公开(公告)号：US08098430B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-17

申请号：US12434202

申请日：2009-05-01

Applicant: Hideo Iizuka ,  Nader Engheta

Inventor： Hideo Iizuka ,  Nader Engheta

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G02B5/30 ,  G02B27/28

CPC classification number: G02B5/1809 ,  F21S43/26 ,  F21V5/002 ,  F21W2111/00 ,  F21Y2115/10 ,  G02B5/1861 ,  G02B5/1871

Abstract: A grating structure having a fused silica base includes alternating ridges and grooves. The ridges and grooves form a fused silica to air interface. The ridges and grooves are configured such that the grating has a ratio between the effective refractive index difference between s-polarization and p-polarization of about 1/3. As such, for non-polarized light with an incident angle θin of between 40° and 90° and a wavelength λ=350-1600 nm, the grating directs both s-polarization and p-polarization components of the incident light to the −1st order diffraction mode.

Abstract translation: 具有熔融石英基底的光栅结构包括交替的脊和凹槽。 脊和槽形成熔融二氧化硅至空气界面。 脊和凹槽被构造成使得光栅具有约1/3的s偏振和p偏振之间的有效折射率差之间的比率。 因此，对于具有入射角和角度的非偏振光，在40°至90°之间且波长λ= 350-1600nm处，光栅将入射光的s偏振和p偏振分量都引导到 -1阶衍射模式。

公开(公告)号：US08072684B2

公开(公告)日：2011-12-06

申请号：US12692688

申请日：2010-01-25

Applicant: Hideo Iizuka ,  Nader Engheta

Inventor： Hideo Iizuka ,  Nader Engheta

IPC: G02B5/18

CPC classification number: G02B5/1866 ,  G02B6/351

Abstract: A double-sided grating divider acts as a light switch where the upper and lower grating dividers are arranged to accommodate a relative lateral shift therebetween of about one-fourth of the period of the diffraction grating elements and where the critical refraction angles of the grating dividers are more than about 43.6°. Lateral shift may be achieved by various devices including MEMS and metal couplers having a known/calibrated thermal coefficient of expansion over a temperature range of interest.

Abstract translation: 双面光栅分离器用作光开关，其中上和下光栅分隔器被布置成在衍射光栅元件的周期的大约四分之一处适应其间的相对横向偏移，并且其中光栅分隔器的临界折射角 超过约43.6°。 侧向偏移可以通过各种装置来实现，包括具有在感兴趣的温度范围内的已知/校准的热膨胀系数的MEMS和金属耦合器。

公开(公告)号：US07489391B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-10

申请号：US11587349

申请日：2005-04-27

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Edward N. Pugh, Jr. ,  Shih-Schon Lin ,  Konstantin Marianovich Yemelyanov

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Edward N. Pugh, Jr. ,  Shih-Schon Lin ,  Konstantin Marianovich Yemelyanov

IPC: G06K9/74

CPC classification number: G01N21/94 ,  A61B5/1172 ,  A61B5/441 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06K9/00013 ,  G06K9/00033 ,  G06K9/4661

Abstract: An optical fingerprinting method extracts high quality latent fingerprints from a surface without any invasive chemical or physical contact with the examined object, and requires no cooperation of the subject. Rather than employing extraneous material, the optical properties of the latent fingerprint are used to generate one or more images with sufficient contrast to distinguish the latent fingerprint or some other deformation in the surface. The system includes a light source oriented to apply light at an angle of incidence to the surface at the position to be examined for the latent fingerprint or deformation, a camera oriented to receive light specularly and diffusely reflected from the surface and/or by the fingerprint or deformation on the surface, and a processor that performs the computation for digital contrast enhancement and/or reprojection of the recovered fingerprint image to a frontal view if necessary. The technique uses optical polarization properties to enhance the images by placing a linearly polarized filter(s) in front of the observing camera. At least two pictures of the same scene with the same lighting and view angle arrangement are taken whereby each of the pictures differ only in that the orientations of the polarization filter are different. At least two light polarization parameters for each pixel are computed from the two or more images taken with different polarizer orientations. An image with each pixel value representing the value of one of the polarization parameters or a function of the polarization parameters is generated and displayed, with some digital contrast enhancement and/or reprojection applied. The hidden latent fingerprint pattern is revealed in at least one such image with the interfering background pattern significantly suppressed.

