Abstract:
A method of operating an electric current producing power cell comprising precharging the power cell; applying a current to heat a bi-metal heating element; applying voltages so as to cause a first cell to assume exhaust gas motion; irradiating gases in an alternate cell to force gas movement in a direction, away from a negatively charged collecting plate; producing a high internal gas temperature through molecule collisions to cause gas expansion; conducting the gas mix at high speed through a plasma discharge channel in a direction perpendicular to an impressed magnetic field; and drawing an electric current produced thereby; reversing electrical charges and repeating the process continuously in each of the alternate cells.
Abstract:
An output structure for material processing apparatus facilitates field replacement of consumable components, while maintaining important alignments. Contoured surfaces within the output structure mate with corresponding contoured surfaces on the consumable components, thereby facilitating alignment of the consumable components with an axis of the output structure. Material processing apparatus employing such surfaces include lasers and plasma arc torches and, with proper alignment, apparatus performance is improved. Typical consumable components include electrodes, swirl rings, nozzles, and shields. The consumable components can be axially translatable with respect to each other, thereby promoting contact starting of a plasma arc torch. An installation tool for consumable components also serves to align the components with an axis of the output structure.
Abstract:
A plasma processing apparatus includes a processing container 53, a mounting table 61 for supporting a semiconductor wafer W arranged in the processing container 53, an endless-and-annular antenna 73 attached to a sealing plate 55 opposing the wafer W to introduce a microwave into the container 53 through the plate 55, a propagation waveguide 81 connected to the annular antenna 73 to supply the microwave to the antenna 73, and a microwave supplier 83 connected to the propagation waveguide 81 to supply the microwave to the waveguide 81. In arrangement, the annular antenna 73 is arranged so that its part along the sealing plate 55 accords with an antinode of a standing wave of the microwave, producing an uniform plasma in the processing container 53.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to a radiation source for generating extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation based on a hot, dense plasma generated by gas discharge. The object of the invention, to find a novel possibility for the realization of an EUV radiation source which achieves a high average radiation output in the EUV region and sufficiently long life and long-term stability, is met according to the invention in that a first electrode housing and a second electrode housing which are electrically separated from one another so as to be resistant to breakdown form parts of a vacuum chamber for a gas discharge for plasma generation, and the second electrode housing has an electrode collar which is enclosed concentrically by the first electrode housing so that the gas discharge is oriented substantially only parallel to the axis of symmetry of the electrode housings, and the electrode collar is stepped radially relative to the concentric insulator layer in such a way that at least one end region of the electrode collar is at a distance from the concentric insulator layer such that a concentric gap is formed. A substantially longer operating duration is achieved by the optimized electrode geometry in conjunction with material selection and effective heat dissipation.
Abstract:
A plasma display device assembled with a base of a chassis, a plasma display panel mounted on a front side of the chassis' base substantially in parallel to the chassis' base, and a drive circuit panel mounted on the reverse side of the chassis' base opposite from the plasma display panel is provided. A front cover is positioned around the exposed front side of the plasma display panel opposite from the chassis base, and a back cover is positioned on the rear side of the chassis base opposite from the plasma display panel while completely covering the chassis base. The back cover may be constructed with separate and discrete covering elements formed by a main cover having an opening that exposes circuitry for the drive circuit panel, and at least one sub-cover removably attached to the main cover to close an access opening in the main cover.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp, having a tubular discharge vessel made from glass, the free ends of which are closed off in a gas tight manner, two electrode systems (3) each having a filament (7), two supply conductors (5, 6) and a bead (8) of glass, the ends of the supply conductors (5, 6) being fused into the ends of the discharge vessel which have been closed off in a gas tight manner and, in order to be held in a region between the filament (7) and the discharge vessel fused seal (2), into the bead (8), and a device for switching off the lamp at the end of its service life, comprising a paste (9) which contains a metal hydride and is fitted to the bead (8). According to the invention, the bead (8) consists of a glass material which has a resistivity of greater 108 nullcm at 350null C. Moreover, the paste (9) containing the metal hydride is applied to the bead (8) in the radiation shadow with respect to the thermal radiation which emanates from the filament (7) of the lamp in operation, and is not in electrical contact with the supply conductor wires (5, 6) on the bead (8).
Abstract:
A mercury capsule for use in a fluorescent lamp comprises a shell defining a chamber and a bore extending through the shell. A body of mercury is disposed in the chamber. A plug is disposed in the bore to seal the bore. The plug exhibits a melting point reached in manufacture of the fluorescent lamp, to melt from the bore to open an exit passageway for the mercury. A method for making the capsule is provided.
Abstract:
For a plasma accelerator arrangement having a toroidal plasma chamber, a novel structure of the magnetic and/or electric fields is proposed which, in particular, permits multi-stage embodiments with substantially improved efficiency.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for preventing the formation of leachable mercury in mercury arc vapor discharge lamps is provided which comprises providing in the lamp structure an effective amount of an antioxidant composition and an iron shield wherein the iron shield comprises a dose of elemental mercury.
Abstract:
An arc source macroparticle filter comprising a cathode for emitting particles, an anode for accelerating said emitted particles, means for generating a magnetic field to form magnetic walls to deflect and guide curved plasma stream for directing ions toward a substrate and separate therefrom undesirable macroparticles.