Abstract:
Ethanol is prepared by contacting methanol, hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium compound, a quaternary phosphonium or ammonium base or salt and a cobalt compound such as cobalt iodide in the presence of a non-polar, substantially inert, oxygenated hydrocarbon solvent.
Abstract:
This invention concerns a process of making acetic acid and propionic acid and their esters which comprises contacting a mixture of CO and H.sub.2 with a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound and a cobalt halide dispersed in a low melting quaternary phosphonium or ammonium base or salt at a temperature of at least about 150.degree. C. and at a pressure of about 500 psig or greater.
Abstract:
This invention concerns a process of making alkanols and particularly ethanol which comprises contacting a mixture of CO and H.sub.2 at a pressure of 500 psig or greater and at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. with a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound and a cobalt-containing compound dispersed in a low melting quaternary phosphonium or ammonium base or salt.
Abstract:
A method for preparing a nanometal-polymer composite conductive film includes the steps of (1) mixing a metal oxide with a polymer solution; (2) coating a substrate with a solution resulting from step (1), followed by drying the resultant solution to form a film; (3) performing thermal treatment on the film formed in step (2); and (4) sintering the film thermally treated in step (3). The method dispenses with any reducing agent or dispersing agent but allows nanometallic particles to be formed in situ and thereby reduces surface resistance of the polymer film efficiently.
Abstract:
A pigment is dispersed in a solvent by mixing the pigment nanoparticles with clay in a layered or platelet form and mixing the resultant mixture with the solvent. The method is based on geometric inhomogeneity and mutually exclusive aggregation. The layered or platelet clay having a high aspect ratio is provided to hinder aggregation of the pigment nanoparticles. The pigment nanoparticles can be stably dispersed in a matrix containing an organic solvent and water without aggregation again.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for collecting oil with a modified clay. By mixing the modified clay and oil, the oil can be adsorbed to the clay. The modified clay is obtained by intercalating a hydrophobic polymer such as acidified poly(oxyalkylene)-amine into layered silicate clay, mica or talc to enlarge the interlayer space. The modified clay thus becomes hydrophobic and adsorption to the oil is promoted.
Abstract:
A method for producing a complex of metallic nanoparticles and inorganic clay and an organic promoter, wherein the organic promoter is ethanolamine, for example, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA). The metallic nanoparticles produced by this method can be stably and uniformly dispersed without adding other reducing agent or dispersant.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses an inorganic/organic mixed component (I/O) dispersant and applications thereof, which is primarily applied to dispersing nanoparticles of metal oxides. The I/O dispersant of the present invention can be a composite of inorganic clay and an organic surfactant, a composite of inorganic clay and polyoxyalkylene-amine, or a composite of inorganic clay, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIB-SA) and hydrochloric acid salt or tetraalkyl quaternary salt of polyoxyalkylene-amine, or fatty amines. By mixing with the I/O dispersant of the present invention, nanoparticles of a metal oxide can be uniformly dispersed without aggregation particularly at high solid content. The dispersion has a lower viscosity and is relatively stable in storage even at high temperature.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a polymeric polyamine which can be produced by polymerizing polyoxyalkylene-amine and a linker. The linker can be anhydride, carboxylic acid, epoxy, isocyanate or poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) copolymers (SMA). The present invention also discloses a method for stabilizing the Ag nanoparticles with polymeric polyamine. The polymeric polyamine serving as a stabilizer or dispersant is mixed with a water solution of silver salt and then a reducer is provided to reduce the silver ions and form an organic or a water solution of Ag nanoparticles. Water or solvent of this solution can be further removed through a heating, freezing or decompression process, and thus solid content of the solution can be increased. The concentrated solution also can be diluted to obtain a stable dispersion without aggregation.
Abstract:
Disclosed are processes for synthesizing polyimides by a sequential self-repetitive reaction between poly (aryl carbodiimide) (p-CDI) or aryl diisocyanates with dianhydrides.