公开(公告)号：US08858221B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-14

申请号：US12745185

申请日：2008-10-24

Applicant: Stephane Bertholin ,  Fabrice Giroudiere

Inventor： Stephane Bertholin ,  Fabrice Giroudiere

IPC: F23L1/00 ,  F23M5/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/02

CPC classification number: B01J3/048 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J2219/00076 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/0263 ,  B01J2219/0286 ,  F23M5/00

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel reactor adapted for carrying out chemical reactions at temperatures of up to 1600° C., and at pressures of up to 100 bars. The reactor of the invention has two vessels surrounding the reaction zone, an inner vessel constituted by a refractory material and an outer vessel surrounding the inner vessel and constituted by an insulating material.

Abstract translation: 本发明描述了一种适用于在高达1600℃的温度和高达100巴的压力下进行化学反应的新型反应器。 本发明的反应器具有围绕反应区的两个容器，由耐火材料构成的内容器和围绕内容器并由绝缘材料构成的外容器。

公开(公告)号：US20100061923A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-11

申请号：US12499299

申请日：2009-07-08

Applicant: Alla V.K. Reddy

Inventor： Alla V.K. Reddy

IPC: C01F7/06 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J3/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/048 ,  B01J7/02 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B3/10 ,  C01F7/04 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  Y02P20/132

Abstract: Sodium is reacted with water to form hydrogen, sodium hydroxide and heat, and the sodium hydroxide is reacted with aluminum to produce hydrogen and sodium aluminate, while the violent nature of the reactions is modulated by employing the exothermic heat of the reactions to convert solid sodium to liquid sodium and to convert liquid water to steam. The pressurized hydrogen generated is used to drive one or more power generators which utilize pressure to generate power. The reactions take place in a reaction chamber in which a water reservoir is disposed in open communication with a main reaction chamber.

Abstract translation: 钠与水反应形成氢气，氢氧化钠和加热，氢氧化钠与铝反应产生氢和铝酸钠，而反应的剧烈性质通过采用放热反应转化为固体钠 将液态水转化为蒸汽。 产生的加压氢气用于驱动利用压力产生动力的一个或多个发电机。 反应发生在反应室中，其中储水器设置成与主反应室开放连通。

公开(公告)号：US20070140935A1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-21

申请号：US11676054

申请日：2007-02-16

Applicant: David Hazlebeck

Inventor： David Hazlebeck

IPC: B01J19/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  C23C28/023 ,  C23C28/028 ,  Y10T428/249953

Abstract: A system and method for performing hydrothermal treatment includes a reactor vessel having a pressure bearing wall. The surface of the pressure bearing wall that faces the reactor chamber is covered by a liner to protect the wall from exposure to temperature extremes, corrosives and salt deposits. The liner is formed with a porous layer and a non-porous, corrosion resistant layer. The corrosion resistant layer is positioned adjacent to the porous layer to seal the porous layer between the corrosion resistant layer and the wall of the vessel. Connectors extend through the wall of the reactor vessel to allow for fluid communication between the porous layer and an externally located pump. A heat transfer fluid can be selectively passed through the porous layer to maintain the temperature of the liner.

Abstract translation: 用于进行水热处理的系统和方法包括具有承压壁的反应器容器。 面向反应器室的承压壁的表面被衬套覆盖，以保护壁免受极端温度，腐蚀性和盐沉积物的侵蚀。 衬里形成有多孔层和无孔耐腐蚀层。 耐腐蚀层位于多孔层附近，以密封耐腐蚀层和容器壁之间的多孔层。 连接器延伸穿过反应堆容器的壁，以允许多孔层和外部定位的泵之间的流体连通。 传热流体可以选择性地通过多孔层以保持衬套的温度。

公开(公告)号：US07005104B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-28

申请号：US10416136

申请日：2001-11-08

Applicant: Vladimir Isakovich Snop

Inventor： Vladimir Isakovich Snop

IPC: B01J3/04

CPC classification number: B01J3/03 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J2219/0286 ,  B22F3/003 ,  B22F3/15 ,  B22F2003/153 ,  B30B11/002

