公开(公告)号：US20050012976A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-20

申请号：US10775054

申请日：2004-02-09

Applicant: Roey Harel ,  Dean Pappas ,  Gleb Shtengel ,  Jason Stark ,  Donald Le Roy

Inventor： Roey Harel ,  Dean Pappas ,  Gleb Shtengel ,  Jason Stark ,  Donald Le Roy

IPC: G02F1/01 ,  G02B26/00

CPC classification number: G02F1/0123 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for controlling the bias point of a Mach-Zehnder modulator. The method begins by applying a dither signal to a DC bias that is applied to a Mach-Zehnder modulator. A component of an optical output signal provided by the Mach-Zehnder modulator that is synchronous with the dither signal is detected. The dither signal is adjusted to maintain the detected component of the optical output signal at a substantially constant value.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于控制马赫 - 曾德尔调制器的偏置点的方法和装置。 该方法开始于施加到施加到马赫 - 曾德尔调制器的DC偏压上的抖动信号。 检测与抖动信号同步的由Mach-Zehnder调制器提供的光输出信号的分量。 调整抖动信号以将光输出信号的检测分量保持在基本恒定的值。

公开(公告)号：US20040247225A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-09

申请号：US10454077

申请日：2003-06-04

Inventor： Robert Tavlykaev

IPC: G02F001/295

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/122 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2203/21

Abstract: Optical modulators with reduced temperature dependence on bias control are described. A set of bias electrodes is arranged relative to a set of RF electrodes in a manner which results in the operating point of the device remaining relatively constant as a function of temperature. The arrangement of the bias electrodes relative to the RF electrodes includes a physical offset of one set of electrodes relative to the other, with or without a reversal of polarity of one set of electrodes relative to the other. Arrangements according to the present invention create a symmetrical electrode arrangement from a temperature-induced stress point of view so that the operating point of the device remains relatively constant as a function of temperature.

Abstract translation: 描述了具有降低的温度对偏压控制的依赖性的光学调制器。 一组偏置电极以相对于一组RF电极的方式被布置，导致器件的工作点作为温度的函数保持相对恒定。 偏置电极相对于RF电极的布置包括一组电极相对于另一组的物理偏移，具有或不具有一组电极相对于另一组的极性的反转。 根据本发明的装置从温度诱导的应力角度产生对称的电极布置，使得装置的工作点作为温度的函数保持相对恒定。

公开(公告)号：US20040201079A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-14

申请号：US10411874

申请日：2003-04-10

Inventor： David C. Scott ,  Timothy A. Vang ,  Wenshen Wang ,  Elizabeth T. Kunkee

IPC: H01L021/00 ,  H01L029/861 ,  H01L031/107

CPC classification number: G02F1/2257 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A single-electrode, push-pull semiconductor PIN Mach-Zehnder modulator (10) that includes first and second PIN devices (12, 14) on a substrate (16). Intrinsic layers (22, 28) of the devices (12, 14) are the active regions of two arms (50, 52) of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. An outer electrode (38) is connected to the N layer (24) of the first PIN device (12) and a center electrode (40) is connected to the P layer (20) of the first PIN device (12). An outer electrode (42) is connected to the P layer (26) of the second PIN device (14) and the center electrode (40) is connected to the N layer (30) of the second PIN device (14). An RF modulation signal biases the PIN devices (12, 14) in opposite directions and causes the index refraction of the intrinsic layers (22, 28) to change in opposite directions to give a push-pull modulation effect.

Abstract translation: 包括衬底（16）上的第一和第二PIN器件（12,14）的单电极推挽半导体引脚马赫 - 曾德调制器（10）。 装置（12,14）的本征层（22,28）是马赫 - 曾德干涉仪的两个臂（50,52）的有源区域。 外部电极（38）连接到第一PIN器件（12）的N层（24），并且中心电极（40）连接到第一PIN器件（12）的P层（20）。 外部电极（42）连接到第二PIN装置（14）的P层（26），中心电极（40）连接到第二PIN装置（14）的N层（30）。 RF调制信号以相反的方向偏置PIN器件（12,14），并使本征层（22,28）的折射折射在相反方向上改变，以产生推挽调制效果。

公开(公告)号：US20040201008A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-14

申请号：US10411873

申请日：2003-04-10

Inventor： Elizabeth T. Kunkee ,  David V. Forbes ,  David C. Scott ,  Timothy A. Vang ,  Wenshen Wang

IPC: H01L031/0328 ,  H01L029/06

CPC classification number: G02F1/2257 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A coupled quantum well Mach-Zehnder modulator that employs a push-pull structure to reduce the modulation voltage. The Mach-Zehnder modulator includes a first arm having a first PIN semiconductor device and a second arm having a second PIN semiconductor device. The intrinsic layers of the PIN devices include a coupled quantum well structure to provide an opposite index of refraction change for different DC bias voltages. An RF signal used to modulate the light beam is applied to the two arms in phase and causes the index of refraction in the intrinsic layers of the two PIN devices to change in opposite directions so that a push-pull type drive is achieved without requiring 180null out-of-phase RF drive signal.

