公开(公告)号：US06231827B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09144266

申请日：1998-08-31

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C01C104

CPC classification number: C07C273/10 ,  C01C1/0488 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: A process for the combined production of ammonia and urea of the type comprising an ammonia synthesis reactor (2), a urea synthesis reactor (5) and a urea recovery section (21) stands out for the fact of submitting at least a part of a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution coming from the urea recovery section (21) to a partial decomposition treatment, to obtain a flow comprising ammonia and carbon dioxide in vapor phase and a flow comprising diluted carbamate in aqueous solution, which is fed together with a gas flow comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably obtained by hydrocarbons steam reforming, and a flow comprising ammonia coming from the ammonia synthesis reactor (2) to a carbamate synthesis section (3), where ammonia and carbon dioxide are caused to react, to obtain a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution and a gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution is then sent to the urea synthesis reactor (5), while the gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen is sent to the ammonia synthesis reactor (2).

Abstract translation: 包括氨合成反应器（2），尿素合成反应器（5）和尿素回收部分（21）类型的氨和尿素的组合生产方法脱颖而出，因为提交至少一部分 将来自尿素回收部（21）的水溶液中含有氨基甲酸酯的流体进行部分分解处理，以获得气相中含有氨和二氧化碳的流动，以及在水溶液中包含稀释的氨基甲酸酯的流体，其与气体 包括氢，氮和二氧化碳的流，优选通过烃蒸汽重整获得，以及包含氨的流从氨合成反应器（2）到氨基甲酸酯合成段（3）的流动，其中使氨和二氧化碳反应， 获得在水溶液中包含氨基甲酸酯的流和包含氢和氮的气流。 然后将包含氨基甲酸酯在水溶液中的流送入尿素合成反应器（5），同时将包含氢气和氮气的气流送至氨合成反应器（2）。

公开(公告)号：US5951953A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-14

申请号：US682710

申请日：1996-07-30

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01F3/02 ,  B01F5/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/04 ,  B01J19/26 ,  F28D7/00 ,  F28D8/04

CPC classification number: B01J8/0492 ,  B01J8/0257 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  B01J8/043 ,  B01J8/0453

Abstract: The present invention relates to method for mixing gaseous flows at different temperatures. In particular, the present invention relates to heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactors of the type including a plurality of superimposed catalytic beds wherein at least one of the beds is provided with a gas permeable wall for outlet of a hot gas flow. This method includes the steps of supplying gaseous reagents to at least one bed; reacting the gaseous reagents in that bed; and collecting a hot reaction gas flow leaving the gas permeable wall in an air space defined between the bed and a baffle extending below and parallel thereto. Further steps require directing the hot gas flow in the air space radially outward to an annular opening of constant thickness defined between the baffle and a side wall supporting the bed, wherein the ratio of the width of the annular opening and the thickness of the air space being between 0.2 and 1. Then, hot gas flow is discharged from air space through the annular opening and is subjected to a pressure drop of predetermined magnitude so as to uniform its flow rate. Finally, a cooling gas flow is injected into hot gas flow thus obtained, wherein cooling gas flow is provided at predetermined velocity from a perforated distributor supported below baffle, which is at a predetermined distance from the annular opening.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP95 / 00718 Sec。 371日期：1996年7月30日 102（e）日期1996年7月30日PCT 1995年2月25日提交PCT公布。 WO95 / 23642 PCT出版物 日期1995年9月8日本发明涉及在不同温度下混合气流的方法。 特别地，本发明涉及包括多个叠加催化床的类型的异相放热合成反应器，其中至少一个床设置有用于热气流出口的气体渗透壁。 该方法包括向至少一个床提供气态试剂的步骤; 使该床中的气态试剂反应; 并收集热气体流动，将气体可渗透壁留在空气空间中，所述空气空间限定在床与位于其下方并与其平行的挡板之间。 进一步的步骤需要将空气中的热气流径向向外引导到限定在挡板和支撑床之间的侧壁之间的恒定厚度的环形开口，其中环形开口的宽度与空气空间的厚度之比 在0.2和1之间。然后，热气流从空气空间通过环形开口排出，并经受预定量级的压力降，以使流量均匀。 最后，将冷却气体流注入由此获得的热气流中，其中冷却气体流以预定的速度从支撑在与环形开口预定距离的挡板下面的穿孔分布器提供。

