Abstract:
A level control circuit that generates output signal for level control includes: a control information storage that stores control information corresponding to a signal level, a control information circuit that outputs the output signal for level control corresponding to the signal level of a first input signal based on the control information stored in the control information storage; and an information update circuit that updates the control information of the control information storage according to the signal level of a second input signal.
Abstract:
An apparatus including a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to amplify an input optical signal, and a controller configured to supply preheat current to the semiconductor optical amplifier when the input optical signal is not input to the semiconductor optical amplifier.
Abstract:
The imprint apparatus of the present invention molds an imprint material on a substrate using a mold and cures the imprint material to form a pattern on the substrate. The apparatus includes a holder configured to attract the mold to hold the mold; and a pressure reduction device configured to reduce a back pressure of the mold held by the holder, wherein the apparatus is configured to reduce the back pressure by the pressure reduction device in parallel with release of the mold from the imprint material.
Abstract:
Electrolytic manganese dioxide characterized by having a surface sulfate (SO4) content of smaller than 0.10% by weight and a JIS-pH value, as measured according to JIS K1467, of at least 1.5 but smaller than 3.5, preferably at least 2.1 but smaller than 3.2 is provided. Preferably 3% to 25% in number of the fine particles of the manganese dioxide have a particle diameter of not larger than 1 μm. A battery provided with a cathode made from the electrolytic manganese dioxide as active material exhibits good high-rate discharge characteristics and good resistance to metal corrosion.
Abstract:
A level control circuit that generates output signal for level control includes: a control information storage that stores control information corresponding to a signal level, a control information circuit that outputs the output signal for level control corresponding to the signal level of a first input signal based on the control information stored in the control information storage; and an information update circuit that updates the control information of the control information storage according to the signal level of a second input signal.
Abstract:
An optical amplification apparatus includes a front-stage semiconductor optical amplifier which amplifies an input light and a rear-stage semiconductor optical amplifier which amplifies an amplified light outputted from the front-stage semiconductor optical amplifier. The front-stage semiconductor optical amplifier exercises auto level control of an output light by exercising variable control of driving current which flows according to applied voltage higher than light emitting threshold voltage of an internal optical amplification element. The rear-stage semiconductor optical amplifier performs gate switching of a transmitted light by exercising switching control of driving current. By doing so, distortion of a waveform is controlled and optical communication quality can be improved.
Abstract:
A driving circuit of a semiconductor optical amplifier type gate switch constituting a matrix optical switch is provided with an operation amplifier into which a driving signal is input and from which a current corresponding to the driving signal is output, an inductance element provided at an output terminal of the operation amplifier, and a circuit composed of a diode element and a resistor element connected in parallel and provided between the inductance element and the semiconductor optical amplifier.
Abstract:
A drive circuit includes a first transistor that is controlled to be in on or off state in response to a control signal, and outputs, in on state, a positive current which is input from a first operational amplifier connected with a drain of the first transistor to a semiconductor optical amplifier; and a second transistor that is connected with a source of the first transistor, and is in inverse on or off state to the state of the first transistor. The drive circuit also includes a negative voltage circuit that is connected to a source of the second transistor, and outputs, when the second transistor is in on state, a negative current to the semiconductor optical amplifier.
Abstract:
A level control circuit that generates output signal for level control includes: a control information storage that stores control information corresponding to a signal level, a control information circuit that outputs the output signal for level control corresponding to the signal level of a first input signal based on the control information stored in the control information storage; and an information update circuit that updates the control information of the control information storage according to the signal level of a second input signal.
Abstract:
A drive circuit is provided for a semiconductor optical amplifier type gate switch includes a first transmission path and a second transmission path. The first transmission path includes a common first sub-path between a signal source and a first node; and an individual second sub-path for each of a plurality of operational amplifiers between the first node and a corresponding one of the operational amplifiers. The second transmission path includes an individual third sub-path between each of the operational amplifiers and a second node; and a common fourth sub-path between the second node and the semiconductor optical amplifier type gate switches. Transmission delay times of all the individual second sub-paths are equal, and transmission delay times of all the individual third sub-paths are equal.