公开(公告)号：US20060286006A1

公开(公告)日：2006-12-21

申请号：US11344582

申请日：2006-01-30

Applicant: C. McDaniel ,  Marvin Woskow ,  Bernhard Kalis

Inventor： C. McDaniel ,  Marvin Woskow ,  Bernhard Kalis

IPC: B01J16/00

CPC classification number: C02F3/342 ,  B01J2208/00814 ,  B01J2208/025 ,  B01J2219/30207 ,  B01J2219/32279 ,  B01J2219/32289 ,  B01J2219/32466 ,  B01J2219/32491 ,  C02F2101/105 ,  C02F2101/30 ,  C02F2101/306

Abstract: This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for the detoxification of fluid streams, for example, wastewater contaminated with neurotoxins, particularly organophosphorous compounds, and comprises contacting the fluid stream with a bioactive coating. More particularly, the invention relates to chemical reactors for detoxifying fluid streams and also, bioactive coated support components comprising rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible support materials coated with a bioactive coating compriseing dessicated whole cells, whole cell fragments, enzymes, and combinations thereof that are capable of hydrolizing neurotoxic organophosphorous chemical compounds. Organophosphorus hydrolases that are capable of detoxifying organophosphorus compounds that are: chemical weapons agents, in particular, tabun (“GA”), sarin (“GB”), soman (“GD”), cyclosarin, VX, and its isometric analog Russian VX (“VR” or “R-VX”); chemical weapons agent analogs, chemical weapons surrogates; and pesticides are most preferred. The process and apparatus embodiments of the present invention are designed to detoxify organophosphorus compounds continuously, semi-continuously and and in batch operation.

Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及用于解毒流体物流的方法和装置，例如被神经毒素特别是有机磷化合物污染的废水，并且包括使流体物流与生物活性涂层接触。 更具体地说，本发明涉及用于对流体物流进行解毒的化学反应器，还包括涂覆有生物活性涂层的刚性，半刚性或柔性支撑材料的生物活性涂覆的支撑部件，其包含被干燥的全细胞，全细胞碎片，酶及其组合 能够使神经毒性有机磷化合物水解。 能够解毒有机磷化合物的有机磷水解酶是：化学武器剂，特别是tabun（“GA”），sarin（“GB”），soman（“GD”），环素，VX及其等距模拟俄罗斯VX （“VR”或“R-VX”）; 化学武器代理类似物，化学武器替代品; 农药是最优选的。 本发明的方法和装置实施方案被设计为连续，半连续和分批操作对有机磷化合物进行脱毒。

公开(公告)号：US5866095A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-02

申请号：US784045

申请日：1997-01-17

Applicant: Casey E. McGeever ,  Christopher J. Nagel

Inventor： Casey E. McGeever ,  Christopher J. Nagel

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/38 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/26 ,  A62D101/28 ,  A62D101/40 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B09B3/00 ,  F23G5/00 ,  F23G5/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: A62D3/32 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  Y10S423/12

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for converting a feed, such as a carbonaceous waste, to dissolved atomic constituents for subsequent oxidation of the dissolved atomic constituents. The feed is injected into a molten bath which, at a sufficient temperature, causes conversion of essentially all of the feed to its atomic constituents, such as atomic carbon. Essentially all of the atomic constituents which are to be oxidized in the molten bath dissolve in the molten bath. An oxidant is injected into the molten bath at a rate sufficient to cause the oxidant to exothermically react with the dissolved atomic constituents to heat at least a portion of the molten bath. The heated portion is thereafter exposed to subsequently injected feed, whereby essentially all of the subsequently injected feed is converted to atomic constituents, and whereby essentially all of the atomic constituents which are to be oxidized in the molten bath dissolve in the molten bath, thereby converting the feed to the dissolved atomic constituents for subsequent oxidation of the dissolved atomic constituents.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于将诸如碳质废物的进料转化成溶解的原子成分以便随后氧化溶解的原子成分的方法和系统。 将进料注入熔池中，该熔池在足够的温度下导致基本上所有进料转化成其原子组分如原子碳。 基本上所有要在熔融浴中被氧化的原子成分溶解在熔池中。 将氧化剂以足以使氧化剂与溶解的原子组分放热反应以加热至少一部分熔融浴的速率注入熔融浴中。 然后将加热部分暴露于随后注射的进料中，由此基本上所有随后注入的进料都转化为原子组分，从而基本上所有待在熔融浴中被氧化的原子组分溶解在熔池中，由此转化 溶解的原子成分的进料，用于随后氧化溶解的原子成分。

