公开(公告)号：US20010000912A1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-10

申请号：US09731286

申请日：2000-12-06

Inventor： Nobuyuki Kambe ,  Xiangxin Bi

IPC: C09K013/00

CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J12/02 ,  B01J19/121 ,  C01B33/183 ,  C01P2002/50 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/51 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C09G1/02 ,  C09K3/1409 ,  C09K3/1463

Abstract: Polishing compositions are described that are appropriate for fine polishing to very low tolerances. The polishing compositions include particles with small diameters with very narrow distributions in size and effectively no particles with diameters several times larger than the average diameter. Furthermore, the particles generally have very high uniformity with respect to having a single crystalline phase. Preferred particles have an average diameter less than about 200 nm. Laser pyrolysis processes are described for the production of the appropriate particles including metal oxides, metal carbides, metal sulfides, SiO2 and SiC.

Abstract translation: 描述了适合精细抛光至非常低的公差的抛光组合物。 抛光组合物包括尺寸分布非常窄的小直径的颗粒，并且没有直径比平均直径大几倍的颗粒。 此外，颗粒通常在具有单一晶相方面具有非常高的均匀性。 优选的颗粒具有小于约200nm的平均直径。 描述了激光热解方法用于生产包括金属氧化物，金属碳化物，金属硫化物，SiO 2和SiC的合适颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US6074447A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US917906

申请日：1997-08-27

Applicant: Craig M. Jensen

Inventor： Craig M. Jensen

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C01B3/00 ,  C01B3/26 ,  B01J7/00 ,  C10J1/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J19/2475 ,  C01B3/0005 ,  C01B3/0015 ,  C01B3/26 ,  B01J2219/00096 ,  C01B2203/0277 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  C01B2203/1235 ,  C01B2203/1609 ,  C01B2203/1685 ,  C01B2203/1695 ,  Y02E60/328

Abstract: A method for storing and releasing hydrogen fuel includes providing a hydrogenated material in a chamber, introducing a catalyst into the chamber, heating the chamber to about 190.degree. C., separating at least part of the material into dehydrogenated material and hydrogen and releasing the hydrogen from the chamber. A preferred catalyst is a transition metal complex, such as the iridium based complex IrH.sub.4 {2,6C.sub.6 H.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 P(C(CH.sub.3).sub.3).sub.2).sub.2 }. To reverse the process, a hydrogen pressure of about 10 atmospheres or more is provided, and the dehydrogenated material and hydrogen are combined at about or at least 100.degree. C. to regenerate the hydrogenated material. The small, lightweight system for carrying out the present method includes a chamber containing hydrogenated material and a catalyst, and having an outlet with a selectively permeable membrane for releasing hydrogen and containing hydrogenated material and a homogenous catalyst. A heat source for heating the material is positioned in, proximate to or remote from the chamber. A pressurizing hydrogen source delivers hydrogen gas to the chamber to regenerate the hydrogenated material. Vehicular apparatus or other devices requiring fuel sources may be retrofitted or equipped with the present system.

Abstract translation: 用于储存和释放氢燃料的方法包括在室中提供氢化物质，将催化剂引入室中，将室加热至约190℃，将至少部分材料分离成脱氢材料和氢，并释放氢 从房间。 优选的催化剂是过渡金属络合物，例如铱基络合物IrH 4 {2,6 C 6 H 3（CH 2 P（C（CH 3）3）2）2}。 为了逆转该方法，提供约10个大气压或更高的氢气压力，并且脱氢的材料和氢气在约或至少100℃下合并以再生氢化材料。 用于实施本方法的小而轻的系统包括含有氢化材料和催化剂的室，并且具有用于释放氢气并含有氢化材料的选择性渗透膜的出口和均匀的催化剂。 用于加热材料的热源位于，靠近或远离室。 加压氢源将氢气输送到室以再生氢化材料。 可以对需要燃料源的车辆装置或其他装置进行改装或配备本系统。

公开(公告)号：US5853682A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-29

申请号：US813595

申请日：1997-03-07

Applicant: Christian Busson ,  Thomas Nietsch

Inventor： Christian Busson ,  Thomas Nietsch

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/04 ,  B01J12/00 ,  C01B3/04 ,  C01B17/04 ,  C01C3/00

CPC classification number: B01J8/0453 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J8/0207 ,  B01J8/025 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  B01J8/0438 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C01B17/0408 ,  C01B3/04 ,  B01J2208/00415 ,  Y02E60/364

Abstract: A process is described for the catalytic cracking of ammonia present in a fluid containing hydrogen sulphide, in which the fluid is introduced into a reactor comprising a suitable catalyst and a catalytic cracking effluent is recovered. The temperature in the reaction zone is 1000.degree. C. to 1400.degree. C. and a reactor for carrying out the process comprises at least one heating chamber (3, 4) and at least one catalysis chamber (11) in which the ammonia is cracked without cracking the hydrogen sulphide. In a further variation, the reactor comprises at least one catalyst in the spaces defined between the heating elements.