Abstract translation: 耦合量子阱马赫 - 曾德调制器采用推挽结构来降低调制电压。 马赫 - 策德尔调制器包括具有第一PIN半导体器件的第一臂和具有第二PIN半导体器件的第二臂。 PIN器件的本征层包括耦合的量子阱结构，以为不同的DC偏置电压提供相反的折射率变化。 用于调制光束的RF信号被同时施加到两个臂上，并且使得两个PIN器件的本征层中的折射率在相反方向上改变，使得实现推挽式驱动而不需要180° °异相RF驱动信号。

公开(公告)号：US20030156774A1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-21

申请号：US10077525

申请日：2002-02-15

Inventor： Jan Conradi

IPC: G02F001/035

CPC classification number: G02F1/225 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: An optical amplitude modulator (16) has a first input (13) for receiving a continuous optical signal, a second input (17) for receiving a bipolar data encoded electrical signal, and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer transfer operation biased at Vnull for modulating the continuous signal based on the bipolar data encoded electrical signal for generating an AMI modulated optical signal having three electric field levels, null/nullE and 0, and two power levels, 0 and P, such that the resultant modulated signal is both amplitude and phase modulated.

Abstract translation: 光学幅度调制器（16）具有用于接收连续光信号的第一输入端（13），用于接收双极数据编码电信号的第二输入端（17）和偏置于Vpi的马赫 - 曾德干涉仪传输操作，用于调制 基于双极数据编码电信号的连续信号，用于产生具有三个电场电平+/- E和0以及两个功率电平0和P的AMI调制光信号，使得所得到的调制信号均为振幅和相位 调制。

公开(公告)号：US06590691B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-08

申请号：US09898197

申请日：2001-07-02

Applicant: Amit S. Nagra ,  Nathan G. Woodard ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr.

Inventor： Amit S. Nagra ,  Nathan G. Woodard ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr.

IPC: G02B2600

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: The present invention discloses high-speed, single-drive and dual-drive external optical modulation devices that reduce the voltage and power required to amplify and modulate electrical signals onto an optical carrier. Two primary components of an optical transmitter, namely, the modulator and driver, are integrated, and preferably hybridly integrated, in a single package, thereby eliminating many of the cable connector interfaces that add loss, complexity and cost to the system. Further, integration frees the devices from the standardized impedance (i.e. 50 ohm) constraints that reduce performance, thereby enabling the design of optimized, low voltage, hybridly integrated modulation devices.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种降低向光载波放大和调制电信号所需的电压和功率的高速，单驱动和双驱动外部光调制装置。 光传输器的两个主要部件，即调制器和驱动器，集成在一个封装中，最好是混合集成在一起，从而消除了许多电缆连接器接口，从而增加了系统的损耗，复杂性和成本。 此外，集成使器件免于降低性能的标准化阻抗（即50欧姆）约束，从而实现优化的低电压混合集成调制器件的设计。

公开(公告)号：US06334008B2

公开(公告)日：2001-12-25

申请号：US09247907

申请日：1999-02-11

Applicant: Yukinobu Nakabayashi

Inventor： Yukinobu Nakabayashi

IPC: G02B612

CPC classification number: G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/3558 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: An optical circuit include a plurality of optical wave guides each having an electro-optic crystal such as LiNbO3 or LiTaO3 and a domain orientation different from the other waveguide. More specifically, in accordance with the invention, a portion of the circuit is inverted with respect to a domain. For instance, in an optical wave guide having a domain-inverted portion, if electric fields having the same orientation are applied to a plurality of portions which vary an index of refraction thereof, indexes of refraction are caused to vary in opposite polarities. Hence, it is possible to lower a voltage at which an optical device operates. If the present invention is applied to a Mach-Zehnder type phase shifter, it would be possible to accomplish push-pull operation, only if an electric field has one orientation. The invention further lower a voltage at which the phase shifter operates through a difference in an index of refraction between two optical wave guides.