公开(公告)号：US5516492A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-14

申请号：US907692

申请日：1992-06-30

Applicant: Junchang Dong ,  Elliot Berman

Inventor： Junchang Dong ,  Elliot Berman

IPC: B01D53/88 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J15/00 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/12 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F1/30 ,  C02F1/32 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: B01J8/02 ,  B01D53/885 ,  B01J15/005 ,  B01J16/005 ,  B01J19/122 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J8/0292 ,  C02F1/325 ,  C02F1/725 ,  B01D2255/802 ,  B01J2208/00451 ,  B01J2208/00548 ,  B01J2208/0084 ,  B01J2219/0077 ,  B01J2219/00772 ,  C02F2201/3227 ,  C02F2201/328 ,  C02F2305/10 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: In a reactor and process for the photopromoted catalytic decomposition of compounds in a fluid stream, the area of a catalyst support structure and/or the amount of catalyst on the support structure is varied as a function of distance from a light source to enhance quantum efficiency. In a preferred embodiment, the support structure has a surface area per unit of reaction chamber volume which increases with distance from the light source, or the amount of catalyst on the support structure per unit area increases with distance from the light source to maintain the light intensity on the catalyst within a desired range regardless of dispersion and/or absorption effects. In another embodiment, the support structure includes a plurality of curved plates which may, for example, be spherical, cylindrical or helical.

Abstract translation: 在反应器和用于液体流中化合物的光促进催化分解的方法中，催化剂载体结构的面积和/或载体结构上的催化剂的量随着距离光源的距离而变化，以提高量子效率 。 在优选实施例中，支撑结构具有每单位反应室体积的表面积，其随着距离光源的距离而增加，或者每单位面积上的支撑结构上的催化剂的量随着距离光源的距离而增加，以保持光 无论分散和/或吸收效果如何，催化剂上的强度都在所需范围内。 在另一个实施例中，支撑结构包括多个弯曲板，其可以是例如球形，圆柱形或螺旋形的。

公开(公告)号：US5409674A

公开(公告)日：1995-04-25

申请号：US227214

申请日：1994-04-13

Applicant: Metwalli Ali ,  Gerhard Jedlicka

Inventor： Metwalli Ali ,  Gerhard Jedlicka

IPC: B01D3/20 ,  B01J7/02 ,  B01J14/00 ,  C01B11/02 ,  B01J16/00

CPC classification number: B01D3/20 ,  B01J14/00 ,  B01J7/02 ,  C01B11/025

Abstract: The reactor comprises a plurality of gas-permeable plates, which define reaction stages, which are connected by overflow lines. An annular duct for effecting a gas distribution is provided on at least one plate. The outer wall and the inner wall of the annular duct comprises numerous gas outlet openings. The annular duct is provided with at least one vertical gas-conduction pipe, which extends from the plate and is open at both ends. The top end of the gas-conduction pipe is surrounded by a bell-like cap, which is connected to the annular duct, so that a space through which gases can flow is left between the gas-conducting pipe and the cap.

Abstract translation: 反应器包括多个透气板，其限定通过溢流管线连接的反应级。 在至少一个板上设置用于实现气体分布的环形管道。 环形管道的外壁和内壁包括许多气体出口。 环形管道设置有至少一个垂直导气管，其从板延伸并在两端敞开。 气体传导管的顶端由与环形管道连接的钟形盖包围，使得气体可以流动的空间留在导气管和盖之间。

公开(公告)号：US5073236A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-17

申请号：US434342

申请日：1989-11-13

Applicant: Abraham P. Gelbein ,  Matt Buchholz

Inventor： Abraham P. Gelbein ,  Matt Buchholz

IPC: B01D3/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J15/00 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J35/04

CPC classification number: B01J16/005 ,  B01D3/009 ,  B01J15/005 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J35/04 ,  B01J2219/32206 ,  B01J2219/3221 ,  B01J2219/32213 ,  B01J2219/32227 ,  B01J2219/32237 ,  B01J2219/32248 ,  B01J2219/32255 ,  B01J2219/32466 ,  Y10S203/06

Abstract: A concurrent catalytic reaction with distillation structure involves a plurality of vapor permeable plates which are arranged in spaced apart relationship with a catalyst placed in the open space between two adjacent plates. The catalyst filled area presents a reaction zone where catalytic reaction can take place and the vapor permeable plates present a large surface area for vapor and liquid phase exchange. The invention also encompasses a process for concurrent catalytic reaction with distillation employing structure as aforedescribed and including the steps of feeding a liquid stream to a column employing such structure and directing the stream through the catalytic reaction zone while concurrently distilling a portion of the liquid to present a vapor stream which is directed in countercurrent relationship to the liquid stream flow.