Abstract translation: 描述了存在于含有硫化氢的流体中的氨的催化裂解的方法，其中将流体引入包含合适催化剂的反应器中并回收催化裂化流出物。 反应区中的温度为1000℃至1400℃，用于进行该方法的反应器包括至少一个加热室（3,4）和至少一个催化室（11），其中氨被破裂 不破裂硫化氢。 在进一步的变化中，反应器包括在加热元件之间限定的空间中的至少一种催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US5788738A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US707341

申请日：1996-09-03

Applicant: Shahid Pirzada ,  Tapesh Yadav

Inventor： Shahid Pirzada ,  Tapesh Yadav

IPC: B01J12/00 ,  B01J12/02 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B22F9/12 ,  C01B13/14 ,  C01B19/00 ,  C01B21/06 ,  C01B31/36 ,  C01B35/04 ,  C01F5/06 ,  C01F11/06 ,  C01F17/00 ,  C01G23/00 ,  C01G41/02 ,  C01G53/00 ,  C04B2/10

CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J12/02 ,  B01J19/088 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B22F9/12 ,  B82Y25/00 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  C01B13/145 ,  C01B19/007 ,  C01B21/062 ,  C01B31/36 ,  C01B35/04 ,  C01F11/06 ,  C01F17/0043 ,  C01F5/06 ,  C01G23/006 ,  C01G41/02 ,  C01G53/006 ,  C04B2/10 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00177 ,  B01J2219/0018 ,  B01J2219/0894 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C01P2002/01 ,  C01P2002/02 ,  C01P2002/34 ,  C01P2002/60 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/51 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2006/10 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60

Abstract: A thermal reactor system that produces nanoscale powders by ultra-rapid thermal quench processing of high-temperature vapors through a boundary-layer converging-diverging nozzle. A gas suspension of precursor material is continuously fed to a thermal reaction chamber and vaporized under conditions that minimize superheating and favor nucleation of the resulting vapor. According to one aspect of the invention, the high temperature vapor is quenched using the principle of Joule-Thompson adiabatic expansion. Immediately after the initial nucleation stages, the vapor stream is passed through the nozzle and rapidly quenched through expansion at rates of at least 1,000.degree. C. per second, preferably greater than 1,000,000.degree. C. per second, to block the continued growth of the nucleated particles and produce a nanosize powder suspension of narrow particle-size distribution. According to another aspect of the invention, a gaseous boundary-layer stream is injected to form a blanket over the internal surface of the nozzle to prevent vapor condensation in the throat of the nozzle and its potential failure.

Abstract translation: 一种热反应器系统，通过边界层会聚发散喷嘴通过高温蒸气的超快速热淬火处理产生纳米级粉末。 将前体材料的气体悬浮液连续地供给到热反应室，并在使过热最小化并有利于所得蒸汽成核的条件下蒸发。 根据本发明的一个方面，使用焦耳汤普森绝热膨胀原理淬火高温蒸气。 在初始成核阶段之后，蒸气流通过喷嘴，并以每秒至少1000℃，优选大于1,000,000℃/秒的速率通过膨胀快速骤冷，以阻止有成核的 颗粒并产生窄粒度分布的纳米尺寸粉末悬浮液。 根据本发明的另一方面，喷射气体边界层流以在喷嘴的内表面上形成橡皮布，以防止喷嘴喉部中的蒸汽冷凝及其潜在的故障。

公开(公告)号：US5496524A

公开(公告)日：1996-03-05

申请号：US293270

申请日：1994-08-19

Applicant: Je/ rome Weill ,  Laure Capogna ,  Ve/ ronique Arrondel ,  Jean-Jack Boumendil

Inventor： Je/ rome Weill ,  Laure Capogna ,  Ve/ ronique Arrondel ,  Jean-Jack Boumendil

IPC: B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07C2/76 ,  C07C2/00

CPC classification number: B01J19/24 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  C07C2/76 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  Y10S585/913 ,  Y10S585/921 ,  Y10S585/943