Abstract translation: 光学指纹法从表面提取高质量的潜在指纹，而不会与被检查物体进行任何侵入性化学或物理接触，并且不需要对象的协作。 不是使用外来材料，潜在指纹的光学性质被用于产生具有足够对比度的一个或多个图像以区分潜在指纹或表面中的一些其它变形。 该系统包括光源，该光源定向成以与潜在指纹或变形的待检查位置处的表面成角度地施加光，照相机，其被定向成从镜面反射并从表面漫反射和/或指纹 或变形，以及处理器，如果需要，则将恢复的指纹图像的数字对比度增强和/或再投影执行到正面视图。 该技术使用光学偏振特性来通过在观察相机的前面放置线性偏振滤光器来增强图像。 拍摄具有相同照明和视角配置的相同场景的至少两幅照片，由此每幅照片的差异仅在于偏振滤光片的取向不同。 从使用不同偏振器取向拍摄的两个或更多个图像计算每个像素的至少两个光偏振参数。 生成并显示具有表示极化参数之一的值的每个像素值的图像或者偏振参数的函数，并且应用一些数字对比度增强和/或重新投影。 隐藏的潜在指纹图案在至少一个这样的图像中被显露，其中干扰背景图案被显着抑制。

公开(公告)号：US20070280513A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-06

申请号：US11587349

申请日：2005-04-27

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Edward Pugh ,  Shih-Schon Lin ,  Konstantin Yemelyanov

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Edward Pugh ,  Shih-Schon Lin ,  Konstantin Yemelyanov

IPC: G06K9/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/94 ,  A61B5/1172 ,  A61B5/441 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06K9/00013 ,  G06K9/00033 ,  G06K9/4661

Abstract: An optical fingerprinting method extracts high quality latent fingerprints from a surface without any invasive chemical or physical contact with the examined object, and requires no cooperation of the subject. Rather than employing extraneous material, the optical properties of the latent fingerprint are used to generate one or more images with sufficient contrast to distinguish the latent fingerprint or some other deformation in the surface. The system includes a light source oriented to apply light at an angle of incidence to the surface at the position to be examined for the latent fingerprint or deformation, a camera oriented to receive light specularly and diffusely reflected from the surface and/or by the fingerprint or deformation on the surface, and a processor that performs the computation for digital contrast enhancement and/or reprojection of the recovered fingerprint image to a frontal view if necessary. The technique uses optical polarization properties to enhance the images by placing a linearly polarized filter(s) in front of the observing camera. At least two pictures of the same scene with the same lighting and view angle arrangement are taken whereby each of the pictures differ only in that the orientations of the polarization filter are different. At least two light polarization parameters for each pixel are computed from the two or more images taken with different polarizer orientations. An image with each pixel value representing the value of one of the polarization parameters or a function of the polarization parameters is generated and displayed, with some digital contrast enhancement and/or reprojection applied. The hidden latent fingerprint pattern is revealed in at least one such image with the interfering background pattern significantly suppressed.

