公开(公告)号：US20050105595A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-19

申请号：US10715222

申请日：2003-11-17

Applicant: Frederick Martin ,  Edgar Callaway ,  Paul Gorday ,  David Taubenheim

Inventor： Frederick Martin ,  Edgar Callaway ,  Paul Gorday ,  David Taubenheim

IPC: H04B1/707 ,  H04L27/22 ,  H04B1/713 ,  H04B7/216

CPC classification number: H04L27/22 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04B1/709 ,  H04B2201/70707

Abstract: A direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) receiver (100) consistent with certain embodiments has a frequency generator (112) that generates a local oscillator signal without use of a piezoelectric crystal. A frequency converter (108) receives the local oscillator signal and mixes the local oscillator signal with a received DSSS signal to produce a down-converted signal. The received DSSS signal is encoded using a first set of DSSS code. A differential chip detector (116) receives the down-converted signal and converts the down-converted signal to a differentially detected signal. A correlator (120) receives the differentially detected signal and correlates the detected signal with a set of DSSS codes that are time-shifted from the first set of DSSS codes. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract translation: 与某些实施例一致的直接序列扩频（DSSS）接收机（100）具有在不使用压电晶体的情况下产生本地振荡器信号的频率发生器（112）。 变频器（108）接收本地振荡器信号，并将本地振荡器信号与接收到的DSSS信号进行混频，产生下变频信号。 接收的DSSS信号使用第一组DSSS码进行编码。 差分芯片检测器（116）接收下变频信号并将下变频信号转换成差分检测信​​号。 相关器（120）接收差分检测信​​号，并将检测到的信号与从第一组DSSS码进行时移的一组DSSS码进行相关。 该摘要不被认为是限制性的，因为其他实施例可能偏离本摘要中描述的特征。

公开(公告)号：US20050079843A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-14

申请号：US10683098

申请日：2003-10-10

Applicant: Paul Gorday ,  Edgar Callaway ,  Frederick Martin ,  Qicai Shi

Inventor： Paul Gorday ,  Edgar Callaway ,  Frederick Martin ,  Qicai Shi

IPC: H04B1/40 ,  H04L27/00 ,  H04B1/06 ,  H04B7/00

CPC classification number: H04B1/406 ,  H04L2027/0065

Abstract: The present invention provides a multimode receiver design for mitigation of frequency offset by selective demodulation of an input modulated signal. The receiver (103) comprises a plurality of demodulators (207). Each of the plurality of demodulators (207) has the same functionality but different receiver sensitivity versus frequency-offset mitigation characteristics. Each of these demodulators incorporates a different demodulation technique. A suitable demodulator is selected to demodulate the received signal. The choice of a suitable demodulator is based on the value of the frequency offset (305, 307).

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种多模接收机设计，用于通过对输入调制信号的选择性解调来减轻频偏。 接收器（103）包括多个解调器（207）。 多个解调器（207）中的每一个具有相同的功能，但是具有不同的接收机灵敏度与频偏抑制特性。 这些解调器中的每一个都包含不同的解调技术。 选择合适的解调器来解调所接收的信号。 合适的解调器的选择基于频率偏移的值（305,307）。

公开(公告)号：US20060004474A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：US11215212

申请日：2005-08-30

Applicant: David Long ,  Frederick Martin ,  John Weeks

Inventor： David Long ,  Frederick Martin ,  John Weeks

IPC: G06F19/00

CPC classification number: G06Q10/06

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for evaluating the environmental impact of various chemical components as a function of their proposed functional use in a chemical product, methods for formulating products based on those evaluations, and databases for assisting in those methods. Consumer products can be environmentally improved using these methods. Environmental criteria are in part developed based on the nature of the ultimate use of the product, and usually vary for a given chemical between types of proposed uses. The environmental classes for components are adjusted by their weight representation in the final product.

公开(公告)号：US5124859A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-23

申请号：US705477

申请日：1991-05-24

Applicant: Frederick Martin ,  Timothy Fohl

Inventor： Frederick Martin ,  Timothy Fohl

IPC: G02B5/24

CPC classification number: G02B5/24

Abstract: A narrow passband, reflective optical filter at a wavelength L, has a container filled with a pressurized gas, the pressurized gas having a ground state transition corresponding to the wavelength L and transparent to all other wavelengths. The container has at least one optically transparent major planar surface serving as the face thereof, whereby incoming broadband light is absorbed by the gas, except at its resonance wavelength L, which is specularly reflected. The optically transparent face of the container optionally has a broadband anti-reflective coating to improve its out-of-band rejection of unwanted wavelengths of the light signal. An optical system utilizing this narrow passband, reflective optical filter has at least one optical element to focus incoming broadband optical signals on the optically transparent face of the narrow passband, reflective optical filter and an optical signal detection component positioned to detect reflected narrowband light of wavelength L specularly reflected from the filter. An optical imaging system utilizing this narrow passband, reflective optical filter has at least one narrow passband, reflective optical filter, at least one optical element to focus incoming broadband optical signals on the optically transparent face of the filter, and an imaging optical signal detection component positioned to detect and view reflected narrowband light of wavelength L specularly reflected from the filter, thereby providing an image of the source of the optical signals.