Abstract: An apparatus for the thermal conversion of methane into hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight, comprising a reactor (1) of elongate form, connected on the one hand, at a first end, to an inlet for supplying gaseous mixture containing methane (process gas) and on the other, at the opposite end, to an outlet (10), the reactor comprising on the first end side a plurality of elements disposed in at least two layers disposed between two refractory walls, at least one refractory wall being disposed between the outside walls of the reactor, the layers being substantially parallel to the axis of the reactor, at least one of these layers comprising a series of sheaths (4) inside which there are electric heaters (3) which thus form a layer of heating elements, the elements being disposed in such a way as to define spaces or passages for the circulation of gaseous mixtures and/or effluents, the heaters and the sheaths being adapted to heat the said passages by successive independent cross-sections substantially at right-angles to the axis of the reactor, each cross-section comprising at least one transverse row of elements.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将甲烷热转化成较高分子量的烃的装置，包括一端为长方形的反应器（1），一端连接到一个入口，用于提供含有甲烷（工艺气体）和 另一方面，在另一端，在出口（10）处，反应器在第一端侧包括设置在两个耐火壁之间的至少两层中的多个元件，至少一个耐火壁设置在外部 反应器的壁，这些层基本上平行于反应器的轴线，这些层中的至少一个包括一系列护套（4），其中有电加热器（3），从而形成一层加热元件， 元件以这样的方式设置，以限定用于气体混合物和/或流出物循环的空间或通道，加热器和护套适于通过连续独立的横截面加热所述通道 基本上与反应器的轴线成直角，每个横截面包括至少一个横向排的元件。

公开(公告)号：US5270016A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-14

申请号：US913336

申请日：1992-07-15

Applicant: Jacques Alagy ,  Paul Broutin ,  Christian Busson ,  Jerome Weill

Inventor： Jacques Alagy ,  Paul Broutin ,  Christian Busson ,  Jerome Weill

IPC: B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07C2/76

CPC classification number: C07C2/76 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  Y10S585/913

Abstract: Apparatus suitable for the thermal conversion of methane to hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight, comprising an elongated reactor 1 provided with an inlet 5 for supplying a gas mixture containing methane (process gas) and an outlet at the opposite end, the reactor over a first part towards the inlet end having a plurality of electric heaters 3 surrounded by sheaths 4. The heaters, e.g., electric resistors, which are spaced apart and are substantially parallel with respect to one another, are arranged in substantially parallel rows perpendicular to the axis of the reactor so as to permit circulation of the process gas and/or effluent between the sheaths and/or between the sheaths and walls 22 separating two consecutive rows. The heaters heat the passages by successive independent cross sections substantially perpendicular to the axis of the reaction. Towards the outlet end, the reactor further comprises an injector for supplying cooling fluid, which cools the effluent. The reactor also has a hydrogen inlet for introducing a gas containing hydrogen into the space surrounding the heaters inside the sheaths 4 at an appropriate pressure. The reactor and the sheaths 4 are designed so that hydrogen is diffused from inside the sheaths to outside them and can then be diluted in the process gas.

Abstract translation: 适用于将甲烷热转化成较高分子量的烃的装置，包括一个细长的反应器1，该反应器1设有一个入口5，入口5用于提供含有甲烷（工艺气体）的气体混合物和另一端的出口，第一部分 朝向入口端具有由护套4围绕的多个电加热器3。间隔开并且相对于彼此大致平行的加热器，例如电阻器，被布置成垂直于 反应器，以允许工艺气体和/或流出物在护套之间和/或分离两个连续的行的护套和壁22之间循环。 加热器通过基本上垂直于反应轴线的连续的独立横截面来加热通道。 朝向出口端，反应器还包括用于供应冷却流体的喷射器，其冷却流出物。 反应器还具有氢气入口，用于以适当的压力将含氢的气体引入护套4内的加热器周围的空间。 反应器和护套4被设计成使得氢气从鞘内部​​扩散到外部，然后可以在工艺气体中稀释。

公开(公告)号：US4952743A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-28

申请号：US278521

申请日：1988-12-01

Applicant: Guy-Marie Come

Inventor： Guy-Marie Come

IPC: C01B3/36 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C01B32/40 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C2/78 ,  C07C2/82 ,  C07C4/02 ,  C07C9/06 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/24 ,  C07C67/00

CPC classification number: C07C2/78 ,  B01J12/005 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07C4/02 ,  C07C4/025 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  Y10S585/943

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for the conversion of hydrocarbons. According to the invention, at least one first gas containing at least 20% oxygen by volume and a type of hydrocarbon are first of all circulated in separate streams which are parallel to each other, without their being mixed, according to a spatial distribution such that the first gas is surrounded by the hydrocarbon; these substances are introduced into a mixing/reaction chamber, at a first given circulation level, and while the substances are then allowed to mix, the oxygen and the hydrocarbon are ignited so as to give rise to the conversion reaction and then, at a second given circulation level situated downstream of the first, a quenching of the resultant mixture is performed in a chamber; whereupon, the resultant quenched conversion products are recovered. The invention applies particularly to the manufacture of conversion products such as acetylene and ethylene.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于转化烃的方法和装置。 根据本发明，至少一种含有至少20体积％氧气的第一气体和一种烃类首先根据空间分布在不相互平行的不同流中循环，使其分开，使得 第一气体被烃包围; 将这些物质以第一给定的循环水平引入混合/反应室中，然后在物质混合的同时，将氧气和烃点燃，从而引起转化反应，然后在第二次 给定的循环水平位于第一位置的下游，所得混合物的淬火在室中进行; 然后回收所得的淬火转化产物。 本发明特别适用于乙炔和乙烯等转化产物的制造。

