Abstract:
A breathing gas regulator for an aviator comprises an oxygen supply, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pressure reducing valve, and a branch line intermediate the two pressure reducing valves for conveying gas to pressurize the aviator suit in the event of cabin pressure failure. The second pressure reducing valve acts as a demand regulator supplying breathing gas at a normal breathing pressure of about 20 mm water column. The breathing gas outlet includes an air injector open to the cabin at cabin altitudes of up to 6 km for mixing air with the oxygen. The branch line includes a pressure responsive valve which shuts off the air supply at a cabin altitude of 6 km. Thus, the regulator supplies 100 percent oxygen at higher cabin altitudes. The branch line also includes a pressure-responsive control for increasing the breathing gas pressure in the event of a loss of cabin pressure. In that event, the control unit increases the gas pressure supplied by the demand regulator an amount necessitated by the altitude. The branch line supplies gas to pressurize the suit and the amount of this pressure is conveniently set by controls as a function of breathing gas pressure. For example, suit pressure may be approximately 3.5 times breathing gas pressure. The device preferably includes a g-susceptible valve for pressurizing the suit to counter the effect of g-forces to which the aviator is subjected. In this event, suit pressure is controlled by suitable means, such as a shuttle valve, such that it will be a function of breathing gas pressure or the magnitude of a gas signal produced by the g-forces, whichever is greater.
Abstract:
A PRESSURE CHAMBER FOR STORING ORGANIC TRANSPLANT AND SUPPLYING THEM WITHIN OXYGENATED BLOOD IS PROVIDED WITH AN OXYGENATOR AND A BLOOD PUMP IN THE CHAMBER. THE PUMP IS DRIVEN FROM A MOTOR OUTSIDE THE CHAMBER SO AS TO AVOID PRESSURE INFLUENCE ON THE BLOOD, A PRESSURETIGHT TRANSMISSION CONNECTING THE MOTOR WITH THE PUMP THROUGH THE CHAMBER WALL.
Abstract:
An apparatus useful for measuring the optical properties of a liquid which comprises a cylinder having at least a portion thereof constructed of a transparent material, inlet means at one end of said cylinder for introducing liquid into the cylinder, outlet means at the other end of said cylinder, a piston slidably mounted in said cylinder to define a first portion and a second portion in said cylinder, said first portion being adjacent to said inlet means, a passageway through said piston communicating with said first and second portions and with said outlet means, a valve means positioned in said passageway and adapted to close said passageway when the volume of said first portion is increased by movement of the piston and to open said passageway when the volume of said first portion is decreased by movement of the piston. The apparatus permits reliable measurement of the transparency to light of light samples in the chamber by keeping the walls clean so that the light for one sample does not contaminate or otherwise affect a sample likewise subsequently drawn in.
Abstract:
An apparatus for regulating the liquid pressure in a measuring pipette which comprises a measuring pipette, a pump, a pressure equalizer, a first means for conveying liquid for said pump to said pressure equalizer, a second means for conveying liquid from said pressure equalizer to said measuring pipette, said pressure equalizer comprising a variable volume chamber having an outlet communicating with said second means and an inlet communicating with said first means, valve means disposed in said variable volume chamber, said valve means communicating with said inlet and adapted to close when the variable volume chamber reaches a predetermined volume.
Abstract:
A device for making visible and/or registering the flux density of gamma-quanta or the two-dimensional density distribution of beta-particles includes a gas and vapor-filled spark discharge chamber with a flat cathode, a flat, grid-form anode and a gridform auxiliary electrode arranged therein. The cathode is positioned parallel to and spaced from the anode and the auxiliary electrode is located therebetween. A high-voltage source is connected to the electrodes and an integrating recorder registers the pattern of the spark discharges between the auxiliary electrode and the anode such as caused by entering radiation. The auxiliary electrode is galvanically connected to the cathode and is spaced therefrom a distance such that the electron cloud which triggers the spark discharge is not attenuated by electron attachment in the space between cathode and auxiliary electrode.
Abstract:
A line scanner for infrared radiation includes a rotatable unit including an optical system which transmits received radiation to an infrared detector during a scanning period determined by an aperture in the wall of a housing for the unit. A reference heat source in the form of a metallic plate is mounted on the interior wall of the housing peripherally of the rotatable unit so that the radiation produced thereby passes through the entire optical system during scanning by the system.
Abstract:
A line scanner for infrared radiation includes a rotatable unit which houses two optical systems, each responsive to different ranges of wavelength. A deflector arrangement deflects the optical axes of these systems in two directions along the axis of rotation of the unit. The first optical system is connected to an infrared detector whereas the second system is used for orientation purposes either by (1) forming a visible image of the field to be scanned or (2) emitting light pulses in a predetermined direction for reference.
Abstract:
A fluidistor fluid control device comprising a plurality of channels such as Laval nozzles, each channel extending from a control jet inlet to an outlet, such that the direction of flow of fluid through the channel is dependent on the relative flow characteristics of the channels. These flow characteristics can be varied by varying the shape or size of the channels, or by applying a separate control fluid to the interior of one or more of the channels.
Abstract:
A SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE REFRACTIVE INDEX ALONG A PATH IS PROVIDED WHEREIN TWO LIGHT SIGNALS, WHICH ARE OF DIFFERENT COLORS AND WHICH ARE INTENSITY-MODULATED WITH DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES, ARE TRANSMITTED ALONG THE PATH TO A RECEIVER INCLUDING A PHASE DETECTOR. THE PHASE DETECTOR PRODUCES AN OUTPUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PHASE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SIGNALS, WHICH OUTPUT IS A MEASURE OF THE DIFFERENCE IN REFRACTIVE INDEX FOR THE TWO COLORS. THE RECEIVER INCLUDES A PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE WHICH PROVIDES HETERODYNING OF THE SIGNALS TO FORM A DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY SIGNAL WHOSE PHASE REPRESENTS THE PHASE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO COLOR SIGNALS. EACH COLOR IS ALTERNATELY MODULATED WITH ONE OR THE OTHER OF TWO FREQUENCIES RESULTING IN A DOUBLING OF THE SIGNAL AT THE RECEIVER. ONE OF THE SIGNALS MAY BE DELAYED AT THE TRANSMITTER SO THAT THE SIGNALS ARE OF EQUAL PHASE AT THE RECEIVER, THE RECEIVER SERVING AS A NULL INSTRUMENT AND THE DELAY BEING A MEASURE OF THE REFRACTIVE INDEX.