公开(公告)号：US4426451A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-17

申请号：US229038

申请日：1981-01-28

Applicant: Richard L. Columbus

Inventor： Richard L. Columbus

IPC: G01N33/49 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01L3/00 ,  G01N31/22 ,  G01N33/50 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/70 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N33/54

CPC classification number: B01L3/502738 ,  G01N33/5304 ,  G01N33/70 ,  B01L2300/0825 ,  B01L2400/0406 ,  B01L2400/0487 ,  B01L2400/0688 ,  Y10S436/807 ,  Y10T436/147777 ,  Y10T436/175383 ,  Y10T436/25375

Abstract: A reaction vessel, test device, and method of detection or measurement are disclosed, featuring the use of at least two operatively connected zones formed by transport surfaces spaced apart throughout most of the zones a capillary distance. The zones are fluidly connected by meniscus control means effective to stop capillary flow of the liquid from one zone to the other, until an externally generated actuation pressure is applied.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种反应容器，测试装置和检测或测量方法，其特征在于使用由大部分区域间隔开的毛细管距离的输送表面形成的至少两个可操作连接的区域。 这些区域通过弯液面控制装置流体连接，有效地阻止液体从一个区域到另一个区域的毛细管流动，直到施加外部产生的致动压力。

公开(公告)号：US4385012A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-24

申请号：US228185

申请日：1981-01-26

Applicant: Ronald Priestley

Inventor： Ronald Priestley

IPC: B01F5/00 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J19/32 ,  F28F25/08 ,  B01F3/04

CPC classification number: F28F25/08 ,  B01J16/005 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J2219/3221 ,  B01J2219/32213 ,  B01J2219/32279 ,  Y10S261/11 ,  Y10T428/24661 ,  Y10T428/24711 ,  Y10T428/24744

Abstract: Packing sheets are disclosed each of which consists of a flat base and parallel tube sectors formed thereon, alternately on opposite sides of the base. The walls of the tube sectors are corrugated preferably transversely to their length. Such sheets may be assembled together, e.g. using integral joint members, to form packing units of high efficiency for use in phase contacting applications such as cooling and distillation towers.

Abstract translation: 公开了包装片，其中每个包括平面基座和形成在其上的平行管段，交替地在基座的相对侧上。 管部分的壁优选地横向于其长度是波纹的。 这样的片材可以组装在一起，例如， 使用整体接头构件形成高效率的包装单元，用于相接触应用如冷却塔和蒸馏塔。

公开(公告)号：US4320243A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-16

申请号：US24335

申请日：1979-03-27

Applicant: Yves Chauvin ,  Jean Gaillard ,  Gerard Leger ,  Hugo Van Landeghem

Inventor： Yves Chauvin ,  Jean Gaillard ,  Gerard Leger ,  Hugo Van Landeghem

IPC: C07B61/00 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J27/00 ,  B01J31/00 ,  C07C2/08 ,  C07C2/30 ,  C07C2/02

CPC classification number: B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/2405 ,  C07C2/08 ,  C07C2/30 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00166 ,  C07C2531/14 ,  C07C2531/28 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02P20/582 ,  Y10S585/95

Abstract: At least one of propene and butene is oligomerized, preferably dimerized, in an elongate cylindrical reaction zone. A recycle flow and the fresh feed charge are injected tangentially into said reaction zone. The catalyst preferably comprises a nickel compound and a hydrocarbyl aluminum halide.

Abstract translation: 丙烯和丁烯中的至少一种在细长的圆柱形反应区中低聚，优选二聚化。 循环流和新鲜进料装料切向注入所述反应区。 催化剂优选包含镍化合物和烃基卤化铝。

公开(公告)号：US4276270A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-30

申请号：US82258

申请日：1979-10-05

Applicant: F. Michael Gragg ,  James Self

Inventor： F. Michael Gragg ,  James Self

IPC: B01D19/02 ,  B01F1/00 ,  B01F13/02 ,  B01J16/00 ,  C01B25/22 ,  C01B25/225 ,  C01B25/226 ,  C01F11/46

CPC classification number: C01B25/226 ,  B01D19/02 ,  B01F1/0005 ,  B01F1/0038 ,  B01F13/0294 ,  B01J16/00 ,  C01B25/2204 ,  C01B25/225

