公开(公告)号：US5135722A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-04

申请号：US288484

申请日：1988-12-22

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  B01J2208/00814 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A converter for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis under pressure, consisting of an external shell in a single piece and inside this of at least a cartridge containing a catalyst arranged in one or more beds contained in catalyst-carrying baskets. An external wall of these baskets is provided with means that protrude from the closed bottom and are coupled, in order to be supported, with means protruding from the internal continuous face which extends substantially along the entire axial height of the converter and is the nearest to the internal wall of the baskets. An unflanged labyrinth seal is located between two centrally located heat exchangers contained within the converter.For reactions at high pressures, the wall holding the protruding support rings at the bottom of the baskets is a cartridge wall in a single piece that extends substantially along the whole shell and forms with this an airspace.For reactions at low pressures, the support rings of the basket bottoms protrude from the internal surface of the shell. At least one of the catalytic beds supported by the baskets or elementary cartridges is centrally crossed by an indirect heat exchanger.

公开(公告)号：US4849206A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-18

申请号：US25600

申请日：1987-03-13

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04

CPC classification number: C01C1/0417 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Process for obtaining an optimal synthesis gas distribution in catalytic beds for heterogeneous reactions in reactors comprising a cylindrical pressure vessel with an internal cartridge containing a catalyst.

Abstract translation: 用于在反应器中获得用于非均相反应的催化床中的最佳合成气分布的方法，包括具有含有催化剂的内部筒的圆柱形压力容器。

公开(公告)号：US4769220A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-06

申请号：US900757

申请日：1986-08-27

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C01C1/00

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A converter for heterogeneous synthesis. The converter contains a variable number of internal cartridges, each having a non-perforated external wall which forms an interspace with a internal shell wall. The converter also has a corresponding variable number of catalytic beds, each having granular catalyst. The catalyst beds are contained in a vessel having a closed bottom, an open top, and two cylindrical concentric perforated walls. The perforated walls allow for adduction and extraction of reaction gases which flow axially and radially through the catalyst beds. Heat exchangers are orientated on the same axis with the annular catalyst beds and consist of tube-bundles within a shell. Reaction gas feed tubes extend through some of the heat exchanger tube bundles.

Abstract translation: A异构合成转换器。 转换器包含可变数量的内部盒，每个具有非穿孔外壁，其形成与内壳壁的间隙。 该转化器还具有相应的可变数量的催化床，每个具有颗粒催化剂。 催化剂床包含在具有封闭底部，开口顶部和两个圆柱形同心穿孔壁的容器中。 穿孔壁允许内向和提取沿轴向和径向流过催化剂床的反应气体。 热交换器与环形催化剂床在同一轴线上定向并由壳内的管束组成。 反应气体供给管延伸穿过一些热交换器管束。

公开(公告)号：US4372920A

公开(公告)日：1983-02-08

申请号：US162436

申请日：1980-06-24

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0005 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C01C1/0417 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C12C11/02 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Disclosed is a reactor for heterogeneous catalytic reactions of gaseous reactants under pressure, comprising: a container having an inlet for introduction of gaseous reactants and an outlet for the efflux of products of the reactions; a cartridge having a cylindrically shaped wall placed within the container and communicating with the inlet and the outlet; at least two stationary-bed, catalyst-containing baskets supported within the cartridge, each of the baskets including an imperforate bottom section, a cylindrical outer perforated wall, a cylindrical inner concentric perforated wall and an annular opening defined by the inner and outer perforated walls in the upper end of each stationary-bed, catalyst-containing basket, the opening formed in a plane approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the inner and outer perforated walls, the bottom section and the inner and outer perforated walls cooperating with the cylindrically shaped cartridge wall to form a partially restrictive axial flow means, whereby a portion of the gaseous reactants enters or departs and passes through the annular opening in each of the stationary-bed, catalyst-containing baskets substantially in the axial direction and the remainder of the gaseous reactants enters and passes through the cylindrical outer perforated wall of each of the catalyst-containing baskets substantially in the radial direction.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于压力下气态反应物的非均相催化反应的反应器，包括：具有用于引入气态反应物的入口和用于反应产物流出的出口的容器; 具有放置在容器内并与入口和出口连通的圆柱形壁的盒; 至少两个固定床，含催化剂的篮子被支撑在筒内，每个篮子包括无孔底部部分，圆柱形外部穿孔壁，圆柱形内同心穿孔壁和由内部和外部穿孔壁限定的环形开口 在每个固定床的上端，含催化剂的篮子，开口形成在大致垂直于内部和外部穿孔壁的纵向轴线的平面中，底部和内部和外部穿孔壁与圆柱形的 形成部分限制性的轴向流动装置，由此一部分气态反应物基本上在轴向方向上进入或离开并穿过每个固定床，含催化剂的篮子中的环形开口，其余气体 反应物进入并穿过每个催化剂容器的圆柱形外部穿孔壁 筐基本上在径向上。

