Abstract:
The apparatus comprises a treatment reservoir defining first and second treatment zones separated by a porous membrane. Carbon-based adsorbent material capable of electrochemical regeneration is provided in said first and second treatment zones. An agitator is operable to distribute the adsorbent in aqueous organic waste liquid contained in the first and second treatment zones. First and second electric current feeders are operably connected to the adsorbent in the first and second treatment zones respectively. A controller operates the electric current feeders to pass an electric current through the adsorbent in the treatment zones in one direction to regenerate the adsorbent in one of the treatment zones and to then reverse the direction of the current applied to the adsorbent to regenerate the adsorbent in the other treatment zone. Further apparatus is described which facilitates aqueous waste water treatment in a continuous manner.
Abstract:
Flow battery. The battery includes high energy density fluid electrodes having a selected non-Newtonian rheology and structure for providing intermittent flow pulses of controlled volume and duration of the fluid electrodes, the structure adapted to promote interfacial slip to improve flow uniformity. The battery disclosed herein provides a potential solution to large-scale electrical energy storage needs.
Abstract:
An electrical purification apparatus and methods of making same are disclosed. The electrical purification apparatus may provide for increases in operation efficiencies, for example, with respect to current efficiencies and membrane utilization.
Abstract:
Electrochemical devices and methods for water treatment are disclosed. An electrodeionization device (100) may include one or more compartments (110) containing an ionselective media, such as boron-selective resin (170). Cyclic adsorption of target ions and regeneration of the media in-situ is used to treat process water, and may be driven by the promotion of various pH conditions within the electrochemical device.
Abstract:
An apparatus for providing metal ions to a fluid waste stream includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port through which the fluid waste stream enters and exits the housing. Within the housing and between the inlet and outlet ports is an electrode assembly that includes first electrode ring assemblies and second electrode ring assemblies. Each first electrode ring assembly includes a first tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more first electrode plates span the interior of the first tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. Each second electrode ring assembly includes a second tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more second electrode plates span the interior of the second tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. The first tubular sections of the first electrode ring assemblies are in fluid communication with the second tubular sections of the second electrode ring assemblies.
Abstract:
A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 12 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cationic group; (iii) 10 to 70 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; and (v) non-curable salt; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is >0.10. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.
Abstract:
A desalination system comprises a silica removal unit. The silica removal unit comprises first and second electrodes, a plurality of ion exchange membranes disposed between the first and second electrodes and a plurality of spacers disposed between adjacent ion exchange membranes and between the first and second electrodes and the respective ion exchange membranes. The plurality of the ion exchange membranes comprises a pair of cation exchange membranes and a pair of anion exchange membranes disposed between the pair of cation exchange membranes. A first channel is defined between the anion exchange membranes and second and third channels are defined between each anion exchange membrane and an adjacent cation exchange membrane. A silica removal apparatus and a desalination method are also presented.
Abstract:
The polarized electrode flow through capacitor comprises at least one each electrode material, with a pore volume that includes meso and micropores, with contained anionic or cationic groups. The polarized electrodes are in opposite polarity facing pairs, separated by a flow path or flow spacer. Both polarities of the particular attached ionic groups used are ionized at the working pH or composition of the particular feed solution supplied to inlet of the flow through capacitor. The contained groups cause the electrodes to be polarized so that they are selective to anions or cations. The polarized electrode flow through capacitor has better performance compared to identical flow through capacitors made from non-derivitized carbon. The capacitor electrode materials so derivitized provide this polarization function directly without need for a separate charge barrier material.
Abstract:
Electrochemical devices and methods for water treatment are disclosed. An electrodeionization device (100) may include one or more compartments (110) containing an ionselective media, such as boron-selective resin (170). Cyclic adsorption of target ions and regeneration of the media in-situ is used to treat process water, and may be driven by the promotion of various pH conditions within the electrochemical device.
Abstract:
A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 12 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cationic group; (iii) 10 to 70 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; and (v) non-curable salt; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is >0.10. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.