Abstract:
An apparatus for extracting organic compounds from plant materials using subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide is described. The apparatus has a sealable pressure chamber into which carbon dioxide dry ice and the plant materials are inserted, the pressure chamber, once sealed, self-pressurizing as the container and contents are warmed to a chosen temperature, converting the solid CO2 to liquid, or to a super-critical fluid as the temperature and pressure are raised above the Critical Point. The chamber can be rotated when subcritical CO2 liquid is employed to improve mixing between the liquid and the plant material. After a suitable extraction time, the carbon dioxide solvent containing the extracted material is directed into a separator such that the carbon dioxide and extracted material can be effectively separated, thereby avoiding significant quantities of viscous and waxy extracted materials remaining in the chamber and valves after the carbon dioxide solvent is warmed and allowed to exit the chamber.
Abstract:
Apparatus for supporting a scanner head, the apparatus comprising: a carrier assembly; a bogey assembly; and a scanner head assembly, comprising a mounting for holding a scanner head; wherein the scanner head assembly and the bogey assembly are both mounted on spring bearings on the carrier assembly such that they can both move in a vertical direction, and the scanner head assembly comprises at least two collinear vertical bearings which restrict movement of the scanner head assembly to vertical movement substantially perpendicular to a document path, and the bogey assembly comprises two laterally spaced bearings which allow rotational movement of the bogey assembly about the scanner head mounting.
Abstract:
A copper alloy having an improved combination of yield strength and electrical conductivity consists essentially of, by weight, from 1% to 2.5% of nickel, from 0.5% to 2.0% of cobalt, with a total nickel plus cobalt content of from 1.7% to 4.3%, from 0.5% to 1.5% of silicon with a ratio of (Ni+Co)/Si of between 3.5 and 6, and the balance copper and inevitable impurities wherein the wrought copper alloy has an electrical conductivity in excess of 40% IACS. A further increase in the combination of yield strength and electrical conductivity as well as enhanced resistance to stress relaxation is obtained by a further inclusion of up 1% of silver. A process to manufacture the alloys of the invention as well as other copper-nickel-silicon alloys includes the sequential steps of (a). casting the copper alloy; (b). hot working the cast copper-base alloy to effect a first reduction in cross-sectional area; (c). solutionizing the cast copper-base alloy at a temperature and for a time effective to substantially form a single phase alloy; (d). first age annealing the alloy at a temperature and for a time effective to precipitate an amount of a second phase effective to form a multi-phase alloy having silicides; (e). cold working the multi-phase alloy to effect a second reduction in cross-sectional area; and (f). second age annealing the multiphase alloy at a temperature and for a time effective to precipitate additional silicides thereby raising conductivity, wherein the second age annealing temperature is less than the first age annealing temperature.
Abstract:
A device (10) is shown for attachment to a rope (12), constructed from twisted strands (13,14,15). The device (10) includes a rope holding arrangement in the form of a holding section (16), which has a first member (18) and a second opposing member (20). The rope (12) fitted between the members (18 and 20) in a holding arrangement that deforms the twisted construction of the rope (12) so the strands (13,14,15) are laid inline to each other in the holding section (16). The first member (18) is adapted such that it is locatable within a groove (30) defined between strands (14,15), the second opposing member (20) is adapted such that it deforms the twisted construction of the rope (12) and lays the strands (13,14,15) inline to each other in order to retain the device (10) at the rope (12) without imparting compressive forces to the rope (12) outer most diameter or the rope strand diameters (13,14,15) to withstand large weights, loads or forces 33 applied to the rope (12) or device (10) with the axis (32) of the device (10), axis (34) of the rope (12) and groove (30) having a substantially parallel relationship between each other, the twisted form of the rope (12) cannot pass through the holding section (16), the device (10) remains in its applied position.
Abstract:
A process for deinking paper being recycled in a carbonate pulping procedure which is performed in the absence of hydroxides and peroxides is improved by the addition of (a) a non-ionic surfactant deinking agent having a cloud point of about 55 to 85, preferably 60-70, and (b) at least two different fatty acid ink collectors: (i) a C16 to C20 fatty acid and (ii) a C22 to C30 fatty acid, the ink collectors being used in a weight ratio of from about 98:2 to 70:30.
Abstract:
A method for the recovery of high purity zinc oxide products, and optionally iron-carbon feedstocks, from industrial waste streams containing zinc oxide and/or iron. The waste streams preliminary can be treated by adding carbon and an ammonium chloride solution, separating any undissolved components from the solution, displacing undesired metal ions from the solution using zinc metal, treating the solution to remove therefrom zinc compounds, and further treating the zinc compounds and the undissolved components, as necessary, resulting in the zinc products and the optional iron-carbon feedbacks. Once the zinc oxide has been recovered, the purification process is used to further purify the zinc oxide to obtain zinc oxide which is at least 99.8% pure and which has predeterminable purity and particle characteristics. Various zinc compounds may then be quickly, easily, and economically produced from this recovered zinc oxide.
Abstract:
The beneficiation of an electric arc furnace (EAF) dust waste stream comprising zinc compounds by collecting and combining dust from two or more EAF batches with coal fines to form briquettes, adding the briquettes to a final EAF batch with the charge, and collecting the dust from the final EAF batch, so that the zinc in the beneficiated dust is of a greater proportion than in a typical batch of EAF dust. Alternatively, the EAF dust can be split into two dust streams, one of which is returned to the EAF, while the other is treated in a hydrometallurgical process. Either waste stream preliminary can be treated by adding carbon and an ammonium chloride solution, separating any undissolved components from the solution, displacing undesired metal ions from the solution using zinc metal, treating the solution to remove therefrom zinc compounds, and further treating the zinc compounds and the undissolved components resulting in zinc products and an optional iron-carbon feedback. The purification process is used to further purify the zinc oxide to obtain zinc oxide which is at least 99.8% pure and has predeterminable purity and particle characteristics. The beneficiation process may be added to a complete chemical and metal values recovery process.
Abstract:
A method for producing a more concentrated iron product from an industrial waste materials stream comprising iron and non-iron constituents such as EAF and basic oxygen furnace dust generally comprising the steps of compacting or briquetting the waste materials stream, roasting the waste materials stream at temperatures above about 980.degree. C. to convert the iron compounds to direct reduced iron, crushing the roasted waste materials stream, separating the iron compounds contained in the waste materials stream by magnetic separation or flotation, and providing the iron compounds back to the EAF or basic oxygen furnace.