Abstract:
Provided is a semiconductor substrate including a seed layer disposed on a substrate, a buffer layer disposed on the seed layer, a plurality of nitride semiconductor layers disposed on the buffer layer, and at least one stress control layer between the plurality of nitride semiconductor layers. The buffer layer includes a plurality of step regions and at least one heterogeneous region. The plurality of step regions includes the same nitride semiconductor material. The heterogeneous region includes a different nitride semiconductor material from the step regions.
Abstract:
A method of programming a multi-level cells (MLC) commonly coupled to a word line in a non-volatile memory device includes shadow-programming first MLC to a first shadow state, shadow-programming second MLC to a second shadow state less than the first shadow state, and then main-programming the first MLC from the first shadow state to a first final state and main-programming the second MLC from the second shadow state to the second final state less than the first final state.
Abstract:
A method of programming a multi-level cells (MLC) commonly coupled to a word line in a non-volatile memory device includes shadow-programming first MLC to a first shadow state, shadow-programming second MLC to a second shadow state less than the first shadow state, and then main-programming the first MLC from the first shadow state to a first final state and main-programming the second MLC from the second shadow state to the second final state less than the first final state.