公开(公告)号：US4822521A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-18

申请号：US931121

申请日：1986-11-17

Applicant: Andrija Fuderer

Inventor： Andrija Fuderer

IPC: B01J8/06 ,  B01J12/00 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B1/13

CPC classification number: B01J12/005 ,  B01J8/067 ,  C01B3/382 ,  B01J2208/00088 ,  B01J2208/00274 ,  B01J2208/00309 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2219/00777 ,  Y02P20/125 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: Integrated primary-secondary reforming operations are carried out with the partly reformed product effluent from the reformer tubes of the primary reforming zone passing to a catalyst-free reaction space at the feed end of a catalyst bed in the secondary reforming zone. The exothermic heat of reaction generated in said reaction space supplies the necessary heat for the endothermic reforming reaction that occurs in the catalyst bed of the secondary reforming zone, and the still hot secondary product effluent leaving the secondary reforming zone is passed in the shell side of the primary reformer zone to supply the endothermic heat of reaction required in said primary reforming zone. Essentially autothermal operating conditions are thereby achieved so as to essentially eliminate the necessity for employing an external fuel-fired primary reformer and/or for consuming a portion of the hyrocarbon feed material for fuel purposes.

Abstract translation: 集成的一次 - 二次重整操作是通过一次重整区的重整器管的部分重整产物流出物在二次重整区的催化剂床的进料端通过无催化剂的反应空间来进行的。 在所述反应空间中产生的反应的放热量为在二次重整区的催化剂床中发生的吸热重整反应提供必要的热量，并且离开二次重整区的仍然热的二次产物流出物在壳侧 所述一次重整器区域用于提供所述初级重整区域中所需的反应吸热热。 从而基本上实现了自热操作条件，从而基本上消除了使用外部燃料燃烧的初级重整器和/或用于消耗用于燃料目的的一部分碳氢化合物进料的必要性。

公开(公告)号：US4632043A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-30

申请号：US690004

申请日：1985-01-09

Applicant: Paul T. Pendergraft

Inventor： Paul T. Pendergraft

IPC: B01J12/00 ,  C01B17/04 ,  F23G7/00

CPC classification number: C01B17/0413 ,  B01J12/005 ,  C01B17/0417

Abstract: This invention relates to a modified furnace for treating low-quality acid gas streams (those containing less than fifty percent (50%) hydrogen sulfide) to permit stable operation of combustion to provide a Claus furnace effluent. The system comprises burning a fuel gas and indirectly supplying the heat of this combustion to the hydrogen sulfide oxidant reaction wherein the hydrogen sulfide is converted to sulfur and other sulfur-containing products.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于处理低质量酸性气流（含有少于百分之五十（50％）硫化氢）的改性炉），以允许燃烧的稳定运行以提供克劳斯炉流出物。 该系统包括燃烧燃料气体并间接地将该燃烧的热量供应给硫化氢氧化剂反应，其中硫化氢转化为硫和其它含硫产物。

公开(公告)号：US4559218A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-17

申请号：US575476

申请日：1984-01-30

Applicant: Gosta Flemmert

Inventor： Gosta Flemmert

IPC: C01B33/16 ,  B01J12/00 ,  C01B7/19 ,  C01B33/18 ,  C01B33/12

CPC classification number: C01B7/193 ,  B01J12/005 ,  C01B33/183 ,  C01B33/184 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  C01P2006/22

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for preparing finely-divided silicon dioxide having high thickening capacity and good thixotropic properties by reaction of silicon fluoride in the vapor phase with water vapor, combustible gas and free oxygen-containing gas in a flame reaction zone to form silicon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride while cooling the gaseous reaction mixture in that portion of the reaction zone adjacent the base of the flame by contact with a cooling surface maintained at a temperature below 500.degree. C. but above the dew point of the reaction waste gases generated in the flame reaction.

Abstract translation: 提供了制备和设备，用于通过在气相中的氟化硅与水蒸汽，可燃气体和游离含氧气体在火焰反应区中反应形成二氧化硅，制备具有高增稠能力和良好触变性能的细碎二氧化硅 和氟化氢，同时通过与保持在低于500℃的温度的冷却表面接触而在邻近火焰基底的那部分反应区域中冷却气态反应混合物，但高于在该温度下产生的反应废气的露点 火焰反应。