公开(公告)号：US20190189408A1

公开(公告)日：2019-06-20

申请号：US16318858

申请日：2017-06-14

Applicant: Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo "KATOD"

Inventor： Iosif Isaakovich GOL'DBERG ,  Aleksandr Vladimirovich DOLGIKH ,  Vladimir Il'ich LOKTIONOV

IPC: H01J40/06 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J31/50

CPC classification number: H01J40/06 ,  H01J31/50 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J2201/3423

Abstract: A photocathode assembly of a vacuum photoelectronic device with a semi-transparent photocathode that consists of an input window in the form of a disk made from sapphire, layers of heteroepitaxial structure of gallium nitride compounds as a semi-transparent photocathode grown on the inner surface of the input window, and an element for connecting the input window with a vacuum photoelectronic device housing, which is vacuum-tight fixed on the outer surface of the input window at its periphery. The element for connecting of the input window with the vacuum photoelectronic device housing is made of a bimetal, in which a layer that is not in contact with the outer surface of the input window consists of a material with a temperature coefficient of linear expansion that differs from the temperature coefficient of linear expansion of sapphire by no more than 10% in the temperature range from 20° C. to 200° C.

公开(公告)号：US20160233044A1

公开(公告)日：2016-08-11

申请号：US15029336

申请日：2014-08-08

Applicant: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.

Inventor： Takaaki NAGATA ,  Yasumasa HAMANA ,  Kimitsugu NAKAMURA

IPC: H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J1/32 ,  H01J40/06

CPC classification number: H01J1/34 ,  H01J1/32 ,  H01J40/06 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/10

Abstract: A transmission mode photocathode comprises: an optically transparent substrate having an outside face to which light is incident, and an inside face from which the light incident to the outside face side is output; a photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the inside face side of the optically transparent substrate and configured to convert the light output from the inside face into a photoelectron or photoelectrons; and an optically-transparent electroconductive layer comprising graphene, and disposed between the optically transparent substrate and the photoelectric conversion layer.

Abstract translation: 透射模式光电阴极包括：具有入射光的外表面的光学透明基板和入射到外表面侧的光的内表面; 光电转换层，设置在所述光学透明基板的内表面侧，并且被配置为将从所述内表面输出的光转换为光电子或光电子; 以及包含石墨烯的光学透明导电层，并设置在光学透明基板和光电转换层之间。

公开(公告)号：US20130299703A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-14

申请号：US13775253

申请日：2013-02-25

Applicant: Edward James Morton

Inventor： Edward James Morton

IPC: H01J40/04 ,  G01T1/208 ,  G01T1/16

CPC classification number: H01J43/30 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/208 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/18

Abstract: The invention provides a switchable photomultiplier switchable between a detecting state and a non-detecting state including a cathode upon which incident radiation is arranged to impinge. The photomultiplier also includes a series of dynodes arranged to amplify a current created at the cathode upon detection of photoradiation. The invention also provides a detection system arranged to detect radiation-emitting material in an object. The system includes a detector switchable between a detecting state in which the detector is arranged to detect radiation and a non-detecting state in which the detector is arranged to not detect radiation. The system further includes a controller arranged to control switching of the detector between the states such that the detector is switched to the non-detecting state whilst an external radiation source is irradiating the object.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种可切换的光电倍增器，其可在检测状态和非检测状态之间切换，包括入射辐射被布置成入射的阴极。 光电倍增管还包括一系列倍增电极，其布置成在检测到光辐射时放大阴极产生的电流。 本发明还提供了一种检测系统，用于检测物体中的辐射发射材料。 该系统包括可在检测器被布置成检测辐射的检测状态和检测器被布置为不检测辐射的非检测状态之间切换的检测器。 该系统还包括控制器，其布置成控制检测器在状态之间的切换，使得当外部辐射源照射物体时检测器切换到非检测状态。

公开(公告)号：US20120274204A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-01

申请号：US13548772

申请日：2012-07-13

Applicant: Hiroyuki KYUSHIMA ,  Hideki SHIMOI ,  Akihiro KAGEYAMA ,  Keisuke INOUE ,  Masuo ITO

Inventor： Hiroyuki KYUSHIMA ,  Hideki SHIMOI ,  Akihiro KAGEYAMA ,  Keisuke INOUE ,  Masuo ITO

IPC: H01J43/18 ,  B44C1/22 ,  B32B38/00

CPC classification number: H01J43/08 ,  H01J9/26 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/24

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有能够容易地实现高检测精度和精细处理的结构的光电倍增管及其制造方法。 光电倍增管包括具有内部保持在真空状态的外壳，而响应于入射光发射电子的光电阴极，电子倍增器部分以级联方式从光电阴极发射的电子和用于取出二次电子的阳极 在电子倍增器部分中产生的电极被布置在外壳中。 外壳的一部分由具有平坦部分的玻璃基板构成，而电子倍增器部分和阳极中的每一个二维地布置在玻璃基板的平坦部分上。

