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公开(公告)号：US12199621B2
公开(公告)日：2025-01-14
申请号：US18135343
申请日：2023-04-17
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hongrui Wang , Abbas Komijani , Hideya Oshima , Reetika K Agarwal
Abstract: In a charge pump-based PLL circuit, charge pump output current variation may cause phase instability at an output of a VCO. The output current variation may be caused by low-frequency disturbances (e.g., tuning voltage (Vtune) drift with channel length modulation effect), disturbance in a gate bias voltage of a transistor, or a VDD transient. Such a low-frequency disturbance may occur during initial lock, which may affect phase settling time, or after lock, which may result in phase instability. A replica charge pump and a current filtering and compensation circuit may be implemented at the output of a main charge pump to provide error current compensation to suppress channel length modulation effect, improve phase stability, and reduce phase noise.
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公开(公告)号：US12184232B2
公开(公告)日：2024-12-31
申请号：US18359593
申请日：2023-07-26
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Abbas Komijani , Hongrui Wang , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak
Abstract: An electronic device may include a transceiver with mixer circuitry that up-converts or down-converts signals based on a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) signal. The transceiver circuitry may include first, second, third, and fourth VCOs. Each VCO may include a VCO core that receives a control voltage and an inductor coupled to the VCO core. Fixed linear capacitors may be coupled between the VCO cores. A switching network may be coupled between the VCOs. Control circuitry may place the VCO circuitry in one of four different operating modes and may switch between the operating modes to selectively control current direction in each of the inductors. The VCO circuitry may generate the VCO signal within a respective frequency range in each of the operating modes. The VCO circuitry may exhibit a relatively wide frequency range across all of the operating modes while introducing minimal phase noise to the system.
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公开(公告)号：US20240372511A1
公开(公告)日：2024-11-07
申请号：US18142540
申请日：2023-05-02
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hongrui Wang , Reetika K Agarwal , James Mawdsley , Abbas Komijani
Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an amplifier (e.g., a variable gain amplifier (VGA)) with improved linearity compared to other amplifiers. The amplifier may include degeneration inductors and a tunable degeneration resistor to generate amplified signals. The degeneration inductors and the tunable degeneration resistor may form a resonant circuit to improve linearity of the amplified signal at a desired frequency by reducing direct current (DC) components and harmonic components of the amplified signal having the desired frequency. Moreover, the amplifier may also generate the amplified signals with improved linearity at back-off output powers based on using the tunable degeneration resistor and the degeneration inductors. As such, the amplifier may include the degeneration inductors and the tunable degeneration resistor to generate the amplified signals having an output power across a range of output powers, such as a peak output power and one or multiple back-off output powers, with improved linearity.
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公开(公告)号：US11978578B2
公开(公告)日：2024-05-07
申请号：US17823756
申请日：2022-08-31
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hongrui Wang , Saihua Lin , Abbas Komijani , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak
CPC classification number: H01F27/2804 , H01F5/003 , H01F17/0013 , H01F38/14 , H03H7/0115 , H03H7/09 , H03H7/427 , H01F2017/0026 , H01F2027/2814 , H03H2001/0085
Abstract: Radio frequency filtering circuitry blocks certain frequencies in an outgoing signal so that the signal may be transmitted over a desired frequency. The radio frequency filtering circuitry includes a first inductor having a first coil and a second inductor coupled to and disposed within the first coil. The second inductor has a second coil and a third coil symmetrical to the second coil. When current is applied to the radio frequency filtering circuitry, the current in the second coil causes a first induced current in the first coil and the current in the third coil causes a second induced current in the first coil, wherein the second induced current is approximately equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the first induced current. As such, the second induced current may compensate for the first induced current.
