Abstract:
An analysis system includes an analysis cell and a radiation source which generates a characteristic radiation. An optical system passes radiation from the source along a first path through the analysis cell for sensing by a sensor and passes radiation from the source along a second path outside of the analysis cell, for sensing by a second sensor. An optical modulator channels the radiation in each path alternately to the sensors so that each sensor alternately produces an output proportional to the radiation from the corresponding source in each path and means responsive to the optical modulator provides an accurately predetermined portion of the output signal from each sensor in each cycle of the optical modulator.
Abstract:
A sensor responsive to hydroxyl ions is provided to monitor the flame at the burner in an atomic absorption spectroanalysis system. The sensor in the disclosed embodiment includes an S4 photodiode and a filter to provide a sensitivity over the wavelength band of 3000-3900 A. The output of the photodiode is applied via an FET amplifier stage and an emitter follower stage to burner control circuitry. The burner control circuitry initiates flame via a pilot line, and if hydroxyl ions are not sensed within a predetermined time, the system is automatically shut down. After flame is established, an interlock permits switching from air to nitrous oxide and on failure to sense hydroxyl ions, the nitrous oxide, the fuel and then the air are turned off in sequence in response to the output of the sensor.
Abstract:
An electrochemical system includes a first electrode for sensing a fluid sample to be analyzed and a reference electrode. The reference electrode is disposed in electrolyte and a membrane separates the electrolyte from the fluid sample. The membrane has a multiplicity of parallel passages, the width of each passage being less than one-half micron, such that the passages provide a multiplicity of similar ionic junctions between the electrolyte and the fluid sample.
Abstract:
Spectroscopic analysis apparatus utilizes a tubular electrothermal heating element and a passive sample holder. The sample holder is insertable through an access opening in the heating element to rest in intimate heat transfer contact with an interior surface, and includes a portion which restricts vapor flow through the access opening.
Abstract:
An electrochemical electrode system includes a first chamber adapted to contain electrolyte and a second chamber adapted to contain the material to be analyzed. An opening is associated with each chamber and the openings are in juxtaposed relation to one another. The system further includes a flow control member that has a plurality of porous flow control sections of identical characteristics connected together for sequential positioning between the two openings. The member is movable to replace one section by another section between the openings, and structure is provided for sealing the two openings to the flow control section in position between the openings.
Abstract:
A dispenser system for introducing a precise amount of material to be analyzed into a container includes a sample chamber, and apparatus for storing material in the sample chamber. A data record is associated with the container and operation of the storage apparatus is controlled in response to the data record to store a precise amount of material in the chamber which is then transferred to the container for analysis.
Abstract:
ANALYSIS CHAMBER CLAMPS THE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE AGAINST THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE STEM.
ELECTROCHEMICAL APPARATUS INCLUDES AN ELECTODE ASSEMBLY HAVING AN ELECTROLYTE CHAMBER WITH A PROJECTING STEM PORTION. A PH SENSITIVE MEMBRANE IS SECURED ACROSS THE END OF THE PROJECTING STEM PORTION AND A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE IS SECURED OVER THE PH SENSITIVE MEMBRANE. THE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY IS DISPOSED IN AN ANALYSIS CHAMBER SO THAT THE PH SENSITIVE MEMBRANE IS ENTIRELY WITHIN THE ANALYSIS CHAMBER. A CLAMP AT THE PORT OF THE