公开(公告)号：US5660801A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-26

申请号：US458123

申请日：1995-06-02

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J12/02 ,  C07C273/04 ,  B01J8/04

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  Y02P20/142 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the revamping of urea production plants for the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide, with a stripping section with NH3, in which the process carries out with differentiated yields, a majority reaction a) between highly pure reagents and a reaction b) between less pure substantially recycled reagents. According to the invention, the urea solution is now fed upstream the stripping section and a reactor with heat removal is utilized. Advantageously, the production capacity of the existing reactor is reduced, with respect to the projected one, in a quantity of 35% to 5%, preferably from 20% to 10%, in favor of the capacity of the "once-through" reactor.

Abstract translation: 改造用于合成氨（NH 3）和二氧化碳的尿素生产设备的工艺和设备，其中具有NH 3的汽提部分，其中该方法以差异的产率进行，多数反应a）高纯试剂和 反应b）较不纯的基本上循环的试剂之间。 根据本发明，尿素溶液现在被提供在汽提部分的上游，并且使用具有除热的反应器。 有利的是，现有反应器的生产能力相对于预计的反应器的生产能力减少了35％至5％，优选为20％至10％，有利于“一次通过”反应器的容量 。

公开(公告)号：US5585074A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-17

申请号：US366103

申请日：1994-12-29

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C01C1/00

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A method for "in-situ" modernization of a reactor for effecting heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactions, especially of the so-called Kellogg type, including the preliminary step of providing at least three radial or axial-radial catalyst beds (11, 12, 13), includes the steps of providing a first gas/gas heat exchanger (18) between the first (11) and second (12) catalyst beds and a second gas-gas heat exchanger (29) in the third catalyst bed (13). Thanks to the provision of two exchangers (18, 29) for cooling of the gases flowing between the catalyst beds by means of indirect heat exchange, the present modernization method allows to achieve a reactor with a high conversion yield.

Abstract translation: 一种用于实现异种放热合成反应（特别是所谓的凯洛格型）的反应器的现场现代化方法，包括提供至少三个径向或轴向径向催化剂床（11,12,13）的初步步骤 ）包括在第一催化剂床（11）和第二催化剂床（12）之间提供第一气体/气体热交换器（18）和第三催化剂床（13）中的第二气体 - 气体热交换器（29）的步骤。 由于提供了用于通过间接热交换来冷却在催化剂床之间流动的气体的两个交换器（18,29），所以现代化方法允许实现具有高转化率的反应器。

公开(公告)号：US5254316A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-19

申请号：US864178

申请日：1992-04-03

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Improved process to convert in situ conventional reactors with four catalytic beds with axial flow and with intermediate quenching (Kellogg reactor), Third and fourth original beds are combined thus obtaining a reactor with three beds through which the synthesis gas now flows with a substantially radial flow.

Abstract translation: 将具有轴向流动和中间淬火的四个催化床（凯洛格反应器）原位传统反应器的改进方法组合，从而获得具有三个床的反应器，合成气现在以大致径向流动流动 。

公开(公告)号：US5006316A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-09

申请号：US194402

申请日：1988-05-16

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04

CPC classification number: B01J8/0434 ,  B01J8/043 ,  B01J8/0469

Abstract: In reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, comprising a boiler and a heat exchanger inserted at least partially into the end catalytic beds, and at least an intermediate catalytic bed, two airspaces are now provided in each catalytic bed by introducing couples of annular walls, one of said airspaces being produced between the cartridge's internal wall and the perforated wall inserted close to it.

Abstract translation: 在用于非均相合成的反应器中，包括锅炉和至少部分地插入到末端催化床中的热交换器，以及至少一个中间催化床，现在通过引入一对环形壁，在每个催化床中设置两个空气空间， 在盒的内壁和靠近它插入的穿孔壁之间产生空间。

公开(公告)号：US4963338A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-16

申请号：US213369

申请日：1988-06-30

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Improved process for heterogeneous synthesis and related reactors according to which the synthesis catalyst is distributed in three catalytic beds either axial-radial or radial, control of the temperature between beds being effected by means of fresh quench gas between the first and the second bed and by means of indirect cooling with an exchanger between the second and the third bed of the gas leaving the second bed, using fresh gas which is heated inside the tubes of said exchanger.