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy, in particular to the design of autoclaves for manufacturing of composite materials by treatment of workpieces of discrete materials, mostly powders, at high pressures and temperatures.The autoclave module contains the vessel that includes hermetically sealed movable end closures, the rams restricting the axial shift of these closures, and the pressure yoke with columns and winding made of high-strength steel wire, whereby the pressure yoke is made in the form of three oval yoke sections—two lateral sections encompassing the rams, and one central section encompassing the rams and the vessel with closures, all of them equidistant from each other on the ram's length, whereby each of the lateral oval sections is made in such a way as to allow opposite shift while the central section is made in such a way as to allow shift in the direction which is perpendicular to the vessel's axis and parallel to the rams' axis, for a length ensuring free withdrawal of the rams and the end closures.The invention allows to reduce the metal consumption of the pressure module by a factor of 2 to 3 compared to the known analogs, and to enhance the reliability and the operational safety of the apparatus.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及粉末冶金领域，特别涉及通过在高压和高温下处理分散材料的工件（主要是粉末）来制造复合材料的高压釜的设计。

公开(公告)号：US06761548B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

申请号：US10129604

申请日：2002-05-08

Applicant: Vladimir Isakovich Snop

Inventor： Vladimir Isakovich Snop

IPC: B29C3304

CPC classification number: B01J3/048 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  B30B11/002 ,  B22F3/15

Abstract: The invention relates to the equipment for high-pressure, high-temperature treatment of materials in liquid and enables to broaden the technological capabilities of an isostatic press. The isostatic press for treatment of materials in liquid comprises a multi-cylinder pressure vessel forming a hermetically sealed working chamber connected to a gas source. The open-top container for liquid is placed in the working chamber in such a way that a gap is created between the inner wall of the pressure vessel and the outer wall of the container. The container with the liquid and the treated material is placed on an electrically insulated heater which, in its turn, is mounted on a protective magnetic block.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于高压，高温处理液体材料的设备，并且能够扩大等静压机的技术能力。 用于处理液体中的材料的等静压机包括形成连接到气源的气密密封工作室的多气缸压力容器。 用于液体的开顶容器以这样的方式放置在工作室中，使得在压力容器的内壁和容器的外壁之间产生间隙。 具有液体和经处理的材料的容器放置在电绝缘加热器上，该加热器依次安装在保护性磁性块上。

公开(公告)号：US20020086150A1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-04

申请号：US09753319

申请日：2000-12-28

Inventor： David A. Hazlebeck

IPC: B32B003/26

CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  C23C28/023 ,  C23C28/028 ,  Y10T428/249953

Abstract: A system and method for performing hydrothermal treatment includes a reactor vessel having a pressure bearing wall. The surface of the pressure bearing wall that faces the reactor chamber is covered by a liner to protect the wall from exposure to temperature extremes, corrosives and salt deposits. The liner is formed with a porous layer and a non-porous, corrosion resistant layer. The corrosion resistant layer is positioned adjacent to the porous layer to seal the porous layer between the corrosion resistant layer and the wall of the vessel. Connectors extend through the wall of the reactor vessel to allow for fluid communication between the porous layer and an externally located pump. A heat transfer fluid can be selectively passed through the porous layer to maintain the temperature of the liner.

Abstract translation: 用于进行水热处理的系统和方法包括具有承压壁的反应器容器。 面向反应器室的承压壁的表面被衬套覆盖，以保护壁免受极端温度，腐蚀性和盐沉积物的侵蚀。 衬里形成有多孔层和无孔耐腐蚀层。 耐腐蚀层位于多孔层附近，以密封耐腐蚀层和容器壁之间的多孔层。 连接器延伸穿过反应堆容器的壁，以允许多孔层和外部定位的泵之间的流体连通。 传热流体可以选择性地通过多孔层以保持衬套的温度。

公开(公告)号：US06193876B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

申请号：US09147537

申请日：1999-01-21

Applicant: Panagiotis Manolatos ,  James Gérard Morrissey ,  Roger Christopher Hurst

Inventor： Panagiotis Manolatos ,  James Gérard Morrissey ,  Roger Christopher Hurst

IPC: C10G4500

CPC classification number: B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B01J2219/0204 ,  Y10T442/2615

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel type of hydrogenation reactor, to methods of hydrogenation implemented therein, and more generally to the use of such a reactor. A reactor of the invention has a double wall; said double wall comprising an outer wall (10) suitable for withstanding mechanical loads and an inner wall (20) defining the reaction volume (30) within which a reaction medium is caused to react, said inner wall (20) withstanding said reaction medium and protecting said outer wall (10) from coming into contact therewith. In characteristic manner, a space (50) is provided between said outer and inner walls (10, 20) for controlled recombination of the atomic hydrogen that is caused to diffuse through said inner wall (20); said space (50) not containing any means suitable for enabling said atomic hydrogen to diffuse from said inner wall to said outer wall; and the structure of said reactor including means to balance pressures on either side of said inner wall (20) and to enable the hydrogen that has reached said space (50) to circulate and to be exhausted to the outside while said reactor is in use.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种新型的加氢反应器，涉及其中的氢化方法，更一般地涉及使用这种反应器。 本发明的反应器具有双壁; 所述双壁包括适于承受机械载荷的外壁（10）和限定反应体积（30）的内​​壁（20），所述内壁（20）在其内使反应介质反应，所述内壁（20）承受所述反应介质和 保护所述外壁（10）不与其接触。 以特征的方式，在所述外壁和内壁（10,20）之间设置空间（50），用于受到使所述原子氢扩散通过所述内壁（20）的受控复合; 所述空间（50）不包含任何适于使所述原子氢从所述内壁扩散到所述外壁的装置; 并且所述反应器的结构包括用于平衡所述内壁（20）的任一侧上的压力并且使得已经到达所述空间（50）的氢气在所述反应器使用期间循环并被排出到外部的装置。

公开(公告)号：US5975335A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

申请号：US97509

申请日：1998-06-15

Applicant: Donald E. Witenhafer

Inventor： Donald E. Witenhafer

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B23P15/26

CPC classification number: B01J3/048 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  Y10S220/918

Abstract: A pressure proof reaction vessel and the method of making and operating such a vessel wherein the vessel has a thin inner wall whose primary function is to conduct heat and a thick outer wall whose primary function is to contain the pressure with said inner wall being supported by the said outer wall using closely-spaced supports between the two walls. Heat transfer fluid flows in channels formed by the two walls. A novel method of fastening together the inner and outer walls of such a vessel using fastening means associated with a hole passing through the outer wall and that do not introduce surface disruption of the inside surface of the inner wall, is disclosed. This fastening means also allows for a very economical fabrication method whereby the inner wall and the supports are formed out of one piece of material. The vessel is particularly useful for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in large reaction vessels greater than 10,000 gallons in size.

Abstract translation: 耐压反应容器以及制造和操作这种容器的方法，其中容器具有主要功能是传导热量的薄内壁和厚的外壁，其主要功能是使所述内壁承受压力， 所述外壁在两个壁之间使用紧密间隔的支撑。 传热流体在由两个壁形成的通道中流动。 公开了一种使用与穿过外壁的孔相关的并且不引起内壁的内表面的表面破坏的紧固装置将这种容器的内壁和外壁紧固在一起的新方法。 该紧固装置还允许非常经济的制造方法，由此内壁和支撑件由一片材料形成。 该容器特别适用于在大于10,000加仑大尺寸的大型反应容器中聚合氯乙烯。

公开(公告)号：US5133792A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-28

申请号：US662469

申请日：1991-02-28

Applicant: Ankur Purohit ,  Ahnal A. Purohit

Inventor： Ankur Purohit ,  Ahnal A. Purohit

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B08B7/00 ,  C01B31/06

CPC classification number: B01J19/02 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B08B7/0071 ,  C01B31/065 ,  B01J2219/0204 ,  B01J2219/0236 ,  B01J2219/0281 ,  Y02P20/149 ,  Y10S220/917

