公开(公告)号：US5833825A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-10

申请号：US798361

申请日：1997-02-10

Applicant: Sief Otten ,  Mark Lubin

Inventor： Sief Otten ,  Mark Lubin

IPC: G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/301

Abstract: A Ag/AgCl electrode includes a rigid tube within which a Ag/AgCl conductor is mounted by epoxy. An insulated wire lead is coupled by a solder joint to the Ag/AgCl conductor. An optional plastic cap seals the upper end of the tube and the wire lead extends out of the upper end of the tube and through the plastic cap. A sodium chloride solution is provided in the lower end of the tube such that the conductor is bathed in the solution. The solution is maintained within the tube by a porous glass, ceramic, or polymeric plug which is press fit into the lower end of the tube. The lower end of the tube, including the plug, is coated with a water soluble non-toxic substance. The water soluble coating is preferably made from a concentrated solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in deionized or RO water which is preferably applied by dip coating and air drying. The PVA forms a hard durable protective coating which prevents the sodium chloride solution from dissipating during the time between manufacture and use of the electrode. In addition, the PVA quickly dissolves once in contact with flowing water.

Abstract translation: Ag / AgCl电极包括刚性管，其中通过环氧树脂安装Ag / AgCl导体。 绝缘线引线通过焊接接头耦合到Ag / AgCl导体。 可选的塑料盖密封管的上端，导线从管的上端延伸出并穿过塑料盖。 在管的下端设置氯化钠溶液，使得导体浸在溶液中。 溶液通过压配合到管的下端的多孔玻璃，陶瓷或聚合物塞保持在管内。 管的下端包括塞子，涂有水溶性无毒物质。 水溶性涂层优选由聚乙烯醇（PVA）在去离子水或RO水中的浓缩溶液制成，优选通过浸涂和空气干燥来施加。 PVA形成硬的耐久保护涂层，其防止氯化钠溶液在制造和使用电极之间的时间内消散。 此外，PVA快速溶解一次与流动的水接触。

公开(公告)号：US4665778A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-19

申请号：US846000

申请日：1986-03-31

Applicant: Mark Lubin ,  Jeffrey I. Mulnick

Inventor： Mark Lubin ,  Jeffrey I. Mulnick

IPC: A63C11/06

CPC classification number: A63C11/06 ,  Y10T407/1825

Abstract: A device for sharpening skis having metal edges is disclosed. The device employs at least two spaced apart edge sharpening tools, such as files, which straddle the ski edges. Each file is connected to a constant torque device. In this manner the edge sharpening tools are automatically brought into continuous contact with the lateral surfaces of the metal edges of the ski with an equal and constant pressure which is not dependent on the user's skills. In preferred embodiments the side files are symmetrically mounted, for example on rotatable arms so that regardless of the lateral pressure applied by the user while sliding the tool longitudinally on the ski, a uniform sharpening and filing pressure is applied to the entire length of the ski edge. The device also provides a support and positioning function for one or more smoothing tool, such as a flat file, which extends transversely across the bottom of the ski as the device is moved longitudinally along the ski. Such smoothing tools provide a simultaneous shaving and smoothing action to the bottom of the ski without having a tendency to dig or gouge into its bottom surface.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于磨削具有金属边缘的滑雪板的装置。 该设备采用至少两个间隔开的边缘磨刀工具，例如跨越滑雪边缘的文件。 每个文件都连接到恒转矩装置。 以这种方式，边缘磨刀工具被自动地与相同且恒定的压力与滑雪板的金属边缘的侧表面连续接触，这不依赖于使用者的技能。 在优选实施例中，侧面文件例如在可旋转的臂上对称地安装，使得不管使用者施加的侧向压力，同时在滑雪板上纵向滑动工具时，均匀的磨锐和压力施加到滑雪板的整个长度上 边缘。 该装置还为一个或多个平滑工具提供支撑和定位功能，例如平板文件，当平板装置沿着滑雪板纵向移动时横向延伸穿过滑雪板的底部。 这种平滑工具提供了对滑雪板底部的同时剃刮和平滑作用，而不具有挖掘或凿入其底部表面的倾向。

公开(公告)号：US5935392A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-10

申请号：US758584

申请日：1996-11-27

Applicant: Mark Lubin ,  Sjef Otten

Inventor： Mark Lubin ,  Sjef Otten

IPC: C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25B11/00

CPC classification number: C25B11/03 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C02F1/4676 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2001/46157 ,  C02F2101/163 ,  C02F2201/4611

Abstract: A carbon fiber electrode is coated with a noble metal oxide to create a noble metal oxide electrode with a very large surface area. According to a presently preferred embodiment, the noble metal oxide is iridium oxide. A method of making the electrode includes preparing a solution of iridium chloride and isopropyl alcohol, dipping a carbon fiber electrode into the solution, drying the electrode in the presence of nitrogen and heat, and heat treating the electrode in the presence of oxygen. An apparatus for removing nitrates from water includes an electrochemical flow cell through which the aqueous solution containing nitrates flows or a holding tank cell into which the solution is introduced and then released after processing, and an electrode system including an anodic iridium oxide coated carbon fiber electrode as described above, a carbon fiber cathodic electrode and a reference electrode. All of the electrodes are immersed in the aqueous solution and coupled to an electronic control circuit which impresses a voltage across the electrodes such that the voltage causes electrochemical reduction/oxidation reactions on the surface of the cathodic electrode. The electrodes are at a potential wherein nitrates are reduced but hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine are not produced. Electrodes having different geometries are also provided.