公开(公告)号：US20090108180A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-30

申请号：US12262156

申请日：2008-10-30

Applicant: Michael R. Saldana

Inventor： Michael R. Saldana

IPC: H01J40/14 ,  H01J43/00

CPC classification number: H01J43/08 ,  G02B23/12 ,  H01J31/507 ,  H01J2231/5016

Abstract: An advanced image intensifier assembly provides enhanced functionality. A grounded photocathode provides shielding from electromagnetic interference, improving the ability to work in multiple light conditions. Bi-directional wireless communication and non-volatile storage allow critical information to be permanently stored and read wirelessly at a scanning station, easing in identification of units. Because bi-directional communication components can be embedded within an image intensifier assembly, existing end-user night vision devices can be upgraded by simply replacing the image intensifier assembly. For enhanced safety, a programmable shutdown capability is provided. This renders the device inoperative in the absence of continuous input, either wireless or manual, from an authorized operator, thus rendering the device useless if captured by enemy combatants. Finally, direct 1-volt operation enables the device to be powered by, for example, a single AA battery.

Abstract translation: 先进的图像增强器组件提供增强的功能。 接地的光电阴极提供屏蔽电磁干扰，提高在多光条件下工作的能力。 双向无线通信和非易失性存储允许在扫描站永久存储和读取关键信息，从而减少单元的识别。 由于双向通信组件可以嵌入图像增强器组件中，所以可以通过简单地替换图像增强器组件来升级现有的终端用户夜视设备。 为了增强安全性，提供了可编程关断功能。 这使得设备在没有来自授权操作员的无线或手动的连续输入的情况下不工作，因此如果被敌方战斗人员捕获，则该设备无用。 最后，直接1伏操作可以使器件由例如单个AA电池供电。

公开(公告)号：US20050045866A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-03

申请号：US10961142

申请日：2004-10-12

Applicant: Hirofumi Kan ,  Minoru Niigaki ,  Masashi Ohta ,  Yasufumi Takagi ,  Shoichi Uchiyama

Inventor： Hirofumi Kan ,  Minoru Niigaki ,  Masashi Ohta ,  Yasufumi Takagi ,  Shoichi Uchiyama

IPC: H01J1/34 ,  H01J29/38 ,  H01J31/50 ,  H01J40/06 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01L29/06

CPC classification number: H01J31/507 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J40/06 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J2231/50021

Abstract: Ultraviolet light incident from the side of a surface layer 5 passes through the surface layer 5 to reach an optical absorption layer 4. Light which reaches the optical absorption layer 4 is absorbed within the optical absorption layer 4, and photoelectrons are generated within the optical absorption layer 4. Photoelectrons diffuse within the optical absorption layer 4, and reach the interface between the optical absorption layer 4 and the surface layer 5. Because the energy band is curved in the vicinity of the interface between the optical absorption layer 4 and surface layer 5, the energy of the photoelectrons is larger than the electron affinity in the surface layer 5, and so photoelectrons are easily ejected to the outside. Here, the optical absorption layer 4 is formed from an Al0.3Ga0.7N layer with an Mg content concentration of not less than 2×1019 cm−3 but not more than 1×1020 cm−3, so that a solar-blind type semiconductor photocathode 1 with high quantum efficiency is obtained.

Abstract translation: 从表面层5侧入射的紫外光通过表层5到达光吸收层4.到达光吸收层4的光被吸收在光吸收层4内，并且在光吸收中产生光电子 光电子在光吸收层4内扩散，并到达光吸收层4和表面层5之间的界面。因为能带在光吸收层4和表面层5之间的界面附近弯曲 ，光电子的能量大于表面层5中的电子亲和力，因此光电子容易被排出到外部。 这里，光吸收层4由Mg含量浓度不小于2×10 19 cm -3但不大于1×10 20 cm -3的Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 N层形成，因此 得到具有高量子效率的太阳能型半导体光电阴极1。

公开(公告)号：US06628072B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09855043

申请日：2001-05-14

Applicant: Richard A. Craig ,  Mary Bliss

Inventor： Richard A. Craig ,  Mary Bliss

IPC: H01J4006

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/08

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the quantum efficiency of a photomultiplier tube by providing a photocathode with an increased surface-to-volume ratio. The photocathode includes a transparent substrate, upon one major side of which is formed one or more large aspect-ratio structures, such as needles, cones, fibers, prisms, or pyramids. The large aspect-ratio structures are at least partially composed of a photoelectron emitting material, i.e., a material that emits a photoelectron upon absorption of an optical photon. The large aspect-ratio structures may be substantially composed of the photoelectron emitting material (i.e., formed as such upon the surface of a relatively flat substrate) or be only partially composed of a photoelectron emitting material (i.e., the photoelectron emitting material is coated over large aspect-ratio structures formed from the substrate material itself.) The large aspect-ratio nature of the photocathode surface allows for an effective increase in the thickness of the photocathode relative the absorption of optical photons, thereby increasing the absorption rate of incident photons, without substantially increasing the effective thickness of the photocathode relative the escape incidence of the photoelectrons.

