Abstract:
A process for making mono- and dichlorinated or brominated aldehydes from aldehydes having at least 3 carbon atoms and hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group or primary alcohols having at least 3 carbon atoms and hydrogens in the 2-position by direct bromination or chlorination by carrying out the bromination or chlorination in an inert organic solvent with bromine or chlorine and containing a catalyst complex of HX and an N,N-dialkyl or cycloalkylformamide where X is a counterion.
Abstract:
A continuous process for preparing 5-oxo-2,4-dichloro-4-alkyl or aryl pentanenitriles, e.g., 5-oxo-2,4-dichloro-4-methylpentanenitrile-1 by reacting an .alpha.,.alpha.-dichloroaldehyde with an acrylonitrile in a coil reactor.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention relate to crosslinkable silyl group-containing polymers and methods of producing them. In one embodiment a method of producing a silyl polymer is provided. The method includes reacting at least one natural oil based polyol with at least one isocyanate to form at least one prepolymer having at least one NCO group. The at least one natural oil based polyol includes the reaction product of hydroxymethylated fatty acids or esters thereof and at least one polyol initiator. The prepolymer having at least one NCO group is reacted with at least one amino functional alkoxy silane to form the silyl polymer, such that the silyl polymer includes at least one crosslinkable silyl group, at least one urethane group, and at least one urea group in each molecule.
Abstract:
Effect separation of a composition of matter that includes at least two seed or plant oil derivatives into at least one desired product stream using at least two separation operations, which are independently selected from among several potential separation operations, in conjunction with at least one recycle stream from a separation operation.
Abstract:
Monovinylidene aromatic polymers, e.g., general purpose polystyrene or high impact polystyrene, are plasticized with a nonfunctionalized, nonmineral oil, e.g., a vegetable oil such as canola oil, cottonseed oil or the like. The mixture of monovinylidene aromatic polymer and oil is typically and preferably free of any significant amount of functionalized nonmineral oil, and it typically contains at least 0.1 weight percent of the nonfunctionalized, nonmineral oil, alone or in combination with a mineral oil, based on the weight of the polymer. The nonmineral oil has an iodine value of less than 120, and a hydroxyl number of less than 20.
Abstract:
The present invention provides network polymers obtained by curing compositions that comprise an ester with at least two terminal epoxy groups. Preferred esters include those represented by the formula (1), wherein each R1 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted homoaliphatic or heteroaliphatic group; A represents a substituted or unsubstituted homoalkylene, hetemalkylene, arylene, or heteroarylene segment; and n represents an integer equal to or greater than 2.
Abstract:
Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with a high equivalent weight polyol. At least a portion of the high equivalent weight polyol is a polyester containing hydroxymethyl groups. The polyester is prepared in a multi-step process from animal or vegetable fats, by recovering the constitutent fatty acids, hydroformylating carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acids and reducing to form hydroxymethyl groups, and then forming a polyester by reaction with an initiator compound.
Abstract:
A solid bed adsorptive process for separating a seed oil into two substantially pure triglyceride fractions. The process involves contacting a seed oil, such as castor oil, preferably as a concentrate, with an adsorbent in a bed, the adsorbent having a particle size greater than about 40 microns, and thereafter contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material, preferably under minimal flow conditions, to obtain a raffinate output stream containing predominantly a second triglyceride and an extract output stream containing predominantly a first triglyceride. Purified fatty acid triglyceride esters obtainable from castor, vernonia, and lesquerella plant oils provide renewable, non-petroleum-based sources of chemical feedstocks.
Abstract:
2-(aryl)-benz(ox, thi, imid)azoles are prepared by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with hydroxylamine to form an aromatic aldehyde oxime, halogenating the oxime to form an aromatic hydroxamoyl halide, and then reacting this halide with certain aromatic amine compounds. The products may be nitrated and then reduced to form the corresponding diamines, which are useful in making PIBX polymers.
Abstract:
A suitably functionalized cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide can be used to convert unsaturated sites to alcohol or epoxy sites. The cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide may be useful in applications such as the preparation of polycarbonates, polyurethanes, or crosslinked polybutadiene, or poly(styrene-butadiene). The cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' and each R are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, or halo; X and X' are independently hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, or together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an epoxy group, with the proviso that at least one of X and X' is not hydrogen; and n is 1 or 2.