Abstract translation: 碳纤维电极涂覆有贵金属氧化物以形成具有非常大的表面积的贵金属氧化物电极。 根据目前优选的实施方案，贵金属氧化物是氧化铱。 制造电极的方法包括制备氯化铱和异丙醇的溶液，将碳纤维电极浸入溶液中，在氮气和热的存在下干燥电极，并在氧气存在下对电极进行热处理。 用于从水中除去硝酸盐的装置包括电化学流动池，含有硝酸盐的水溶液通过该电化学流动池或在其中引入溶液并随后在其中释放的储存槽单元，以及包括阳极氧化铱涂覆的碳纤维电极的电极系统 如上所述，碳纤维阴极电极和参比电极。 所有的电极都浸在水溶液中并耦合到电子控制电路，该电子控制电路在电极之间施加电压，使得电压在阴极电极的表面上引起电化学还原/氧化反应。 电极处于其中硝酸盐还原但不产生氢，氧和氯的电位。 还提供了具有不同几何形状的电极。

公开(公告)号：US5614078A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-25

申请号：US671264

申请日：1996-06-26

Applicant: Mark Lubin ,  Sjef Otten

Inventor： Mark Lubin ,  Sjef Otten

IPC: C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C25B11/03

CPC classification number: C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4676 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C02F2001/46119 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2001/46157 ,  C02F2101/16 ,  C02F2101/163 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2201/4616

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing nitrates in an aqueous solution includes an electrochemical cell having a container for containing the aqueous solution containing nitrates, a carbon fiber cathodic electrode, a carbon fiber anodic electrode, and a reference electrode immersed in the aqueous solution, and an electronic control circuit which impresses a voltage across the electrodes causing electrochemical reduction/oxidation reactions on the surfaces of the electrodes. The electrodes are at a potential such that nitrates are reduced to gaseous products, and further such that hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, an other noxious substances are not produced. The cell may be a flow cell or a holding tank and apparatus of different size and capacity are disclosed. The apparatus is useful in reducing nitrates in any water system and is particularly useful in reducing nitrates in aquatic systems without harming aquatic life. One of the methods of the invention includes sequentially impressing three voltage signals between the reference electrode and the cathodic electrode, wherein each of the voltage signals are of different magnitudes, the voltage signals being a constant time-out period voltage, a sweep voltage and a constant working voltage.

Abstract translation: 一种用于降低水溶液中硝酸盐的装置包括具有容纳含有硝酸盐的水溶液的容器的电化学电池，浸渍在水溶液中的碳纤维阴极电极，碳纤维阳极电极和参考电极，以及电子控制 在电极上施加电压，引起电极表面的电化学还原/氧化反应。 电极具有使硝酸盐还原成气体产物的潜力，并且进一步使得不产生氢，氧，氯等其它有害物质。 电池可以是流通池或容纳槽，并且公开了不同尺寸和容量的装置。 该装置可用于减少任何水系统中的硝酸盐，并且特别适用于减少水生系统中的硝酸盐而不损害水生生物。 本发明的方法之一包括在参考电极和阴极电极之间顺序地施加三个电压信号，其中每个电压信号具有不同的幅度，电压信号是恒定的超时周期电压，扫描电压和 恒定工作电压。

