公开(公告)号：US20130087064A1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-11

申请号：US13267410

申请日：2011-10-06

Applicant: William P. Sampson

Inventor： William P. Sampson

IPC: B01J7/00 ,  C06D5/00

CPC classification number: B01J7/00 ,  B01J15/00

Abstract: A gas generator assembly and method of operation. A plurality of stacks of laterally adjacent and laterally and axially supported gas generant wafers are contained within a housing. An igniter material is placed between the wafer stacks and an initiator. Upon ignition of the igniter material by the initiator, the wafer stacks are ignited and combust, generating a gas which, when reaching sufficient pressure within the housing in excess of ambient exterior pressures, opens a closed exhaust gas port and is released into a gas discharge structure where the gas passes through a heat sink material, cooling the gas before it exits the gas discharge structure for an intended use.

Abstract translation: 一种气体发生器组件及其操作方法。 横向相邻和侧向和轴向支撑的气体发生剂晶片的多个堆叠被包含在壳体内。 将点火器材料放置在晶片堆叠和引发器之间。 当点火器材料被引发器点燃时，晶片堆叠被点燃并燃烧，产生一种气体，当达到超过外部外部压力的壳体内的足够压力时，打开一个封闭的废气端口并释放到气体放电 气体通过散热材料的结构，在气体离开气体排出结构之前将其用于预期用途。

公开(公告)号：US20120321542A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-20

申请号：US13160916

申请日：2011-06-15

Applicant: Sundara Ramaprabhu ,  Adarsh Kaniyoor ,  Tessy Theres Baby

Inventor： Sundara Ramaprabhu ,  Adarsh Kaniyoor ,  Tessy Theres Baby

IPC: C01B31/04 ,  G05D7/00 ,  C01B31/00 ,  B01J19/14 ,  G05D23/00 ,  B82Y30/00

CPC classification number: C01B32/192 ,  B01J15/00 ,  B01J19/0066 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00074 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/23

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for forming graphene and structures including graphene. In an example, a system effective to form graphene may include a chamber adapted to receive graphite oxide. The system may also include a source of an inert gas and a source of hydrogen, which may both be configured in communication with the chamber. A processor may be configured in communication with the chamber, the inert gas source and/or the hydrogen source. The processor may be further configured to control the flow of the inert gas from the first source through the chamber under first sufficient reaction conditions to remove at least some oxygen from the atmosphere of the chamber. The processor may also be configured to control the flow of the hydrogen from the second source to the graphite oxide in the chamber under second sufficient reaction conditions to form graphene from the graphite oxide.

Abstract translation: 通常描述用于形成石墨烯和包括石墨烯的结构的技术。 在一个实例中，有效形成石墨烯的系统可以包括适于接收石墨氧化物的室。 该系统还可以包括惰性气体源和氢源，其可以被配置为与腔室连通。 处理器可以被配置为与腔室，惰性气体源和/或氢源连通。 处理器可以进一步配置成在第一足够的反应条件下控制来自第一源的惰性气体通过室的流动，以从室的气氛中去除至少一些氧气。 处理器还可以被配置为在第二足够的反应条件下控制氢气从第二源到室中的氧化石墨，以从石墨氧化物形成石墨烯。

公开(公告)号：US08062518B2

公开(公告)日：2011-11-22

申请号：US12237653

申请日：2008-09-25

Applicant: Jerry Hanna

Inventor： Jerry Hanna

IPC: C02F1/52

CPC classification number: C02F1/5227 ,  B01F1/0033 ,  B01F5/0603 ,  B01F5/0606 ,  B01F5/064 ,  B01J15/00 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J2219/00768 ,  B01J2219/00777 ,  C02F1/56

Abstract: A water reaction tank for reacting water containing suspended solids with a flocculant includes a housing having an input, an output, and a water flow path between the input and the output. The flow path has a mixing section and a reaction section. Sealable flocculant ports are provided for inserting a flocculant into the mixing section of the housing. Each of the mixing section and the reaction section contains baffles. The mixing section baffles encourage turbulent flow to increase contact with the flocculant, and the reaction section baffles encourage turbulent flow and increase the length of the water flow path.