Abstract translation: 波长为L的窄通带反射式滤光器具有填充有加压气体的容器，该加压气体具有对应于波长L的基态状态转变并对所有其它波长透明。 容器具有至少一个用作其表面的光学透明主平面，由此，入射宽带光被除了被镜面反射的谐振波长L之外的气体吸收。 容器的光学透明表面可选地具有宽带抗反射涂层，以改善其对光信号的不需要的波长的带外抑制。 利用这种窄通带的光学系统，反射式光学滤波器具有至少一个光学元件，用于将入射的宽带光信号聚焦在窄通带的光学透明面上，反射光学滤波器和光信号检测元件，其被定位成检测波长的反射窄带光 L镜像反射从过滤器。 利用这种窄通带的光学成像系统，反射型滤光器具有至少一个窄通带，反射式滤光器，至少一个光学元件，用于将入射的宽带光信号聚焦在滤光器的光学透明面上，以及成像光信号检测部件 定位成检测和观察从滤波器镜面反射的波长L的反射窄带光，从而提供光信号源的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20050134456A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-23

申请号：US10743961

申请日：2003-12-23

Applicant: Feng Niu ,  Spyros Kyperountas ,  Frederick Martin ,  Jian Huang ,  Qicai Shi ,  Timothy Bancroft ,  Neiyer Correal

Inventor： Feng Niu ,  Spyros Kyperountas ,  Frederick Martin ,  Jian Huang ,  Qicai Shi ,  Timothy Bancroft ,  Neiyer Correal

IPC: G01S5/02 ,  G01S1/02 ,  G01S19/42 ,  G06Q10/00 ,  H04W8/18 ,  H04W64/00 ,  G08B1/08

CPC classification number: G01S5/14 ,  G01S5/02 ,  G01S5/0289 ,  G06Q10/087 ,  H04W8/18 ,  H04W64/00

Abstract: A method and location determination module is provided for determining a location of one of a plurality of units using neighbor lists. Each unit is communicatively coupled to at least some of the other plurality of units, where at least some of the plurality of units are reference units, whose locations are known. The units communicate with other nearby units within communication range, to establish neighbor lists. A unit to be located then identifies an aggregate value corresponding to the number of occurrences of the reference units in the neighbor list of the unit to be located and the neighbor lists of each of a group of associated units. The location of the unit to be located is then determined, based upon the known locations of the reference units and the number of identified occurrences of the reference units in the corresponding neighbor lists.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种方法和位置确定模块，用于使用邻居列表来确定多个单元中的一个单元的位置。 每个单元通信地耦合到其他多个单元中的至少一些，其中多个单元中的至少一些是参考单元，其位置是已知的。 单位与通信范围内的其他附近单位进行通信，建立邻居列表。 然后，要定位的单元识别与要定位的单元的邻居列表中的参考单元的出现次数和一组关联单元中的每一个的邻居列表相对应的聚合值。 然后，基于参考单元的已知位置和相应邻居列表中的参考单元的识别出现次数来确定要定位的单元的位置。

公开(公告)号：US20050074036A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-07

申请号：US10678416

申请日：2003-10-03

Applicant: Paul Gorday ,  Edgar Callaway ,  Frederick Martin ,  David Taubenheim

Inventor： Paul Gorday ,  Edgar Callaway ,  Frederick Martin ,  David Taubenheim

IPC: H04B1/18 ,  H04B7/005 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04J11/00 ,  H04J13/00 ,  H04L20060101 ,  H04L7/04 ,  H04L27/00

CPC classification number: H04L27/0014 ,  H04L7/04 ,  H04L2027/0026 ,  H04L2027/0083 ,  H04W56/0035 ,  Y02D70/00 ,  Y02D70/142 ,  Y02D70/144 ,  Y02D70/162 ,  Y02D70/22

Abstract: A method (500) and system for compensation of frequency offset between a first transceiver (102) and a second transceiver (104) in wireless communication are disclosed. The compensation of the frequency offset between two or more transceivers (102, 104) is achieved using frequency synchronization bursts. These bursts contain information about the frequency offset. The frequency synchronization bursts are transmitted by the first transceiver at a range of frequencies above and below its carrier frequency (502). A second transceiver that receives at least one of these bursts (504) determines the frequency offset (504), and adjusts its frequency to match the frequency of the first transceiver (508). Thereafter, the second transceiver may enter a low power sleep mode (510) in order to reduce its power consumption. The second transceiver returns to active mode (512) just before the start of the transmission of the data packets (514).