公开(公告)号：US5324326A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-28

申请号：US796767

申请日：1991-11-25

Applicant: Mark Lubin

Inventor： Mark Lubin

IPC: A61N1/05 ,  A61N1/365

CPC classification number: A61N1/056 ,  A61N1/36564

Abstract: An elongate endocardial lead is disclosed which includes at least one distal electrode for sensing electrical activity in, and delivering electrical pacing pulses to, a patient's malfunctioning heart, a plurality of proximal terminal pins for coupling the lead to a pacemaker device, and a distal pressure sensor for sensing haemodynamic pressure within the heart. The pressure sensor comprises an integrated circuit chip having a layer of piezo-resistive material and a non-conductive base member, with the layer of piezo-resistive material being carried by the base member and having a pressure sensing diaphragm area therein exposed to ambient pressure. The base member and layer of piezo-resistive material are constructed and arranged so as to form a hermetically sealed chamber therebetween, with the chamber being at substantially atmospheric pressure and being substantially coextensive with the pressure sensing diaphragm area. The lead further includes coil wire conductors for coupling the integrated circuit chip and electrodes to various ones of the proximal terminal pins, so that a central lumen is provided in the lead throughout a major portion of the length thereof to facilitate passage of a stylet therethrough for actuating a device at the distal end of the lead to fix the lead to tissue of the heart.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种细长的心内膜引线，其包括至少一个远端电极，用于感测患者的故障心脏中的电活动并将电起搏脉冲输送到多个用于将引线耦合到起搏器装置的近端端子销，以及远端压力 用于感测心脏内血流动力学压力的传感器。 压力传感器包括具有压阻材料层和不导电基底构件的集成电路芯片，其中压电材料层由基底构件承载并具有暴露于环境压力的压力感测膜片区域 。 基底部件和压电材料层被构造和布置成在它们之间形成气密密封的腔室，腔室处于​​基本大气压力并且与压力感测膜片区域基本上共同延伸。 引线还包括用于将集成电路芯片和电极耦合到近端端子引脚中的各种引线的线圈导线，使得在其长度的主要部分中的引线中设置中心腔，以便于通过其通过探针 致动在引线的远端处的装置将引线固定到心脏的组织。

公开(公告)号：US4702253A

公开(公告)日：1987-10-27

申请号：US787125

申请日：1985-10-15

Applicant: Tibor A. Nappholz ,  Mark Lubin ,  Harry L. Valenta, Jr.

Inventor： Tibor A. Nappholz ,  Mark Lubin ,  Harry L. Valenta, Jr.

IPC: A61N1/365 ,  A61N1/36

CPC classification number: A61N1/36521

Abstract: A metabolic-demand pacemaker in which the standby rate is a function of minute volume. Electrodes are placed in a blood vessel in the vicinity of the patient's pleural cavity, a known current field is established in the blood, and the impedance in the field is measured. The impedance is a function of the pleural pressure which, in turn, is a function of the patient's minute volume. The system also includes a mechanism for calibrating the standby rate to equal the nominal standby rate for a minute volume which equals a long-term average value, with the standby rate being changed in accordance with the deviation of the minute volume from the long-term average value.

Abstract translation: 代谢需求起搏器，待机率是微量体积的函数。 将电极放置在患者胸膜周围的血管中，在血液中建立已知的电流场，并测量场中的阻抗。 阻抗是胸膜压力的函数，胸膜压力又是患者微小体积的函数。 该系统还包括用于将备用速率校准为相当于长期平均值的微小体积的标称待机速率的机制，其中待机速率根据微小体积与长期的偏差而改变 平均值。

公开(公告)号：US5958196A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US787382

申请日：1997-01-22

Applicant: Mark Lubin ,  Sjef Otten

Inventor： Mark Lubin ,  Sjef Otten

IPC: C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C25B11/03

CPC classification number: C02F1/46109 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C02F1/4676 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46157 ,  C02F2101/163 ,  C02F2201/003 ,  C02F2201/4611

Abstract: Planar electrodes include a carbon fiber cloth which is woven or braided from a plurality of PAN-derived carbon fibers and which is mounted in a frame. The frame is preferably made of an inert plastic material such as TEFLON, PVC, or DELRIN and the carbon fiber cloth is preferably affixed to the frame with metal strips and fasteners. The metal strips are preferably titanium or a noble metal and the fasteners are preferably made of the same metal as the strips. The metal strips form a low impedance electrical contact with the carbon fiber cloth and enable the electrode to be coupled to a wire lead or electrical contact for use in an electrochemical circuit. According to a second embodiment, the carbon fiber cloth is sandwiched between two metal frames. According to a third embodiment, the carbon fiber cloth is sandwiched between two plastic frames with conductive foil strips or titanium strips forming an electrical contact with the carbon fiber cloth. The carbon fiber cloth may be coated with a noble metal oxide either before or after attachment to the frame. The electrodes according to the invention are ideally suited for use in a nitrate removal system as cathodes and anodes. When used as anodes, several layers of carbon fiber cloth are mounted in a frame. A nitrate removal system incorporating electrodes according to the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 平面电极包括由多个PAN衍生的碳纤维编织或编织并安装在框架中的碳纤维布。 框架优选地由诸如TEFLON，PVC或DELRIN的惰性塑料材料制成，并且碳纤维布优选地用金属条和紧固件固定到框架上。 金属条优选为钛或贵金属，并且紧固件优选地由与条相同的金属制成。 金属条形成与碳纤维布的低阻抗电接触，并且使得电极能够耦合到用于电化学电路中的引线或电接触。 根据第二实施例，碳纤维布夹在两个金属框架之间。 根据第三实施例，碳纤维布被夹在具有与碳纤维布形成电接触的导电箔条或钛条的两个塑料框架之间。 碳纤维布可以在附着到框架之前或之后用贵金属氧化物涂覆。 根据本发明的电极理想地适用于硝酸盐去除系统作为阴极和阳极。 当用作阳极时，将几层碳纤维布安装在框架中。 还公开了包含根据本发明的电极的硝酸盐去除系统。