公开(公告)号：US4670588A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-02

申请号：US640243

申请日：1984-08-13

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C67/00 ,  C07C239/00 ,  C07C273/04 ,  C07C126/02

CPC classification number: C07C273/04

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide in which high yield reaction and optimal reactor heat balance control are achieved at the same time by using two reaction zones, where two different NH.sub.3 /CO.sub.2 molar ratios are maintained, and by treating the effluent from the second reaction zone in a separation treatment in two steps in series; the reactant gas stream discharged from the second treatment step is recycled, after partial condensation, to the first reaction zone, while at least part of the gas stream discharged from the first treatment step is recycled directly to the second reaction zone, the gas stream from both the first and second treatment step being so controlled as to obtain optimal NH.sub.3 /CO.sub.2 ratios and optimal reaction temperatures in the two reaction zones.

Abstract translation: 从氨和二氧化碳合成脲的方法，其中通过使用两个不同的NH 3 / CO 2摩尔比保持两个反应区，同时实现高产率反应和最佳反应器热平衡控制，并通过处理 来自第二反应区的流出物在分离处理两个步骤中串联; 从第二处理步骤排出的反应物气流在部分冷凝后再循环到第一反应区，而从第一处理步骤排出的至少部分气流直接再循环到第二反应区， 第一和第二处理步骤都被控制以获得两个反应区中最佳的NH 3 / CO 2比和最佳反应温度。

公开(公告)号：US4314077A

公开(公告)日：1982-02-02

申请号：US216303

申请日：1980-12-15

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana'

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana'

IPC: C02F1/02 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C239/00 ,  C07C273/04 ,  C07C126/02

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  C02F1/025 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F2103/36

Abstract: In a urea producing method by synthesis, the improvement which consists in feeding liquid ammonia in excess to the reactor so that a urea solution which contains ammonium carbamate is produced, the carbamate is decomposed in a high-pressure decomposer and the stripping agent is an inert, oxygen-containing gaseous stream, the carbamate decomposition products are sent to a high pressure condenser and ammonium carbamate is formed, whereafter the carbamate is separated from the inerts and the solution of urea coming from the high-pressure decomposer is fed to a medium-pressure decomposer which is fed through its bottom with inerts. The heat for operating the medium-pressure decomposer is a hot condensate from the high-pressure-decomposer-heating steam, and the products of decomposition of the carbamate coming from the medium-pressure decomposer are sent to a medium-pressure condenser together with a solution of ammonium carbonate coming from the low-pressure sections of the installation. Virtually pure, nonpolluting waters can be discharged from the installation.

Abstract translation: 在通过合成的尿素生产方法中，改进在于将过量的液氨进料到反应器中以产生含有氨基甲酸铵的尿素溶液，氨基甲酸酯在高压分解器中分解，汽提剂是惰性的 ，含氧气流，将氨基甲酸酯分解产物送入高压冷凝器，形成氨基甲酸铵，然后将氨基甲酸酯与惰性气体分离，将来自高压分解器的尿素溶液送入中压釜， 压力分解器通过其底部进入惰性气体。 用于操作中压分解器的热量是来自高压分解器加热蒸汽的热的冷凝物，来自中压分解器的氨基甲酸酯的分解产物被送到中压冷凝器 来自安装的低压段的碳酸铵溶液。 几乎纯净，无污染的水可以从安装中排出。

公开(公告)号：US4092358A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-30

申请号：US733716

申请日：1976-10-18

Applicant: Mario Guadalupi ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Mario Guadalupi ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C273/04 ,  C07C126/00

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/142

Abstract: The improvement in the process for production of urea wherein carbon dioxide and excess ammonia are reacted in a synthesis zone producing a solution of urea contaminated with ammonium carbamate which is decomposed in a decomposer having a pressure lower than the pressure in the synthesis zone which comprises allowing the solution which passes into the decomposer to flow as a thin film over a surface heated to an extent sufficient to cause at least a part of the ammonium carbamate to decompose into gaseous carbon dioxide and ammonia, the latter recycled to the synthesis zone.

Abstract translation: 生产尿素的方法的改进，其中二氧化碳和过量的氨在合成区中反应，产生污染了氨基甲酸铵的尿素溶液，其在低于合成区压力的分解器中分解，该分解剂包括允许 进入分解器中的溶液作为薄膜流过加热至足以使至少一部分氨基甲酸铵分解成气态二氧化碳和氨的表面，后者再循环至合成区。