Abstract translation: 光学指纹法从表面提取高质量的潜在指纹，而不会与被检查物体进行任何侵入性化学或物理接触，并且不需要对象的协作。 不是使用外来材料，潜在指纹的光学性质被用于产生具有足够对比度的一个或多个图像以区分潜在指纹或表面中的一些其它变形。 该系统包括光源，该光源定向成以与潜在指纹或变形的待检查位置处的表面成角度地施加光，照相机，其被定向成从镜面反射并从表面漫反射和/或指纹 或变形，以及处理器，如果需要，则将恢复的指纹图像的数字对比度增强和/或再投影执行到正面视图。 该技术使用光学偏振特性来通过在观察相机的前面放置线性偏振滤光器来增强图像。 拍摄具有相同照明和视角配置的相同场景的至少两幅照片，由此每幅照片的差异仅在于偏振滤光片的取向不同。 从使用不同偏振器取向拍摄的两个或更多个图像计算每个像素的至少两个光偏振参数。 生成并显示具有表示极化参数之一的值的每个像素值的图像或者偏振参数的函数，并且应用一些数字对比度增强和/或重新投影。 隐藏的潜在指纹图案在至少一个这样的图像中被显露，其中干扰背景图案被显着抑制。

公开(公告)号：US20050031295A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-10

申请号：US10859422

申请日：2004-06-02

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Andrea Alu

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Andrea Alu

IPC: G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/00

CPC classification number: G02B1/007 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/10

Abstract: Waveguides and scattering devices are made from a pair of slabs, at least one slab being either an “epsilon-negative (ENG)” layer in which the real part of permittivity is assumed to be negative while its permeability has positive real part, or a “mu-negative (MNG)” layer that has the real part of its permeability negative but its permittivity has positive real part. The juxtaposition and pairing of such ENG and MNG slabs under certain conditions lead to some unusual features, such as resonance, complete tunneling, zero reflection and transparency. Such materials also may be configured to provide guided modes in a waveguide having special features such as mono-modality in thick waveguides and the presence of TE modes with no cut-off thickness in thin parallel-plate waveguides. Using equivalent transmission-line models, the conditions for the resonance, complete tunneling and transparency are described as well as the field behavior in these resonant paired structures. A “matched” lossless ENG-MNG pair is configured to provide “ideal” image displacement and image reconstruction.

Abstract translation: 波导和散射装置由一对板坯制成，至少一个板坯是“ε-负（ENG）”层，其中介电常数的实部假设为负，而其导磁率为正实部，或 具有真实部分渗透性负数但其介电常数的“阴性（MNG）”层具有积极的实际。 在某些条件下，这种ENG和MNG板块的并置和配对导致一些不寻常的特征，例如共振，完全隧道，零反射和透明度。 这样的材料还可以被配置为在具有特殊特征的波导中提供引导模式，例如在厚波导中的单模态，以及存在薄平行板波导中没有截止厚度的TE模式。 使用等效传输线模型，描述谐振，完整隧道和透明度的条件以及这些谐振配对结构中的场行为。 “匹配”无损ENG-MNG对被配置为提供“理想”图像位移和图像重建。

公开(公告)号：US5165059A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-17

申请号：US734053

申请日：1991-07-22

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Dwight L. Jaggard

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Dwight L. Jaggard

IPC: G02B6/122

CPC classification number: G02B6/122

Abstract: Guided-wave structures comprising chiral materials. Guided-wave structures provided in accordance with this invention comprise chiral materials wherein bifurcated electromagnetic modes are allowed. The guided-wave structures are particularly useful for directional couplers, switches and modulators.

Abstract translation: 包含手性材料的引导波结构。 根据本发明提供的引导波结构包括允许分叉电磁模式的手性材料。 导波结构对于定向耦合器，开关和调制器特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US09952383B2

公开(公告)日：2018-04-24

申请号：US13805755

申请日：2011-06-08

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Ashkan Vakil

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Ashkan Vakil

IPC: G02B26/08 ,  G02F1/29 ,  G02F3/00 ,  G02B6/122 ,  G02B5/00 ,  B82Y20/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/1226 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B5/008 ,  Y10S977/734

Abstract: Graphene may support electromagnetic radiation and be able to support a variety of optical devices. In general, graphene may exhibit changeability in properties such as the conductivity and the like of graphene. Graphene may comprise carbon and be of a thickness of a single atomic layer. In another embodiment, Graphene may be thicker than a single atomic layer, but may be able to exhibit changeability in the properties noted above. Disclosed herein is the guiding and manipulating of optical signals on layers of graphene to create waveguides, ribbon waveguides, beamsplitters, lenses, attenuators, mirrors, scatterers, Fourier optics, Luneburg lenses, metamaterials and other optical devices.