Abstract: The invention teaches a deep boiling process for refining diamonds, be they raw or cut and polished. The process provides for initially precleaning the diamonds with solvents including alcohol, acetone, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and/or water, to remove surface oils, hydrocarbons and other common surface impurities therefrom. The process then provides the use of separate sealed vessels wherein the diamonds are respectively submerged in strong caustic and acid solvents, and heated to between 220.degree. and 500.degree. C. with associated high vaporous pressures, for durations of possibly more than a day. The caustic solvent comprises potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide and possibly also potassium nitrate, and breaks down and removes the "glassy" structures and other complex oxides in the diamonds; while the acid solvent comprises Aqua Regia [hydrocholoric acid and nitric acid] and possibly also sulfuric acid, and removes metallic traces in the diamonds by forming water soluble chlorides and nitrates. The diamonds are rinses, between exposures to the caustic and acid solvents and after the last exposure to either, with solvents including water, acetone and/or alcohol.Vessels suited to preform this process are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 本发明教导了一种用于精炼钻石的深煮方法，无论是原料还是切割和抛光。 该方法提供了首先用溶剂（包括醇，丙酮，硫酸，过氧化氢和/或水）预清洁金刚石，以从其中除去表面油，烃和其它常见的表面杂质。 然后，该方法提供使用分开的密封容器，其中金刚石分别浸没在强碱性和酸性溶剂中，并且在相关的高蒸气压下加热至220-500℃，持续时间可能超过一天。 苛性溶剂包括氢氧化钾和/或氢氧化钠，也可能是硝酸钾，并分解并去除钻石中的“玻璃状”结构和其他复合氧化物; 而酸性溶剂包括Aqua Regia [氢氯酸和硝酸]，也可能是硫酸，并通过形成水溶性氯化物和硝酸盐来除去金刚石中的金属痕迹。 钻石是在暴露于苛性碱和酸溶剂之间以及在最后暴露于任一种之后，用溶剂包括水，丙酮和/或醇进行冲洗。 还公开了适合预成型工艺的容器。

公开(公告)号：US4432128A

公开(公告)日：1984-02-21

申请号：US209846

申请日：1980-11-24

Applicant: Raymond E. Pechacek ,  Eugene J. Clay

Inventor： Raymond E. Pechacek ,  Eugene J. Clay

IPC: E04H7/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  F16J12/00 ,  F17C13/08 ,  G21C13/00 ,  G21C13/087 ,  B21D39/03 ,  B23K31/02 ,  E04G3/00

CPC classification number: G21C13/087 ,  B01J3/048 ,  Y02E30/40 ,  Y10T29/49828

Abstract: A method and system for installing a layered vessel wherein the method includes the steps of constructing the bottom vessel head section in an inverted position mounting the bottom head section on the vessel foundation, erecting a generally cylindrical construction frame having a plurality of annular work stations; substantially simultaneously with the erection of the cylindrical construction frame, constructing onto the bottom head a cylindrical inside shell liner and a hemispherical upper head inside liner and adding layers to the inside shell from the bottom upwardly with the addition of such layers occurring substantially simultaneously at various of the annular work stations. A system for accomplishing these steps is provided, including particular method for constructing the bottom head, and further, an annularly movable crane assembly is provided for the work stations.

Abstract translation: 一种用于安装分层容器的方法和系统，其中该方法包括如下步骤：将底部容器头部分构造成倒置的位置，将下部头部部分安装在容器基座上，竖立具有多个环形工作站的大致圆柱形的构造框架; 基本上同时架设圆柱形构造框架，在底部头部上构造圆柱形内壳衬里和衬里内的半球形上头部，并从底部向上向内壳中添加层，同时以各种方式基本同时出现各层 的环形工作站。 提供了一种用于实现这些步骤的系统，包括用于构造底部头部的特定方法，此外，为工作站提供环形可移动的起重机组件。