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公开(公告)号：US20240048105A1
公开(公告)日：2024-02-08
申请号：US18485171
申请日：2023-10-11
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Saihua Lin , Hongrui Wang , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak
CPC classification number: H03F3/195 , H03F3/213 , H03F2200/451 , H03F2200/294
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for operating transceiver circuitry to transmit or receive signals on various frequency ranges. To do so, a transmitter or a receiver of the transceiver circuitry is selectively coupled to or uncoupled from an antenna of the transceiver circuitry. Additionally, radio frequency filters may be individually or collectively coupled to and/or uncoupled from the antenna to filter different frequencies in the transmitting or receiving signals.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US20230352932A1
公开(公告)日：2023-11-02
申请号：US17661503
申请日：2022-04-29
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Junjun Li , Abbas Komijani , Hongrui Wang
CPC classification number: H02H9/046 , H01L27/0255
Abstract: An output circuit included in an integrated circuit may employ multiple protection circuits to protect driver devices from damage during an electrostatic discharge event. One protection circuit clamps a signal port to a ground supply node upon detection of the electrostatic discharge event. Another protection circuit increases the voltage level of a control terminal to one of the driver devices during the electrostatic discharge event to reduce the voltage across the driver device and prevent damage to the device.
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公开(公告)号：US20220416720A1
公开(公告)日：2022-12-29
申请号：US17900714
申请日：2022-08-31
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Abbas Komijani , Hongrui Wang , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak
IPC: H03B5/12
Abstract: An electronic device may include a transceiver with mixer circuitry that up-converts or down-converts signals based on a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) signal. The transceiver circuitry may include first, second, third, and fourth VCOs. Each VCO may include a VCO core that receives a control voltage and an inductor coupled to the VCO core. Fixed linear capacitors may be coupled between the VCO cores. A switching network may be coupled between the VCOs. Control circuitry may place the VCO circuitry in one of four different operating modes and may switch between the operating modes to selectively control current direction in each of the inductors. The VCO circuitry may generate the VCO signal within a respective frequency range in each of the operating modes. The VCO circuitry may exhibit a relatively wide frequency range across all of the operating modes while introducing minimal phase noise to the system.
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公开(公告)号：US20220415559A1
公开(公告)日：2022-12-29
申请号：US17823756
申请日：2022-08-31
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hongrui Wang , Saihua Lin , Abbas Komijani , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak
Abstract: Radio frequency filtering circuitry blocks certain frequencies in an outgoing signal so that the signal may be transmitted over a desired frequency. The radio frequency filtering circuitry includes a first inductor having a first coil and a second inductor coupled to and disposed within the first coil. The second inductor has a second coil and a third coil symmetrical to the second coil. When current is applied to the radio frequency filtering circuitry, the current in the second coil causes a first induced current in the first coil and the current in the third coil causes a second induced current in the first coil, wherein the second induced current is approximately equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the first induced current. As such, the second induced current may compensate for the first induced current.
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公开(公告)号：US20210055402A1
公开(公告)日：2021-02-25
申请号：US16549689
申请日：2019-08-23
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Saihua Lin , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak , Hongrui Wang
Abstract: A sensor circuit included in a computer system may include multiple antennae and transceiver circuits that include transmitter and receiver circuits. A particular transceiver circuit may transmit, via a particular antenna, a transmit signal that is a modulated version of a baseband signal, and generate a leakage signal based on leakage between transmitter and receiver circuits included in the particular transceiver circuit. A different transceiver circuit may generate a received signal using a reflected version of the transmitted signal that is received via a different antenna. An output signal may be generated using the received and leakage signals.
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公开(公告)号：US20200228070A1
公开(公告)日：2020-07-16
申请号：US16248730
申请日：2019-01-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hongrui Wang , Sohrab Emami-Neyestanak
Abstract: A Wilkinson Combiner circuit is disclosed. The circuit includes first and second input ports, and a resistive-capacitive (RC) network coupled there between. The circuit further includes an amplifier having an amplifier input node, and a coupled inductor. The coupled inductor includes first, second, and third terminals, coupled to the first input port, the second input port, and the amplifier input node, respectively. Signals conveyed from the first and second input ports are passed through the corresponding portions of the coupled inductor, are combined into a composite signal and amplified by the amplifier.
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