公开(公告)号：US06303918B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-16

申请号：US09383116

申请日：1999-08-25

Applicant: Joseph P. Estrera ,  Adriana Giordana ,  John W. Glesener

Inventor： Joseph P. Estrera ,  Adriana Giordana ,  John W. Glesener

IPC: H01J3150

CPC classification number: H01J31/507 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/246 ,  H01J2231/50073 ,  H01J2231/5016

Abstract: A method for detecting radiation comprising nine steps is disclosed. Step one, forming a detector having a photocathode (22) with a protective layer (22c) of cesium, oxygen and fluorine; a microchannel plate (MCP) (24); and an electron receiver (26). Step two, receiving radiation at the photocathode (22). Step three, photocathode (22) discharging electrons (34) in response to the received photons. Step four, accelerating discharged electrons (34) from the photocathode (22) to the input face (24a) of the microchannel plate (24). Step five, receiving the electrons (34) at the input face (24a) of the microchannel plate (24). Step six, generating a cascade of secondary emission electrons (36) in the microchannel plate (24) in response to the received electrons (34). Step seven, emitting the secondary emission electrons (36) from the output face (24b) of the microchannel plate (24). Step eight, receiving secondary emission electrons (36) at the electron receiver (26). Step nine, producing an output characteristic of the secondary emission electrons (36). A device for detecting radiation is disclosed. The device comprises a photocathode (22), a microchannel plate (24) and an electron receiver (26). The photocathode (22) is operable to receive radiation on an input side (22a) and to discharge electrons (34) from its output side (22b) in response. The output side (22b) of the photocathode (22) has a protective layer (22c) comprising cesium, oxygen and fluorine. The microchannel plate (24) serves to receive electrons (34) on its input face (24a) from the photocathode (22), to produce a cascade of secondary emission electrons (36) and to discharge those electrons (36) from its output face (24b). The electron receiver (26) is operable to receive secondary emissions electrons (36) from the microchannel plate (24) and to produce an output characteristic of those electrons (36).

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于检测辐射的方法，包括九个步骤。 步骤一，形成具有光电阴极（22）的检测器，其具有铯，氧和氟的保护层（22c）; 微通道板（MCP）（24）; 和电子接收器（26）。 步骤二，在光电阴极（22）处接收辐射。 步骤三，响应于接收到的光子，光电阴极（22）放电电子（34）。 步骤四，将放电电子（34）从光电阴极（22）加速到微通道板（24）的输入面（24a）。 步骤五，在微通道板（24）的输入面（24a）处接收电子（34）。 步骤6，响应于接收到的电子（34），在微通道板（24）中产生二次发射电子（36）的级联。 步骤七，从微通道板（24）的输出面（24b）发射二次发射电子（36）。 步骤八，在电子接收器（26）处接收二次发射电子（36）。 第九步，产生二次发射电子的输出特性（36）。 公开了一种用于检测辐射的装置。 该装置包括光电阴极（22），微通道板（24）和电子接收器（26）。 光电阴极（22）可操作以在输入侧（22a）上接收辐射并响应于从其输出侧（22b）放电电子（34）。 光电阴极（22）的输出侧（22b）具有包含铯，氧和氟的保护层（22c）。 微通道板（24）用于在其光电阴极（22）的输入面（24a）上接收电子（34），以产生级联的二次发射电子（36），并从其输出面 （24 <意大利

公开(公告)号：US20010001226A1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-17

申请号：US09741826

申请日：2000-12-22

Applicant: Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.

Inventor： Tokuaki Nihashi

IPC: H01J040/16

CPC classification number: H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J2201/3423 ,  H01J2231/50021

Abstract: A photocathode having a UV glass substrate and a laminate composed of a SiO2 layer, a GaAlN layer, a Group III-V nitride semiconductor layer and an AlN buffer layer provided on the UV glass substrate in succession. The UV glass substrate, which absorbs infrared rays, can be heat treated at a high speed by photoheating. Further, the UV glass substrate, which is transparent to ultraviolet rays, permits ultraviolet rays to be introduced into the Group III-V nitride semiconductor layer where photoelectric conversion occurs.

Abstract translation: 具有UV玻璃基板和由UV玻璃基板上设置的SiO 2层，GaAlN层，III-V族氮化物半导体层和AlN缓冲层构成的层叠体的光电阴极。 吸收红外线的紫外线玻璃基板可以通过光热进行高速热处理。 此外，对紫外线透明的紫外线玻璃基板，能够在发生光电转换的III-V族氮化物半导体层中引入紫外线。

公开(公告)号：US5886341A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US902329

申请日：1997-07-29

Applicant: Naohisa Tateishi ,  Hisaki Kato ,  Katurou Hikita

Inventor： Naohisa Tateishi ,  Hisaki Kato ,  Katurou Hikita

IPC: H01J9/44 ,  H01J7/24 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J40/02 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/28 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J7/24 ,  H01J43/08

Abstract: A photomultiplier includes a cathode supporting member, arranged in a tube and comprised of a conductive material, for holding a photocathode, and a holding mechanism, comprised of a heat conductive material, for biasing the cathode holding member to hold it. The holding mechanism is thermally connected to a cooler.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管包括阴极支撑构件，其布置在管中并且由用于保持光电阴极的导电材料构成，以及由导热材料构成的保持机构，用于使阴极保持构件偏压保持。 保持机构与冷却器热连接。