Abstract:
Improved photo-oxidation apparatus for purifying water, which has at least two reaction chambers each connected by water passageways with neighboring chambers, and which has in each chamber, sources of ultraviolet light dipped practically vertically into the water to be treated and fixed by holders placed above the surface of the water. The apparatus is also equipped with nozzles through which gas, usually containing oxygen, is supplied, and with inlets for oxidizing agents, catalysts or photosensitizers in at least two of these chambers or sections.
Abstract:
Method of continuous crystallization of reacted solutes from solution in industrial quantities without formation of scale on the cooling surface. Controlled stirring limits the cooling of a supersaturated solution, providing superior crystal growth, using a Pe number in the range of about 0.1 to about 20.