Abstract translation: 光电路包括多个光波导，每个光波导具有诸如LiNbO 3或LiTaO 3的电光晶体，并且与其它波导不同的畴取向。 更具体地，根据本发明，电路的一部分相对于域反转。 例如，在具有域反转部分的光波导中，如果将具有相同取向的电场施加到改变其折射率的多个部分，则引起折射率相反的极性。 因此，可以降低光学器件工作的电压。 如果将本发明应用于马赫 - 曾德尔型移相器，则仅当电场具有一个取向时，才能实现推挽操作。 本发明通过两个光波导之间的折射率的差异进一步降低了移相器工作的电压。

公开(公告)号：US06281030B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-28

申请号：US09580896

申请日：2000-05-30

Applicant: Junichi Shimizu

Inventor： Junichi Shimizu

IPC: H01L2100

CPC classification number: G02F1/2257 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises a pair of phase modulator arm waveguides and a single driver for a push-pull modulation. A first electrode connected to p-type cladding layer of first modulator arm is maintained at a negative potential V&pgr;, a second electrode connected to n-type cladding layer of first modulator arm and p-type cladding layer of second modulator arm is driven by a drive voltage, and a third electrode connected to n-type cladding layer of second modulator arm is maintained at a ground potential. The drive voltage changes between V&pgr;, and V&pgr;/2 for push-pull modulation of both modulator arms.

Abstract translation: 半导体马赫 - 曾德调制器包括一对相位调制器臂波导和用于推挽调制的单个驱动器。 连接到第一调制臂的p型包层的第一电极保持在负电位Vpi，与第一调制臂的n型包层连接的第二电极和第二调制器臂的p型包层由 驱动电压，与第二调制臂的n型包层连接的第三电极保持接地电位。 两个调制器臂的推挽调制之间的驱动电压在Vpi和Vpi / 2之间变化。

公开(公告)号：US06222966B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09222165

申请日：1998-12-29

Applicant: Mujibun Nisa Khan ,  Rene Henri Monnard

Inventor： Mujibun Nisa Khan ,  Rene Henri Monnard

IPC: G02B626

CPC classification number: G02F1/3138 ,  G02B2006/1215 ,  G02B2006/12195 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2203/25

Abstract: Changing the index in the two output branches of a Y-branch optical waveguide in opposite directions, in amounts which are controlled by electrical signals applied to the branches, is used to control the chirp of the signal outputted from the Y-branch optical waveguide. In this manner, predetermined amount of chirp can be add to or subtract from an input signal to the Y-branch optical waveguide. The Y-branch optical waveguide can be fabricated using Group II-VI, Group III-V or Group IV material systems or using an insulating material, such as lithium niobate. The output branches of a semiconductor implemented Y-branch optical waveguide can be fabricated to each include a multiple quantum well for controlling the refractive index of that branch in response to an electrical signal.

Abstract translation: 以Y分支光波导的两个输出分支中的相反方向的变化量，由加到分支上的电信号控制的量来控制从Y分支光波导输出的信号的啁啾。 以这种方式，可以向Y分支光波导的输入信号增加或减少预定量的啁啾。 Y分支光波导可以使用II-VI族，III-V族或IV族材料体系或使用诸如铌酸锂的绝缘材料来制造。 可以制造半导体实现的Y分支光波导的输出分支，每个包括用于响应于电信号来控制该分支的折射率的多量子阱。

公开(公告)号：US5991471A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-23

申请号：US57602

申请日：1998-04-09

Applicant: Jun Yu

Inventor： Jun Yu

IPC: G02F1/017 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/035

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/2257 ,  G02F1/01708 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2203/20 ,  G02F2203/25

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder optical modulator is provided having first and second modulation electrodes on respective first and second interferometric arms for receiving modulating electric fields, and the two modulation electrodes are of different lengths, the ratio of the lengths being designed to control the relative bias of the two arms, thereby provide for adjustment and optimization of frequency chirp, in a positive or negative chirp MZ modulator or in a configurable chirp MZ modulator. The modulator may have an asymmetric input y-junction coupler and an asymmetric output y-junction coupler to provide unequal power splitting, and interferometric arms defining two optical paths, which may be of equal or unequal length so as to generate a fixed phase difference of 0, .pi. or .pi./2. Preferably, the device is operated with equal push-pull drive, although non-equal push pull drive may alternatively be used. The asymmetric modulation electrodes may be used in combination with an additional control electrode or pair of control electrodes, and with equal or non-equal power splitting. This structure is applicable to either semiconductor MZ modulators or lithium niobate MZ modulators, and provides additional flexibility to optmize frequency chirp.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种马赫 - 策德尔光调制器，其在相应的第一和第二干涉臂上具有用于接收调制电场的第一和第二调制电极，并且两个调制电极具有不同的长度，设计的长度比用于控制相对偏置 从而在正或负啁啾MZ调制器或可配置啁啾MZ调制器中提供频率啁啾的调整和优化。 调制器可以具有非对称输入y结耦合器和非对称输出y结耦合器以提供不相等的功率分配，以及限定两个光路的干涉臂，其可以具有相等或不等长度，以便产生固定的相位差 0，pi或pi / 2。 优选地，该装置以相等的推挽驱动方式操作，但是也可以使用不相等的推挽驱动。 不对称调制电极可以与附加的控制电极或一对控制电极组合使用，并且具有相等或不相等的功率分配。 该结构适用于半导体MZ调制器或铌酸锂MZ调制器，并提供额外的灵活性来优化频率啁啾。