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    Sol-gel method for encapsulating molecules
    34.
    发明授权
    Sol-gel method for encapsulating molecules 有权
    用于封装分子的溶胶 - 凝胶法

    公开(公告)号：US06495352B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-12-17

    申请号：US09548638

    申请日：2000-04-13

    Applicant: C. Jeffrey Brinker ,  Carol S. Ashley ,  Rimple Bhatia ,  Anup K. Singh

    Inventor： C. Jeffrey Brinker ,  Carol S. Ashley ,  Rimple Bhatia ,  Anup K. Singh

    IPC: C12N1114

    CPC classification number: C12N11/14 ,  Y10S436/815 ,  Y10S436/829

    Abstract: A method for encapsulating organic molecules, and in particular, biomolecules using sol-gel chemistry. A silica sol is prepared from an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution, such as a mixture of silicon dioxide and sodium or potassium oxide in water. The pH is adjusted to a suitably low value to stabilize the sol by minimizing the rate of siloxane condensation, thereby allowing storage stability of the sol prior to gelation. The organic molecules, generally in solution, is then added with the organic molecules being encapsulated in the sol matrix. After aging, either a thin film can be prepared or a gel can be formed with the encapsulated molecules. Depending upon the acid used, pH, and other processing conditions, the gelation time can be from one minute up to several days. In the method of the present invention, no alcohols are generated as by-products during the sol-gel and encapsulation steps. The organic molecules can be added at any desired pH value, where the pH value is generally chosen to achieve the desired reactivity of the organic molecules. The method of the present invention thereby presents a sufficiently mild encapsulation method to retain a significant portion of the activity of the biomolecules, compared with the activity of the biomolecules in free solution.

    Abstract translation: 一种封装有机分子的方法，特别是使用溶胶 - 凝胶化学的生物分子。 二氧化硅溶胶由碱金属硅酸盐水溶液如二氧化硅和氧化钠在水中的混合物制备。 通过使硅氧烷缩合的速度最小化，将pH调节到适当的低值以稳定溶胶，由此允许在凝胶化之前溶胶的储存稳定性。 然后通常在溶液中的有机分子加入被包封在溶胶基质中的有机分子。 老化后，可以制备薄膜或用封装的分子形成凝胶。 根据使用的酸，pH和其他加工条件，凝胶化时间可以从一分钟到几天。 在本发明的方法中，在溶胶 - 凝胶和包封步骤期间不产生作为副产物的醇。 有机分子可以以任何所需的pH值加入，其中通常选择pH值以实现有机分子的所需反应性。 因此，与游离溶液中的生物分子的活性相比，本发明的方法提供了足够温和的包封方法以保持生物分子的活性的显着部分。

    Printable reflective features formed from multiple inks and processes for making them
    37.
    发明授权
    Printable reflective features formed from multiple inks and processes for making them 有权
    可打印的反射特征由多种油墨和工艺制成

    公开(公告)号：US08070186B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-12-06

    申请号：US11443248

    申请日：2006-05-31

    Applicant: Richard A. Einhorn ,  Mark J. Hampden-Smith ,  Scott T. Haubrich ,  Rimple Bhatia

    Inventor： Richard A. Einhorn ,  Mark J. Hampden-Smith ,  Scott T. Haubrich ,  Rimple Bhatia

    IPC: B42D15/00

    CPC classification number: B42D25/415 ,  B42D25/29 ,  B42D25/378 ,  B42D2033/18 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  Y10S283/901 ,  Y10T29/49885

    Abstract: The invention relates to reflective features formed from multiple inks. In one embodiment, the reflective feature includes a substrate having a first region and a second region, the first and second regions having different surface characteristics; a first reflective element disposed on the first region; and a second reflective element disposed on the second region, wherein the first reflective element is more adherent than the second reflective element to the first region. In another embodiment, the reflective feature includes multiple layers formed from different inks exhibiting enhanced reflectivity and/or durability. The invention is also to processes for forming these features, preferably through a direct write printing process.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及由多种油墨形成的反射特征。 在一个实施例中，反射特征包括具有第一区域和第二区域的衬底，第一和第二区域具有不同的表面特性; 设置在所述第一区域上的第一反射元件; 以及设置在所述第二区域上的第二反射元件，其中所述第一反射元件比所述第二反射元件更贴近所述第一区域。 在另一个实施方案中，反射特征包括由表现出增强的反射率和/或耐久性的不同油墨形成的多层。 本发明还涉及用于形成这些特征的方法，优选通过直接写入印刷方法。

    PRINTABLE FEATURES FORMED FROM MULTIPLE INKS AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING THEM
    40.
    发明申请
    PRINTABLE FEATURES FORMED FROM MULTIPLE INKS AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING THEM 有权
    由多个墨水组成的可打印功能及其制作工艺

    公开(公告)号：US20080043085A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-02-21

    申请号：US11756225

    申请日：2007-05-31

    Applicant: Richard Einhorn ,  Mark Hampden-Smith ,  Scott Haubrich ,  Rimple Bhatia

    Inventor： Richard Einhorn ,  Mark Hampden-Smith ,  Scott Haubrich ,  Rimple Bhatia

    IPC: B41J3/407

    CPC classification number: B42D25/415 ,  B42D25/29 ,  B42D25/378 ,  B42D2033/18 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  Y10S283/901 ,  Y10T29/49885

    Abstract: The invention relates to reflective and non-reflective features formed from multiple inks. In one embodiment, the printed feature comprises a substrate having a first region and a second region, the first and second regions having different surface characteristics; a first printed element disposed on the first region; and a second printed element disposed on the second region, wherein the first printed element is more adherent than the second printed element to the first region. In another embodiment, the printed feature comprises multiple layers formed from different inks exhibiting enhanced durability. The invention is also to processes for forming these features, preferably through a direct write printing process.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及由多种油墨形成的反射和非反射特征。 在一个实施例中，印刷特征包括具有第一区域和第二区域的基底，第一和第二区域具有不同的表面特征; 布置在所述第一区域上的第一印刷元件; 以及设置在所述第二区域上的第二印刷元件，其中所述第一印刷元件比所述第二印刷元件比所述第一区域更粘附。 在另一个实施方案中，印刷特征包括由表现出增强的耐久性的不同油墨形成的多个层。 本发明还涉及用于形成这些特征的方法，优选通过直接写入印刷方法。

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