Abstract:
A degradable plug for use in a wellbore, wherein the degradable plug involves an inducibly degradable composition containing solid polyacetal. After placing the degradable plug in a wellbore, it can be degraded by allowing a portion of the polyacetal present in the inducibly degradable composition to react with an inducer.
Abstract:
A novel method of separating bio oil (pyrolysis oil) into oxygenated rich species and lignin/phenolic based species in a highly efficient manner is provided. Lignin and phenolic fractions can be separated from light oxygenates from bio oil by use of reversible α-hydroxysulfonic acid.
Abstract:
Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels is produced from biomass in a continuous or semi-continuous manner by providing pumpable biomass.
Abstract:
A method of treating ethanol production byproduct is provided by treating wet distillers grain or stillage with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid to produce at least one fermentable sugar containing product. Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels or ethanol can be produced from such methods. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled.
Abstract:
Methods for production of ethanol, distiller's corn oil, and enhanced co-products are disclosed. Methods include obtaining a mixture of one or more co-products of an alcohol production process, which may include wet cake, performing hydrolysis of polysaccharides in the mixture to generate fermentable sugars, fermenting the fermentable sugars in the mixture to produce alcohol, distilling the mixture to remove alcohol from the mixture thereby producing alcohol-containing distillate and enhanced whole stillage, removing released oil from the fermented mixture before distillation and/or from the enhanced whole stillage after distillation, and recovering enhanced wet distiller's grains, enhanced thin stillage, and/or enhanced dried distiller's grains. Compositions disclosed herein include enhanced dried distiller's grains having a cmde protein content of at least 45% on a dry weight basis and having a total fat content of less than 10% on a dry weight basis.
Abstract:
Furfural is produced from biomass material containing pentosan, in high yields, in a production process comprising treating the biomass with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the biomass to produce a product stream containing at least one C5-carbohydrate compound in monomeric and/or oligomeric form, and dehydrating the C5-carbohydrate compound in the presence of an acid, in a biphasic reaction medium comprising an aqueous phase and a water-immiscible organic phase, at a temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to about 250° C. to produce a dehydration product stream containing furfural. An aqueous stream is separated from the dehydration product that can be optionally recycled to the hydrolysis step.
Abstract:
Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels can be produced from biomass by contacting the biomass with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled.