公开(公告)号：US5670040A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-23

申请号：US696205

申请日：1996-08-13

Applicant: Kawaljit Singh Ahluwalia

Inventor： Kawaljit Singh Ahluwalia

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00112 ,  B01J2219/00157 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the supercritical water oxidation of organic waste materials which avoids or at least substantially reduces the corrosion and solids deposition problems associated with prior art techniques and which provides for efficient heating of the waste material to reaction conditions. Externally heated supercritical water is fed to a compound platelet tube reactor. The compound reactor includes a reaction zone and inner (smaller) and outer (larger) concentric platelet tubes supported concentrically within a shell. The water fed to the reactor both protectively coats surfaces of the inner and outer platelet tubes facing the reaction zone and heats the waste stream to oxidation reaction conditions. Higher reaction temperatures can be used as compared to prior art processes, which significantly improves the reaction rate and permits smaller reactors to be used. The protective films of water on the surfaces of the platelet tubes, coupled with the elimination of preheating of the waste material, substantially reduces solids deposition and corrosion.

Abstract translation: 用于有机废物的超临界水氧化的方法和装置，其避免或至少基本上减少与现有技术相关的腐蚀和固体沉积问题，并提供废物对反应条件的有效加热。 将外部加热的超临界水送入复合血小板反应器。 复合反应器包括反应区和内（较小）和外（较小）的同心的小心管，同心地在壳内。 供应到反应器的水均有保护地涂覆面向反应区的内部和外部血小板管的表面，并将废物流加热至氧化反应条件。 与现有技术方法相比，可以使用更高的反应温度，这显着地提高了反应速率并允许使用较小的反应器。 在血小板管表面上的水的保护膜加上消除废物的预热，基本上减少了固体沉积和腐蚀。

公开(公告)号：US5637674A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-10

申请号：US233528

申请日：1994-04-26

Applicant: Robert L. Post, Jr.

Inventor： Robert L. Post, Jr.

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C08G73/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J3/00

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of complex organic compounds at high temperatures and internal pressures in a closed system, where autocatalytic activity is present.

Abstract translation: 一种在封闭系统中在高温和内部压力下合成复合有机化合物的方法，其中存在自催化活性。

公开(公告)号：US5552039A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-03

申请号：US274640

申请日：1994-07-13

Applicant: Roy N. McBrayer, Jr. ,  James E. Deaton ,  James M. Eller

Inventor： Roy N. McBrayer, Jr. ,  James E. Deaton ,  James M. Eller

IPC: C02F1/72 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F1/74 ,  C02F11/08

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J2219/00083 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: A high pressure and high temperature reactor, especially operating under supercritical water conditions combined with corrosive atmosphere. The reactor comprises a reaction chamber and a pressure vessel, which surrounds the reaction chamber. It has high integrity since it has only one penetration in the pressure vessel, and its size is minimized due to induced turbulent flow of the ignited reaction mixture.

Abstract translation: 高压高温反应器，特别是在超临界水条件下加上腐蚀性气氛。 反应器包括反应室和围绕反应室的压力容器。 它具有高的完整性，因为它在压力容器中仅有一个穿透，并且由于引发的点燃反应混合物的紊流而使其尺寸最小化。

公开(公告)号：US5387398A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-07

申请号：US162582

申请日：1993-12-03

Applicant: H. Harry Mueggenburg ,  Donald C. Rousar ,  Marvin F. Young

Inventor： H. Harry Mueggenburg ,  Donald C. Rousar ,  Marvin F. Young

IPC: C02F1/74 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  B01D53/34

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A reactor tube for supercritical water oxidation is designed to supply a thin, continuous layer of water along the inner surface of the reaction zone by a wall lining formed of laminated platelets individually etched and superimposed to form an array of engineered fluid passages through the wall. Each passage includes a flow metering channel of closely controlled configuration to impose a preselected level of resistance to water flowing through it, plus a distribution section which distributes the water emerging from the flow metering channel over the length of a slot-shaped exit port. The exit port is arranged in conjunction with neighboring exit ports in an array over the inner surface of the reactor such that the emerging water forms a continuous film over the surface, thereby protecting the surface from corrosion and salts deposition from the supercritical reaction medium.

Abstract translation: 用于超临界水氧化的反应器管被设计成通过由层压的血小板形成的壁衬层沿着反应区的内表面供应薄的连续的水层，所述壁衬层被分别蚀刻并叠加以形成通过壁的工程流体通道的阵列。 每个通道包括具有紧密控制构造的流量计量通道，以对流过其中的水施加预选的阻力水平，以及分配部分，其将从流量计量通道出来的水分配在狭槽形出口的长度上。 出口与反应器内表面上的阵列相邻的出口连同排列，使得出现的水在表面上形成连续的膜，从而保护表面免受来自超临界反应介质的腐蚀和盐沉积。

公开(公告)号：US5237824A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-24

申请号：US613784

申请日：1990-10-12

Applicant: Janusz B. Pawliszyn

Inventor： Janusz B. Pawliszyn

IPC: B01D11/02 ,  B01D11/04 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  F17C7/00 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/32

CPC classification number: G01N30/32 ,  B01D11/0203 ,  B01D11/0407 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/042 ,  F17C7/00 ,  F17C2205/0332 ,  F17C2205/0335 ,  F17C2221/013 ,  F17C2223/0153 ,  F17C2225/0115 ,  F17C2227/0302 ,  F17C2227/0337 ,  F17C2250/032 ,  F17C2250/043 ,  F17C2250/0439 ,  F17C2250/0626 ,  F17C2250/0631 ,  G01N2030/326 ,  G01N30/02 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A method and apparatus for delivering supercritical fluids uses one or two high pressure vessels. Each vessel is cooled below the critical temperature of the fluid while the vessel is being filled. The inlet is then closed and the vessel is heated to attain a predetermined pressure. The outlet of the vessel is then opened and supercritical fluid flows from the vessel for use in various processes such as extraction or chromatography. As the fluid flows from the high pressure vessel, the pressure is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the high pressure vessel. Usually, the temperature of the vessel will be increased as the supercritical fluid exits from the vessel. When two high pressure vessels are used, the vessels can be refilled on an alternating basis so that a continuous supply of supercritical fluid can be made available as long as it is required. The high pressure vessels can be two pieces of stainless steel tubing. The system is essentially maintenance free as there are virtually no moving parts. With previous delivery systems for high pressure fluids, high pressure pumps are used. These pumps are relatively expensive and can be subject to problems such as noise and leakage.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / CA90 / 00053 Sec。 371 1990年10月12日第 102（e）日期1990年10月12日PCT 1990年2月16日提交PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 09233 1990年8月23日。用于输送超临界流体的方法和装置使用一个或两个高压容器。 当容器被填充时，将每个容器冷却到流体的临界温度以下。 然后将入口关闭，并且将容器加热以获得预定压力。 然后打开容器的出口，超临界流体从容器流出，用于各种方法如萃取或色谱法。 当流体从高压容器流出时，通过调节高压容器的温度来控制压力。 通常，当超临界流体从容器出来时，容器的温度将增加。 当使用两个高压容器时，可以在交替的基础上重新填充容器，使得只要需要，可连续供应超临界流体。 高压容器可以是两片不锈钢管。 该系统基本上是免维护的，因为实际上没有移动部件。 使用先前的高压流体输送系统，使用高压泵。 这些泵相对昂贵，并且可能会遇到噪音和泄漏等问题。

公开(公告)号：US4992105A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-12

申请号：US236453

申请日：1988-08-25

Applicant: Johannes Werner ,  Klaus-Jurgen Hinger

Inventor： Johannes Werner ,  Klaus-Jurgen Hinger

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J8/26 ,  C13K1/02

CPC classification number: C13K1/02 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J8/26

Abstract: A plurality of reactors, which can all be interconnected selectively by way of pipes, are used for the hydrolytic separation of a cellulose-containing substrate so that a stepwise pressure reduction in one reactor is made possible and thus a stepwise pressure build-up in all the other reactors. The steam entering and leaving the reactors is used to produce a fluidized bed of the substrate. A high output with a low specific expenditure of energy is achieved by these measures.

Abstract translation: 可以通过管道选择性地互连的多个反应器用于含纤维素的基材的水解分离，使得一个反应器中的逐步减压成为可能，因此所有的步骤中的压力累积 其他反应堆。 进入和离开反应器的蒸汽用于生产基材的流化床。 通过这些措施实现了低能耗的高产出。

公开(公告)号：US4869833A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-26

申请号：US125651

申请日：1987-11-27

Applicant: Jack E. Binning ,  Frances M. Ferraro ,  Franklin B. Carlson

Inventor： Jack E. Binning ,  Frances M. Ferraro ,  Franklin B. Carlson

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08

CPC classification number: B01J19/243 ,  B01J3/042 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F11/083 ,  B01J2219/00083 ,  B01J2219/00099 ,  B01J2219/00121 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00182

Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting accelerated chemical reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures including wet oxidation of materials in waste streams. An influent waste stream or first reactant is directed through a long tubular coil within a containment vessel with a second reactant being added to the influent. The flow rates for the gas and liquid components of the waste stream are set to cause plug or slug flow of the waste stream through the tubular coil. The curvature of the coil tends to induce a secondary flow in the liquid such that the liquid tends to travel in a spiral thereby providing more intimate mixing of the reactants; and the containment vessel may be partitioned to form a series of successive compartments to permit different temperature gradients to be applied to successive sections of the tubing coil across its length. Alternatively, a tube in tube construction for the tubular coil permits counter current heat exchange betwen the waste stream within the inner tube and the returning stream. Multiple injection and extraction points are provided along the path of the tubular coil to permit gas, liquid or solid reactants to be added or extracted as desired. The tubular coil provides an excellent environmental container for the reaction stream and is extremely suitable for temperature control to permit continuous heat input, autogenic operation and continuous heat extraction.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在升高的温度和压力下进行加速化学反应的方法和装置，包括废物流中材料的湿氧化。 流入的废物流或第一反应物被引导通过容器容器内的长管状线圈，其中第二反应物被添加到流入物中。 废气流的气体和液体组分的流速被设定为使得废物流通过管状线圈堵塞或流出。 线圈的曲率倾向于在液体中引起二次流动，使得液体趋于以螺旋方式行进，从而提供反应物的更加紧密的混合; 并且容纳容器可以被分隔以形成一系列连续的隔室，以允许不同的温度梯度施加到管线圈的连续部分的整个长度上。 或者，用于管状线圈的管构造管允许在内管内的废物流和返回流之间的逆流热交换。 沿着管状线圈的路径提供多个注入和提取点，以允许根据需要添加或提取气体，液体或固体反应物。 管状线圈为反应流提供了极好的环境容器，非常适合于温度控制，以允许连续的热量输入，自动操作和连续的热提取。

公开(公告)号：US4803054A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-07

申请号：US25470

申请日：1987-03-13

Applicant: Dean R. Sillerud ,  Hermann W. Peterscheck

Inventor： Dean R. Sillerud ,  Hermann W. Peterscheck

IPC: B01J19/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  B01J10/00

CPC classification number: C02F11/083 ,  B01J3/002 ,  B01J3/042

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided a reaction apparatus having an externalized heat exchange mechanism by which heat may be added to or withdrawn from a reactant mixture. In one aspect, the present invention includes a cased well which extends approximately 5000 feet vertically into the earth in which at least one reaction vessel is suspended from a support plate at substantially ground level surface. The reaction vessel comprises an outer closed-end tube in which an inner open-end tube is disposed in a concentric manner to define an annulus which is in flow communication with the bore of the inner tube. Substantially parallel to the reaction vessel and also suspended from the ground level support plate, is a conduit which extends into the chamber defined by the well-casing. In the method of the present invention, a mixture of reactants, preferably diluted municipal waste, is injected into the annulus of the reaction vessel to form a hydrostatic column which exerts substantial fluid pressure at a reaction zone in the lower part of the reaction vessel. A heat-transfer medium, such as oil, is heated to an elevated temperature and then flowed through the conduit into the chamber where the hot heat-transfer medium envelopes the reaction vessel. Heat is transferred from the heat-transfer medium to the reactant mixture through the wall of the outer closed-end tube. In the case of an exothermic reaction, when the temperature of the reactants reaches a selected level, the reaction process gives off heat which is withdrawn by the heat exchange medium. As the reactants form reaction products, the reaction products are flowed from the annulus through the bore of the inner tube back up to ground surface level.

公开(公告)号：US4505879A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-19

申请号：US278004

申请日：1981-07-06

Applicant: Pierre Lhonore ,  Jacques Quibel ,  Bernard Jacquinot ,  Yvon Jestin ,  Robert Pelletier

Inventor： Pierre Lhonore ,  Jacques Quibel ,  Bernard Jacquinot ,  Yvon Jestin ,  Robert Pelletier

IPC: C07B43/02 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C07B31/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/02 ,  C07C205/03 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J19/26

CPC classification number: C07C201/08 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  Y10T137/85938

Abstract: A reactor for nitration of saturated hydrocarbons having less than five con atoms, alone or in admixture, in the gaseous phase under pressure is made up of a reaction enclosure, in which a tube or pipe bank is in contact with a heated fluid of high heat-exchange capacity. The inside perimeter of the tubes does not exceed 800 mm, and if circular not in excess of 250 mm, and the ratio of the surface of the tube bank, in contact with the reaction medium, to the volume of the reaction enclosure is 1:1 to 3:1.The reactor apparatus further includes a mechanical means to uniformly distribute the delivery of reaction medium gases to the various tubes of the bank so that the load difference between the most loaded tube and that of the least loaded tube is equal to 10% at the most.The reactor also includes a tube bank injector which feeds the tube bank to assure homogeneous mixing of all the reaction fluids in the tube bank.

Abstract translation: 用于在压力下在气相中单独或以混合物硝化少于五个碳原子的饱和烃的反应器由反应壳体组成，其中管或管组与高热的加热流体接触 交换容量。 管的内周长不超过800mm，如果圆形不超过250mm，并且与反应介质接触的管组的表面与反应外壳的体积之比为1： 1到3：1。 反应器装置还包括将反应介质气体均匀地分配到储存器的各种管中的机械装置，使得最负载管和最小负载管的负载差最大等于10％。 反应器还包括管堤注入器，其向管组供给以确保管组中的所有反应流体的均匀混合。

公开(公告)号：US4078899A

公开(公告)日：1978-03-14

申请号：US724633

申请日：1976-09-20

Applicant: Heinz-Jochen Keller ,  Hans-Dieter Marsch ,  Herbert Biskup

Inventor： Heinz-Jochen Keller ,  Hans-Dieter Marsch ,  Herbert Biskup

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J8/06 ,  C01B3/38 ,  G21C9/00

CPC classification number: B01J8/067 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J8/062 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C10G11/00 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2208/00495

Abstract: A reaction vessel for heating by helium under pressure comprising an upright container provided with an upper part and with a lower part constituting a heating space. In the lower container part are vertically spaced inlet and outlet openings for heated helium under pressure. The upper container part has spaced walls providing a space therebetween and two covers. The upper end of the lower container part is closed and catalyst-filled reaction tubes pass through such closure into the heating space. Inlet and outlet pipes for the reaction tubes extend in coaxial manner from the reaction tubes head through the inner wall of the upper reactor part below the cover of such inner wall, and thence through the space between the inner and outer walls and finally to the outside through the outer wall of the upper part below the cover for the outer wall. The length of the inlet and outlet pipes inside the space is more than the distance of the walls, and the coaxial pipes may be disposed in serpentine fashion.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在压力下由氦加热的反应容器，包括设有上部的立式容器和构成加热空间的下部。 在下部容器部分是用于加压氦气的垂直间隔开的入口和出口。 上部容器部分具有间隔开的壁，并在两个盖之间提供一个空间。 下部容器部分的上端是封闭的，催化剂填充的反应管通过这种闭合件进入加热空间。 用于反应管的入口管和出口管从反应管头延伸通过上部反应器部分的内壁在这种内壁的盖下方延伸，然后通过内壁和外壁之间的空间，最后延伸到外部 通过外壁上方的外壁的外壁。 空间内的入口管和出口管的长度大于壁的距离，并且同轴管可以以蛇形的方式设置。