired boiler, the coal is dried at a temperature of 80 to 150null C. by using combustion exhaust gas having passed through an air heater for the coal-fired boiler. Moreover, after medium-quality or low-quality coal is heated to a temperature of 300 to 500null C. at a heating rate of not less than 100null C. per minute and then cooled to a temperature of 250null C. or below at a cooling rate of not less than 50null C. per minute, the resulting reformed coal is cooled to a temperature of 70null C. or below and stored for 1 month or more in a state of isolation from the atmosphere. In producing the aforesaid reformed coal, the medium-quality or low-quality coal is heated by using combustion exhaust gas obtained at the outlet of an economizer included in the coal-fired boiler equipment or at the outlet of a denitrator included therein.
Abstract:
Provided is a novel method and system for preparing ultra-high-purity buffered-hydrofluoric acid or ammonium fluoride controlled concentration. The method comprises bubbling purified ammonia vapor into ultra-pure hydrofluoric acid. The inventive method and system can be used as an on-site subsystem in a semiconductor device fabrication facility for supplying the buffered-hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride to points of use in the semiconductor device fabrication facility.