Abstract translation: 用于使含有悬浮固体的水与絮凝剂反应的水反应罐包括在输入和输出之间具有输入，输出和水流路径的壳体。 流路具有混合部和反应部。 提供可密封的絮凝剂端口用于将絮凝剂插入壳体的混合部分。 每个混合部分和反应部分都包含挡板。 混合段挡板促使湍流增加与絮凝剂的接触，并且反应段挡板促进湍流并增加水流路径的长度。

公开(公告)号：US20030121365A1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-03

申请号：US10300380

申请日：2002-11-20

Inventor： Bruce Dover ,  Edgard Matrak

IPC: B22F009/22

CPC classification number: B22F9/22 ,  B01J6/004 ,  B01J15/00 ,  B01J2219/1923 ,  C22B5/12 ,  C22B5/14 ,  C22B34/36

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the method and the apparatus for reducing tungsten oxide powder to tungsten metal powder. The method produces more uniform particle size distribution by decreasing the variability of temperature and inconsistency of reductant gas flow during the reduction process. The method includes the steps of: providing powder particles of WOx in a unique reaction boat with a low aspect ratio to a multi-tube furnace; (a) contacting particles of WOx, wherein x is at least 2.5, with hydrogen and water vapor under fluid bed conditions at a temperature in the range of about 600 degrees to about 1000 degree Centigrade and at a water partial pressure equal to or greater than the equilibrium partial pressure, whereby said particles of WOx are reduced essentially to particles of WO2 with substantially no formation of tungsten metal, and (b) reducing the partial pressure of water in the fluid bed to a level sufficient to achieve reduction of said particles of WO2 to tungsten metal while continuing to maintain said bed at a temperature which is substantially equal to or higher than said first temperature but not over about 1000 degree Centigrade.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及将钨氧化物粉末还原成钨金属粉末的方法和装置的改进。 该方法通过在还原过程中降低温度的变化性和还原剂气体流的不一致性来产生更均匀的粒度分布。 该方法包括以下步骤：向多管式炉提供具有低纵横比的独特反应舟中的WOx粉末颗粒; （a）在流化床条件下，在约600摄氏度至约1000摄氏度的温度范围内和在等于或大于等于或等于1000℃的水分压下使WOx的颗粒与其中的氢和水蒸气接触，其中x至少为2.5。 平衡分压，其中所述WO x颗粒基本上被还原成WO 2的颗粒，基本上不形成钨金属，和（b）将流化床中的水的分压降低至足以实现所述颗粒的 WO 2至钨金属，同时继续将所述床保持在基本上等于或高于所述第一温度但不超过约1000摄氏度的温度。

公开(公告)号：US4994308A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-19

申请号：US200353

申请日：1988-05-31

Applicant: Gregorio Tarancon

Inventor： Gregorio Tarancon

IPC: B01J15/00 ,  C08J7/12

CPC classification number: B01J15/00 ,  C08J7/126

Abstract: This invention concerns the discovery of a new fluid that promotes the fluorination of polymeric materials more safely, more completely, and more efficiently than the fluids used in the prior art. The new fluid is called "dioxifluorine," which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and fluorine where carbon dioxide is the carrier fluid and fluorine is the reactant.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及发现与现有技术中使用的流体相比更加安全，更完整和更有效地促进聚合物材料的氟化的新流体。 新的流体被称为“二氧氟氟化物”，其是二氧化碳和氟的混合物，其中二氧化碳是载体流体，氟是反应物。

公开(公告)号：US4526610A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-02

申请号：US481464

申请日：1983-04-01

Applicant: Hirohisa Miura ,  Hiroshi Satou ,  Toshio Natsume ,  Hidenori Katagiri

Inventor： Hirohisa Miura ,  Hiroshi Satou ,  Toshio Natsume ,  Hidenori Katagiri

IPC: B01J15/00 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B22F9/02 ,  B22F9/12 ,  C22C29/06 ,  C22C29/12 ,  C22C29/14 ,  C22C29/16

CPC classification number: B22F1/02 ,  B01J15/00 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B22F9/12 ,  B01J2219/00099 ,  B01J2219/00119 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  B01J2219/00166 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993

Abstract: A ceramic surface-metallic core particle composite fine powder material is disclosed, composed of fine particles each having a metallic core and a ceramic surface layer, in which the average value of the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer of a powder particle to the radius of the particle is substantially greater than 0.05. A method and an apparatus for making this material from core metal and a gas which combines with the core metal to form the ceramic outer layer are also described, in which a gaseous mixture of vapor of the core metal and the gas is passed through a convergent-divergent nozzle and is thereby rapidly cooled by adiabatic expansion so that the core metal as it solidifies forms metal cores for fine particles while the gas reacts with the outer layers of these particles to form ceramic surface layers.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种陶瓷表面金属芯颗粒复合细粉末材料，其由具有金属芯和陶瓷表面层的细颗粒组成，其中粉末颗粒的表面层的厚度与 颗粒的半径基本上大于0.05。 还描述了一种用于从芯金属制造该材料的方法和装置，以及与芯金属组合形成陶瓷外层的气体，其中核心金属和气体的气体的气体混合物通过会聚 从而通过绝热膨胀快速冷却，使得固化的芯金属形成细颗粒的金属芯，同时气体与这些颗粒的外层反应形成陶瓷表面层。