公开(公告)号：US4217114A

公开(公告)日：1980-08-12

申请号：US562798

申请日：1975-03-27

Applicant: Vincenzo Lagana' ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Vincenzo Lagana' ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J2/02 ,  B01D47/10 ,  B01J2/00 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C05C9/00 ,  B01D47/02

CPC classification number: C05C9/005 ,  B01D47/10

Abstract: Urea in powder, formed in the course of a prilling opration in which molten urea is delivered to a prilling tower adjacent its upper end for the formation of droplets which descend to the bottom of the prilling tower through a countercurrent stream of cooling air delivered to the prilling tower adjacent its lower end and which entrains that urea powder, is recovered by withdrawing the stream of air and urea powder from the upper end of the prilling tower and feeding it to an ejector connected with a collecting tank. Motive power is supplied to the ejector by feeding an aqueous liquid to it and that liquid transports the urea constituting the powder to a collecting tank from which the urea is recovered.

Abstract translation: 在造粒运动过程中形成的尿素，其中熔融尿素被递送到邻近其上端的造粒塔，用于形成通过递送到所述造粒塔的冷却空气的逆流流下降到造粒塔的底部的液滴 造粒塔靠近其下端并夹带尿素粉末，通过从造粒塔的上端排出空气和尿素粉末流并将其送入与收集罐连接的喷射器来回收。 通过向其中供给水性液体来将动力供给到喷射器，并且液体将构成粉末的尿素输送到从其回收尿素的收集罐。

公开(公告)号：US3954861A

公开(公告)日：1976-05-04

申请号：US514237

申请日：1974-10-11

Applicant: Mario Guadalupi ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Mario Guadalupi ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C273/04 ,  C07C126/00

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/142

Abstract: In a process for the production of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide by feeding ammonia and carbon dioxide into a reactor, reacting the ammonia and carbon dioxide so as to produce an effluent aqueous solution of urea contaminated with ammonium carbamate, stripping the ammonium carbamate from the said solution in the presence of a stripping agent selected from ammonia and carbondioxide so as to produce an aqueous solution of urea substantially free from ammonium carbamate and a vapor phase of ammonia and carbon dioxide, and condensing ammonia and carbon dioxide to form a solution of carbamate for recycle into the reactor, and feeding ammonium carbamate to the reactor by entraining it in a stream of ammonia fed to the reactor through an ejector.

Abstract translation: 在通过将氨和二氧化碳进料到反应器中从氨和二氧化碳生产尿素的过程中，使氨和二氧化碳反应，以产生被氨基甲酸铵污染的尿素的流出水溶液，从氨基甲酸铵 所述溶液在选自氨和二氧化碳的汽提剂存在下，以便产生基本上不含氨基甲酸铵的尿素水溶液和氨和二氧化碳的气相，并将氨和二氧化碳冷凝以形成氨基甲酸酯溶液 用于再循环到反应器中，并将氨基甲酸铵通过将其引入通过喷射器供给到反应器的氨气流中而将氨基甲酸铵加入到反应器中。

公开(公告)号：US3936499A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-03

申请号：US39292

申请日：1970-05-21

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana ,  Carlo Mantegazza

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana ,  Carlo Mantegazza

IPC: B01J2/02 ,  C05C9/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C239/00 ,  C07C273/02 ,  C07C126/00

CPC classification number: C05C9/005 ,  B01J2/02 ,  C07C273/02

Abstract: A process is described wherein prilled urea of low biuret content is prepared by crystallizing urea of low biuret content by melting from only 30 to 70 percent of the urea crystals through the application of heat thereto, and forming a heterogeneous mixture of the unmelted crystals in the melted urea. That mixture is then fed to conventional pelleting apparatus.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种方法，其中制备低缩二脲含量的造粒尿素通过使低缩二脲含量的尿素通过仅通过加热向其中的30-70％的尿素晶体进行熔融而形成非离子混合物来制备， 融化尿素。 然后将该混合物送入常规造粒装置。

公开(公告)号：US5882606A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US739814

申请日：1996-10-30

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B32B27/04

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C01C1/0452 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: In a method of modernizing a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor (1) of the type comprising an external shell (2), in which at least one catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is supported, the catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is connected to an external boiler (21), for generating high pressure steam, by means of a reacted gas outlet nozzle (4) and a conduit (29) extending in said nozzle (4) thereby forming an annular airspace (30). Advantageously, the airspace (30) defines an outlet flowpath of the gases cooled in the boiler (21) which avoids overheating of the nozzle (4).