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于在无线通信中补偿第一收发器（102）和第二收发器（104）之间的频率偏移的方法（500）和系统。 使用频率同步脉冲串实现两个或多个收发器（102,104）之间的频率偏移的补偿。 这些突发包含有关频率偏移的信息。 频率同步突发由第一收发器在其载波频率（502）之上和之下的频率范围内传输。 接收这些突发（504）中的至少一个的第二收发器确定频率偏移（504），并且调整其频率以匹配第一收发器（508）的频率。 此后，第二收发器可以进入低功率休眠模式（510），以便降低其功耗。 第二收发器在数据分组（514）的发送开始之前返回到活动模式（512）。

公开(公告)号：US5038406A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US409174

申请日：1989-09-19

Applicant: Paul J. Titterton ,  Frederick Martin ,  Dan J. Radecki ,  Robert W. Cotterman

Inventor： Paul J. Titterton ,  Frederick Martin ,  Dan J. Radecki ,  Robert W. Cotterman

IPC: H04B10/22

CPC classification number: H04B13/02 ,  H04B10/11

Abstract: An arrangement for secure two-way tactical laser communications between a submarine submerged in an ocean and an airborne platform. During an initital acquisition mode, the airborne transceiver sends a downlink pulse-modulated blue-green laser beam to the ocean surface and below using a predetermined IFF code to identify the transceiver to the submarine. In the preferred embodiment the transmit optics spread the beam out into an elongated elliptically-shaped pattern to maximize coverage of the search area. When the downlink beam energy is within range of the submarine, an optical receiver on the submarine detects the beam, filters out the background light with a very narrow-band filter, and converts the light pulses to equivalent electrical pulse. A signal processor in the submarine receiver decodes the electrical pulses and verifies the IFF code to prevent the submarine from responding to a laser beam from an unfriendly source. If the IFF is verified, the submarine laser transceiver transmits a pulse-modulated uplink beam response at the same wavelength, but timed so that the light pulses are time interleaved with the downlink pulses. The uplink beam power is carefully controlled to the minimum power level required by the airborne receiver to recover the uplink beam. As soon as the airborne receiver verifies the uplink IFF code, communications being over the laser link for the duration of time that the airborne platform receiver is within range of the uplink beam. In one embodiment of this invention, both receivers employ a Cesium filled atomic resonance filter (ARF) to separate the blue-green beam from any background light.

Abstract translation: 海底潜艇与机载平台之间的安全双向战术激光通信安排。 在初始采集模式下，机载收发器使用预定的IFF码向下游脉冲调制的蓝绿色激光束发射到海洋表面及以下，以识别潜艇的收发信机。 在优选实施例中，发射光学器件将光束扩展成细长的椭圆形图案以最大化搜索区域的覆盖。 当下游光束能量在潜艇的范围内时，潜艇上的光接收器检测光束，用非常窄带滤波器滤出背景光，并将光脉冲转换成等效的电脉冲。 潜艇接收器中的信号处理器解码电脉冲并验证IFF码，以防止潜艇响应来自不友好源的激光束。 如果IFF被验证，则海底激光收发器以相同的波长发送脉冲调制的上行链路波束响应，但是被定时，使得光脉冲与下行链路脉冲进行时间交织。 上行链路波束功率被小心地控制到机载接收机所需的恢复上行链路波束所需的最小功率电平。 一旦机载接收机验证上行链路IFF代码，通信正在激光链路上，持续时间，机载平台接收机在上行链路波束的范围内。 在本发明的一个实施例中，两个接收机采用铯填充的原子共振滤波器（ARF）来将蓝绿光束与任何背景光分离。

公开(公告)号：US5079414A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-07

申请号：US594771

申请日：1990-10-09

Applicant: Frederick Martin

Inventor： Frederick Martin

IPC: G01S3/786

CPC classification number: G01S3/786

Abstract: A tracking system to enable a tracking telescope follow a light source, utilizes an atomic resonance filter positioned in close proximity to said telescope, and imaging optics positioned between the light source and the atomic resonance filter. The atomic resonance filter is positioned such that light signals from the light source pass through the imaging optics and are focused in a region within its interior. A plurality of optical sensors are positioned to detect re-emitted light signals from the atomic resonance filter. The optical sensors convert the detected re-emitted light signals to electrical signals proportional to the intensity of said re-emitted light signals. The telescope is repositioned by using these differences in electrical signals to equalize the re-emitted light signals detected by each of the optical sensors, thereby pointing the telescope directly at incoming light from the light source. Several configurations of the imaging optics, the atomic resonance filter and the optical sensors are possible.

