Drilling with low viscosity fluids
    195.
    发明授权
    Drilling with low viscosity fluids 失效
    用低粘度流体钻孔

    公开(公告)号:US3948782A

    公开(公告)日:1976-04-06

    申请号:US395672

    申请日:1973-09-10

    Abstract: An improved method of drilling a well is effected by circulating in the well a drilling fluid containing lamellar micelles at flow rates predetermined to produce retro-viscous behavior in the drilling fluid at noncryogenic temperatures. The composition contains 4-15% surfactant (preferably petroleum sulfonate having an average equivalent weight of 350-525), 30-70% liquid hydrocarbon, 15-66% water and optionally up to 20% cosurfactant (preferably an alcohol containing 1-20 carbon atoms) and/or electrolyte (preferably inorganic salt) and the micelles have an axial ratio of at least 3.5. Preferably, the composition has a viscosity of at least 75 cp at a shear rate of 10.sup.-.sup.1 seconds at 23.degree.C. The composition is substantially optically clear, phase stable, birefrigent, and the flow properties are such that substantially large increases in flow rates, e.g., 20-fold, can be realized at very small pressure increases, e.g., 5%. Additional additives to impart desired drilling properties can be included with the composition.

    Abstract translation: 钻井的改进方法是通过在孔中循环含有层状胶束的钻井流体来实现的,其流速预定为在非高温温度下在钻井液中产生回流粘性。 该组合物含有4-15%表面活性剂(优选平均当量重量为350-525的石油磺酸盐),30-70%液体烃,15-66%水和任选至多20%助表面活性剂(优选含有1-20 碳原子)和/或电解质(优选无机盐),并且胶束的轴向比至少为3.5。 优选地,组合物在23℃下的剪切速率为10 -1秒时具有至少75cp的粘度。组合物基本上是光学透明的,相稳定的,双重的,并且流动性能使得基本上大幅增加 在流量,例如20倍,可以在非常小的压力增加,例如5%下实现。 可以在组合物中包含赋予所需钻孔特性的其它添加剂。

    Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets
    198.
    发明授权
    Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets 失效
    模具用于挤出坯料的润滑系统

    公开(公告)号:US3907069A

    公开(公告)日:1975-09-23

    申请号:US48004774

    申请日:1974-06-17

    Applicant: ALUSUISSE

    Abstract: An extrusion die in a container wherein a plate is recessed in the die and is positioned between a billet to be extruded and the face of the die. On at least one of the adjacent faces of the die and plate there is a knurled surface. The region formed between the plate and the die forms a passageway for lubricant to the extrusion die so that the lubricant may aid in the extrusion of a billet. There is a passageway in the die for the introduction of lubricant to the area between the plate and the die. The knurled surface has 10 to 50 grooves per inch, and the grooves have a depth of 0.0005 to 0.02 inches. A seal may be used to seal the passageway from the interior of the container. The die and plate may be of the same metal. The lubricant conduit in the die may have an enlarged cross-section prior to joining the passageway region between the plate and the die.

    Abstract translation: 在容器中的挤出模具,其中板在模具中凹陷并且位于待挤出的坯料和模具的表面之间。 在模具和板的相邻面中的至少一个具有滚花表面。 在板和模具之间形成的区域形成用于挤出模头的润滑剂的通道,使得润滑剂可以有助于挤出坯料。 在模具中有一个通道,用于将润滑剂引入板和模具之间的区域。 滚花表面每英寸有10至50个凹槽,凹槽的深度为0.0005至0.02英寸。 密封件可用于将通道从容器的内部密封。 模具和板可以是相同的金属。 模具中的润滑剂导管可以在接合板和模具之间的通道区域之前具有扩大的横截面。

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