Abstract: In a multi-stage, multi-vessel phosphoric acid production system where a first reaction vessel contains a first slurry comprising calcium sulfate hemihydrate, monocalcium phosphate and phosphoric acid and a second reaction vessel contains a second slurry comprising calcium sulfate hemihydrate, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, in which the reaction slurry undergoes intra- and inter-vessel circulation, preferably through a draft tube, an improved start-up procedure involves filling the system with heated phosphoric acid having a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 analysis in the range of about 28 to about 38% (e.g. 31%), then feeding phosphate rock to the system, preferably in a separate reaction vessel, while phosphoric acid is recycled from a fourth, filter feed vessel, until the solids content in said slurry is in the range of 25-35% (e.g. about 30%) while the sulfate content in the first vessel is maintained at a negative level (e.g. excess calcium ion) and at a positive level in the second, crystallizer vessel. When the solids content, calcium, and sulfate content are at the proper level (e.g. about 30% solids, -5 to -2% sulfate in the first vessel and +2 to +3% sulfate in the second vessel) the slurry is then transported to a filter and the phosphoric acid is separated from the calcium sulfate hemihydrate.

Abstract translation: 在多级多容量磷酸生产系统中，其中第一反应容器含有包含硫酸钙半水合物，磷酸一磷酸钙和磷酸的第一浆料，第二反应容器含有包含硫酸钙半水合物，硫酸和磷酸的第二浆料 酸，其中反应浆料经受血管内和血管间循环，优选通过引流管，改进的启动程序包括用具有约28至约38％范围内的P2O5分析的加热磷酸填充系统， （例如31％），然后将磷酸盐岩石送入系统，优选在单独的反应容器中，同时从第四个过滤器进料容器再循环磷酸，直到所述浆料中的固体含量在25-35％ （例如约30％），而第二容器中的硫酸盐含量在第二容器中维持在负的水平（例如过量的钙离子），并且在第二容器 。 当固体含量，钙和硫酸盐含量处于适当水平（例如，约30％固体，第一容器中为-5至-2％硫酸盐，第二容器中为+2至+ 3％硫酸盐时），然后将浆液 运送到过滤器，磷酸与半水合硫酸钙分离。

公开(公告)号：US4260584A

公开(公告)日：1981-04-07

申请号：US910163

申请日：1978-05-26

Applicant: Fernando Ore ,  John D. Ellis ,  James H. Moore

Inventor： Fernando Ore ,  John D. Ellis ,  James H. Moore

IPC: B01D9/00 ,  B01D19/02 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  C01B25/22 ,  C01B25/223 ,  C01B25/225 ,  C01B25/226 ,  C01B25/222

CPC classification number: C01B25/226 ,  B01D19/02 ,  B01D9/0018 ,  B01J16/00 ,  B01J19/1868 ,  C01B25/2204 ,  C01B25/2235 ,  C01B25/225

Abstract: The invention comprises a multi-vessel reaction apparatus useful for reacting phosphate rock and sulfuric acid in which the reaction slurry undergoes intra- and inter- vessel circulation (preferably through a draft tube). The solution portion of the slurry in a first vessel or set of vessels (the "dissolver") is preferably maintained at at lower sulfate ion concentration and the solution portion of the slurry in the second vessel or system of vessels (the "crystallizer") is preferably maintained at a positive sulfate ion concentration. Also preferred are means for maintaining the second vessel or set of vessels at a reduced pressure. Most preferred is that means be included in at least one said vessel for incorporating a crystal modifier (e.g. a sulfonic acid, a sulfonic acid salt, tall oil fatty acids or alkoxylated or esterified tall oil fatty acids) in the crystallizer. The system can be used in the anhydrite, hemihydrate or gypsum types of processes.

Abstract translation: 本发明包括用于使磷酸盐岩和硫酸反应的多容器反应装置，其中反应浆料经受血管内和血管间循环（优选通过引流管）。 第一容器或一组容器（“溶解器”）中的浆液的溶液部分优选保持在较低的硫酸根离子浓度，并且浆液在第二容器或容器系统（“结晶器”）中的溶液部分 优选维持在正硫酸根离子浓度。 还优选的是用于在减压下维持第二容器或容器组的装置。 最优选的是，该方法包括在至少一个所述容器中，用于在结晶器中引入结晶改性剂（例如磺酸，磺酸盐，妥尔油脂肪酸或烷氧基化或酯化的妥尔油脂肪酸）。 该系统可用于无水石膏，半水合物或石膏类型的工艺。