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    PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLS FROM BIOMASS
    202.
    发明申请
    PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLS FROM BIOMASS 有权
    生物质生产酒精的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20120156741A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

    申请号：US13332276

    申请日：2011-12-20

    Applicant: Juben Nemchand CHHEDA ,  Evert VAN DER HEIDE

    Inventor： Juben Nemchand CHHEDA ,  Evert VAN DER HEIDE

    IPC: C12P7/02

    CPC classification number: C12P7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  Y02E50/16

    Abstract: Alcohols useful as fuel compositions are produced from biomass by pretreating the biomass prior to hydrolysis and fermentation. In the pretreatment, the biomass is contacted with an aqueous solution containing a dilute acid with concentration of up to 10 wt % producing a predigested stream containing an aqueous liquor that contains at least a portion of hemicelluloses and a residual biomass that contains celluloses and lignin; separating at least a portion of the aqueous liquor from the residual biomass providing an aqueous liquor stream and a pre-digested biomass stream; then contacting the pre-digested biomass stream with a cooking liquor containing at least one alkali selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof and water. A process that allows for higher recovery of carbohydrates and thereby increased yields is provided.

    Abstract translation: 可用作燃料组合物的醇通过在水解和发酵之前预处理生物质由生物质产生。 在预处理中，生物质与含有浓度高达10重量％的稀酸的水溶液接触，产生含有含有至少一部分半纤维素和含有纤维素和木质素的残余生物质的含水液体的预消化流; 从剩余生物质中分离至少一部分含水液体，提供含水液体流和预消化的生物物流; 然后将预消化的生物物流与含有选自氢氧化钠，碳酸钠，硫化钠，氢氧化钾，碳酸钾，氢氧化铵及其混合物和水中的至少一种碱的蒸煮液接触。 提供了允许更高碳水化合物回收率并从而提高产量的方法。

    CONTINUOUS CELLULOSTIC PRE-TREATMENT AND BIO-MASS PROCESSING BY REACTIVE EXTRUSION
    204.
    发明申请
    CONTINUOUS CELLULOSTIC PRE-TREATMENT AND BIO-MASS PROCESSING BY REACTIVE EXTRUSION 审中-公开
    连续纤维素预处理和生物质量加工通过反应挤出

    公开(公告)号：US20120125324A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-05-24

    申请号：US13365325

    申请日：2012-02-03

    Applicant: Donald L. FISK

    Inventor： Donald L. FISK

    IPC: C13K1/02

    CPC classification number: A23L1/0076 ,  A23P30/20 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C11B1/00 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  D21B1/16 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y02P30/20

    Abstract: Cellulosic materials are treated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in an extruder. Machine configuration and operating parameters are strictly controlled in a manner to enhance the ability of Supercritical CO2 to enter into the cells. This results in a controlled deterioration of the ceil walls, increasing the reactivity of cellulose and also enhancing the rate and the extern of cellulose hydrolysis. This precisely controlled combination of pressure, shear & temperature accelerates the penetration of carbon dioxide molecules into the crystalline structures, thus more glucose is produced from cellulosic materials after the cell is destructurized as compared to those without the pretreatment increasing glucose yield by as much as 50%. Concurrent saccharification and fermentation tests also show the increase in the available carbon source from the cellulosic materials for fermentation to produce ethanol. As the system operates at low temperature, it will not cause degradation of sugars such as those treated with the high-temperatures involved in many systems discussed.

    Abstract translation: 纤维素材料在挤出机中用超临界二氧化碳处理。 严格控制机器配置和操作参数，以提高超临界CO2进入电池的能力。 这导致细胞壁的受控劣化，增加纤维素的反应性并且还提高纤维素水解的速率和外观。 这种精确控制的压力，剪切和温度的组合加速了二氧化碳分子渗透到晶体结构中，因此，与没有预处理的那些相比，细胞被破坏后，纤维素材料产生更多的葡萄糖，葡萄糖产量提高了多达50 ％。 同时糖化和发酵试验也显示了用于发酵生产乙醇的纤维素材料的可用碳源的增加。 当系统在低温下运行时，不会引起糖类的降解，例如在所讨论的许多系统中涉及的高温处理的糖类。

    IN-VEHICLE DISPLAY FOR IMPROVING FUEL ECONOMY
    205.
    发明申请
    IN-VEHICLE DISPLAY FOR IMPROVING FUEL ECONOMY 有权
    用于改善燃油经济性的车内显示

    公开(公告)号：US20120123665A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-05-17

    申请号：US13356663

    申请日：2012-01-24

    Applicant: Jeff Allen Greenberg ,  Dean Mengel ,  Les R. Bodnar ,  Sonya Nematollahi ,  Finn Tseng

    Inventor： Jeff Allen Greenberg ,  Dean Mengel ,  Les R. Bodnar ,  Sonya Nematollahi ,  Finn Tseng

    IPC: F02D28/00

    CPC classification number: C12P7/06 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  G09B19/167 ,  Y02E50/17

    Abstract: A visual feedback system for a vehicle including an engine, includes an operating control for varying the engine's speed. Connected to the engine, an engine acceleration reporter reports an amount of acceleration of the engine. A creation control being linked to both the engine acceleration reporter and the operating control enables the creation of images on a visual display according to a variation in the engine speed. Accordingly, the creation control creates a pendulum image within a sector of a circle, with the pendulum image swinging in response to the amount of acceleration being reported by the engine acceleration reporter.

    Abstract translation: 包括发动机的车辆的视觉反馈系统包括用于改变发动机速度的操作控制。 发动机加速记录仪连接到发动机，报告发动机的加速度。 与发动机加速度报告器和操作控制相关联的创建控制使得能够根据发动机速度的变化在视觉显示器上创建图像。 因此，创建控制在圆的扇区内创建摆动图像，响应于由发动机加速度报告器报告的加速度量，摆动图像摆动。

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