Abstract translation: 在使包含至少一个催化床（15,16,17）的外壳（2）的类型的非均相放热合成反应器（1）的现代化方法中，催化床（15,16,17） ）连接到外部锅炉（21），用于通过反应的气体出口喷嘴（4）和在所述喷嘴（4）中延伸的导管（29）产生高压蒸汽，从而形成环形空间（30）。 有利地，空域（30）限定在锅炉（21）中冷却的气体的出口流动路径，其避免喷嘴（4）的过热。

公开(公告)号：US5276183A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-04

申请号：US824941

申请日：1992-01-24

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C273/04

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/142 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: Process for the industrial synthesis of urea, in which ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are reacted in at least one reaction space SR at high temperature and pressure and the unreacted materials are treated in a recovery section, said synthesis comprising: a) a reaction between highly pure reagents; and b) a reaction between less pure reagents substantially recycled from said recovery section, characterized by the fact that reaction stage A for high Yield majority synthesis (HEPC), between very pure reagents, operating at a higher pressure (Pmax) for example above 300 kg/cm2 abs and preferably at about 400 kg/cm2 abs, is followed by a flash stage F1 operating at pressures lower by at least 40% than said pressure (Pmax) preferably lower than 200 kg/cm2 abs, the gas effluent GF1 from the above-mentioned flash stage F1 being fed to reaction stage B for minority synthesis of less pure reagents operating at a pressure below 200 kg/cm2 abs, while the liquid effluent EL1 from the abovementioned flash stage, together with effluent EB from stage B of minority reaction operating in parallel with majority reaction stage A, feeds a recovery section RE consisting of two decomposition stages D1 and D2 operating in series: the first D1 being at a pressure lower than 100 kg/cm2 abs preferably at 50 kg/cm2 abs; the second D2 operating at a pressure lower than 50 kg/cm2 abs preferably at 20 kg/cm2 abs.

Abstract translation: 用于工业合成尿素的方法，其中氨（NH 3）和二氧化碳（CO 2）在高温和高压下在至少一个反应空间SR中反应，未反应的物质在回收段中处理，所述合成包括： ）高纯试剂之间的反应; 和b）基本上从所述回收部分再循环的较不纯的试剂之间的反应，其特征在于，在高纯度试剂之间的高收率多数合成（HEPC）的反应级A在较高压力（Pmax）下操作，例如高于300 kg / cm 2 abs，优选约400kg / cm2 abs，然后是闪蒸阶段F1，在低于所述压力（Pmax）至少40％的压力下操作，优选低于200kg / cm 2 abs，气体流出物GF1来自 将上述闪蒸级F1进料到反应级B，用于少量合成在低于200kg / cm2 abs的压力下操作的较不纯的试剂，同时来自上述闪蒸级的液体流出物EL1以及来自B级的流出物EB 少数反应与大多数反应阶段A并行操作，进料由两个分解阶段D1和D2串联运行的回收段RE：第一个D1的压力低于100kg / cm2 abs，优选在 50 kg / cm2 abs; 第二D2在低于50kg / cm2 abs的压力下操作，优选为20kg / cm 2 abs。

公开(公告)号：US5184386A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-09

申请号：US676455

申请日：1991-03-26

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  C01B3/12

CPC classification number: C01B3/12 ,  B01J8/0214 ,  Y10T29/49716

Abstract: Reactors for the catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide are advantageously modified in situ from axial flow reactors into substantially radial flow reactors, and more particularly into axial-radial flow reactors. To this end at least an external cylindrical wall perforated for its whole length and an internal wall preferably perforated for most of its length are inserted inside the conventional reactor shell and cartridge.

Abstract translation: 用于将一氧化碳催化转化成二氧化碳的反应器有利地从轴流反应器原位改性为基本上径向流动的反应器，更具体地说是转化为轴向 - 径流反应器。 为此，至少穿过其整个长度的外部圆柱形壁和优选地穿过其大部分长度的内壁插入常规反应器壳体和筒内。