公开(公告)号：US09008471B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

申请号：US11629746

申请日：2005-06-20

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Alessandro Salandrino ,  Andrea Alu

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Alessandro Salandrino ,  Andrea Alu

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G01N33/551 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/122

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/1226

Abstract: Circuits and circuit elements adapted to function at optical or infrared frequencies are made from plasmonic and/or nonplasmonic particles disposed on a substrate, where the plasmonic and nonplasmonic particles have respective dimensions substantially smaller than a wavelength of an applied optical or infrared signal. Such particles are deposited on a substrate in a variety of shapes and sizes from a variety of plasmonic and/or nonplasmonic materials so as to form resistors, capacitors, inductors and circuits made from combinations of these elements.

Abstract translation: 适用于光学或红外频率的电路和电路元件由等离子体激发和/或非等离子体颗粒制成，其中等离子体激元和非等离子体颗粒的尺寸基本上小于施加的光学或红外信号的波长。 这样的颗粒以各种等离子体和/或非等离子体材料沉积在各种形状和尺寸的衬底上，以便形成由这些元件的组合制成的电阻器，电容器，电感器和电路。

公开(公告)号：US08976450B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-10

申请号：US13079339

申请日：2011-04-04

Applicant: Hideo Iizuka ,  Nader Engheta ,  Hisayoshi Fujikawa

Inventor： Hideo Iizuka ,  Nader Engheta ,  Hisayoshi Fujikawa

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02B26/08

CPC classification number: G02B26/02 ,  G02B26/0808

Abstract: A light switch (or valve) made up of two mutually inverted, substantially identical diffraction gratings with a liquid medium therebetween, arranged to allow the grating substrates to be shifted laterally relative to one another so as to align and mis-align the grating elements. When aligned, incident-polarized light passes through the switch and when misaligned, light does not pass through the switch but is reflected.

Abstract translation: 由两个相互反转的，基本相同的衍射光栅组成的光开关（或阀），其间具有液体介质，布置成允许光栅基板相对于彼此横向移位，以便对准和错误对准光栅元件。 当对准时，入射偏振光通过开关，并且当未对准时，光不通过开关而被反射。

公开(公告)号：US20130163069A1

公开(公告)日：2013-06-27

申请号：US13805755

申请日：2011-06-08

Applicant: Nader Engheta ,  Ashkan Vakil

Inventor： Nader Engheta ,  Ashkan Vakil

IPC: G02B5/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/1226 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B5/008 ,  Y10S977/734

Abstract: Graphene may support electromagnetic radiation and be able to support a variety of optical devices. In general, graphene may exhibit changeability in properties such as the conductivity and the like of graphene. Graphene may comprise carbon and be of a thickness of a single atomic layer. In another embodiment, Graphene may be thicker than a single atomic layer, but may be able to exhibit changeability in the properties noted above. Disclosed herein is the guiding and manipulating of optical signals on layers of graphene to create waveguides, ribbon waveguides, beamsplitters, lenses, attenuators, mirrors, scatterers, Fourier optics, Luneburg lenses, metamaterials and other optical devices.

Abstract translation: 石墨烯可以支持电磁辐射并且能够支持各种光学装置。 通常，石墨烯可能表现出石墨烯的导电性等性质的变化性。 石墨烯可以包含碳并且具有单个原子层的厚度。 在另一个实施方案中，石墨烯可以比单个原子层更厚，但是可以在上述性质方面表现出可变性。 本文公开了引导和操纵石墨烯层上的光学信号以产生波导，带状波导，分束器，透镜，衰减器，反射镜，散射体，傅立叶光学器件，Luneburg透镜，超材料和其它光学器件。