Abstract translation: 跟踪系统能够使跟踪望远镜遵循光源，利用位于所述望远镜附近的原子共振滤波器以及位于光源和原子共振滤波器之间的成像光学元件。 原子共振滤波器被定位成使得来自光源的光信号通过成像光学器件并聚焦在其内部的区域中。 定位多个光学传感器以检测来自原子共振滤波器的再发射的光信号。 光学传感器将检测到的再发射光信号转换成与所述重新发射的光信号的强度成比例的电信号。 通过使用电信号中的这些差异来重新定位望远镜，以平衡由每个光学传感器检测到的再发射光信号，从而将望远镜直接指向来自光源的入射光。 成像光学元件，原子共振滤光器和光学传感器的几种配置是可能的。

公开(公告)号：US5052804A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-01

申请号：US607976

申请日：1990-11-01

Applicant: Frederick Martin

Inventor： Frederick Martin

IPC: G01J1/06 ,  G01J3/12

CPC classification number: G01J1/06 ,  G01J2003/1252

Abstract: A non-imaging optical telescope having a variable field-of-view utilizes an atomic resonance filter within its non-reflective tube. The atomic resonance filter received incoming light through the aperture of the telescope and re-emits the light to an optical sensor. The field-of-view is a function of the distance of the atomic resonance filter from the aperture. A positioning mechanism is provided to move the atomic resonance filter within the tube, thereby varying the field-of-view.

Abstract translation: 具有可变视场的非成像光学望远镜在其非反射管内利用原子共振滤波器。 原子共振滤波器通过望远镜的孔接收入射光并将光重新发射到光学传感器。 视场是原子共振滤波器与光圈的距离的函数。 提供定位机构以移动管内的原子共振过滤器，从而改变视场。

公开(公告)号：US4995101A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-19

申请号：US409208

申请日：1989-09-19

Applicant: Paul J. Titterton ,  Frederick Martin ,  Dan J. Radecki ,  Robert W. Cotterman

Inventor： Paul J. Titterton ,  Frederick Martin ,  Dan J. Radecki ,  Robert W. Cotterman

IPC: H04B10/22

CPC classification number: H04B13/02 ,  H04B10/11

Abstract: A method of providing secure tactical communications between a submerged submarine and an airborne platform using a pulse-modulated blue-green laser beam. During an initial acquisition mode, the airborne transceiver sends out a downlink laser beam to the ocean surface and below using a predetermined IFF code to identify the transceiver to the submarine. In the preferred embodiment the transmit optics spread the beam out into an elongated elliptically-shaped pattern to maximize coverage of the search area. When the downlink beam energy is within range of the submarine, an optical receiver on the submarine detects the beam, filters out the background light with a very narrow-band filter, and converts the light pulses to equivalent electrical pulses. A signal processor in the submarine receiver decodes the electrical pulses and verifies the IFF code to prevent the submarine from responding to a laser beam from an unfriendly source. If the IFF is verified, the submarine laser transceiver transmits a pulse-modulated uplink beam response at the same wavelength, but timed so that the light pulses are time interleaved with the downlink pulses. The uplink beam power is carefully controlled to the minimum power level required by the airborne receiver to recover the uplink beam. As soon as the airborne receiver verifies the uplink IFF code, communications begin over the laser link for the duration of time that the airborne platform receiver is within range of the uplink beam. In one embodiment of this invention, both receivers employ a Cesium filled atomic resonance filter (ARF) to separate the blue-green beam from any background light.

Abstract translation: 一种使用脉冲调制的蓝 - 绿激光束在潜水艇和机载平台之间提供安全的战术通信的方法。 在初始采集模式期间，机载收发器使用预定的IFF码将下行链路激光束发送到海洋表面及以下，以识别潜艇的收发信机。 在优选实施例中，发射光学器件将光束扩展成细长的椭圆形图案以最大化搜索区域的覆盖。 当下游光束能量在潜艇的范围内时，潜艇上的光接收器检测光束，用非常窄带滤波器滤出背景光，并将光脉冲转换成等效的电脉冲。 潜艇接收器中的信号处理器解码电脉冲并验证IFF码，以防止潜艇响应来自不友好源的激光束。 如果IFF被验证，则海底激光收发器以相同的波长发送脉冲调制的上行链路波束响应，但是被定时，使得光脉冲与下行链路脉冲进行时间交织。 上行链路波束功率被小心地控制到机载接收机所需的恢复上行链路波束所需的最小功率电平。 一旦机载接收机验证上行链路IFF码，通信将在激光链路上开始，持续时间，机载平台接收机在上行链路波束的范围内。 在本发明的一个实施例中，两个接收机采用铯填充的原子共振滤波器（ARF）来将蓝绿光束与任何背景光分离。