公开(公告)号：US4484954A

公开(公告)日：1984-11-27

申请号：US404814

申请日：1982-08-03

Applicant: Gregorio Tarancon

Inventor： Gregorio Tarancon

IPC: C08F8/00 ,  B01J15/00 ,  C08F8/18 ,  C08J7/12 ,  C23C8/08 ,  C23C22/00 ,  C23C11/00

CPC classification number: B01J15/00 ,  C08J7/126

Abstract: A batch process for the halogenation of solid polymeric or metallic material comprising the following steps:(a) providing a closed system comprising a chamber containing air at about atmospheric pressure and having inlet and outlet means, a heat exchanger, and a circulation pump, all connected in series;(b) introducing the material into the chamber;(c) heating the chamber and the material to a selected temperature in the range of about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. by recirculating the air through the heat exchanger;(d) evacuating the system;(e) introducing a halogen into the system in an amount (i) of up to about 10 percent in excess of the theoretical amount of halogen required to halogenate the polymeric material to a desired depth and (ii) sufficient to provide a partial pressure in the system in the range of about 0.1 psia to about 3 psia;(f) introducing an inert gas into the system in an amount sufficient to provide a total pressure in the system of about one atmosphere;(g) maintaining the selected temperature by recirculating the halogen/inert gas mixture through the heat exchanger;(h) recirculating the halogen/inert gas mixture a sufficient number of times to reduce the amount of halogen to less than about 5 percent of the amount of halogen initially introduced into the system;(i) evacuating the system;(j) introducing air into the system to provide about atmospheric pressure; and(k) removing the material.

Abstract translation: 用于卤化固体聚合物或金属材料的分批方法，包括以下步骤：（a）提供封闭系统，其包括在约大气压下容纳空气的室，并具有入口和出口装置，热交换器和循环泵，全部 串联连接 （b）将材料引入室内; （c）通过将空气再循环通过热交换器，将室和材料加热至约100°F至约200°F范围内的选定温度; （d）疏散系统; （e）将卤素引入系统中，其量（i）超过将聚合物材料卤化至所需深度所需的理论卤素量的至多约10％，和（ii）足以提供分压 系统在约0.1psia至约3psia范围内; （f）将惰性气体引入系统中，其量足以提供系统中约一个大气压的总压力; （g）通过将卤素/惰性气体混合物再循环通过热交换器来维持所选择的温度; （h）将卤素/惰性气体混合物再循环足够的次数以将卤素的量减少到小于初始引入系统的卤素的量的约5％; （i）疏散系统; （j）将空气引入系统以提供大气压力; 和（k）除去材料。

公开(公告)号：US4447663A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-08

申请号：US353221

申请日：1982-03-01

Applicant: Toru Akiyama ,  Tsutomu Kamihigoshi ,  Shoji Takagi ,  Tadayuki Maeda

Inventor： Toru Akiyama ,  Tsutomu Kamihigoshi ,  Shoji Takagi ,  Tadayuki Maeda

IPC: B01J15/00 ,  B01J19/28 ,  C01B9/08 ,  C01B31/00 ,  C07C17/00

CPC classification number: B01J15/00 ,  B01J19/285 ,  C01B31/005 ,  C01B9/08

Abstract: Continuous fluorination of carbon is carried out by employing an apparatus for contact reaction of solid powder and reactive gas which comprises a horizontal reactor having a trough provided with weirs (e.g. height: 1 to 6 mm., interval: 5 to 30 cm.) and a vibrating means for vibrating the trough, and in which carbon particles supplied continuously are transported on the trough in a form of thin layer by the vibration of the trough while continuing the reaction by contacting efficiently the carbon particles with a fluorine gas. The contact reaction is efficiently conducted without accumulating the reaction heat to produce the fluorinated carbon in high yields, and the process is useful for the mass production. The apparatus is also useful for various contact reaction of a solid powder and a reactive gas.

Abstract translation: 碳的连续氟化是通过采用固体粉末和反应性气体接触反应的装置进行的，该装置包括具有设置有堰的槽的水平反应器（例如，高度为1至6mm，间隔为5至30cm），和 用于振动槽的振动装置，其中连续供应的碳颗粒通过槽的振动以薄层的形式在槽上输送，同时通过有效地使碳颗粒与氟气接触来继续反应。 有效地进行接触反应而不积累反应热，以高产率生成氟化碳，该方法对于批量生产是有用的。 该装置还可用于固体粉末和反应性气体的各种接触反应。

公开(公告)号：US3733387A

公开(公告)日：1973-05-15

申请号：US3733387D

申请日：1971-12-06

Applicant: LONZA AG

Inventor： KUGLER T ,  SILBIGER J

IPC: B01J15/00 ,  C01B33/113 ,  C01B33/18 ,  C22C19/05 ,  H05H1/34 ,  H05H1/42 ,  C01B33/00

CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  B01J15/00 ,  C01B33/113 ,  C01B33/182 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2006/80 ,  C22C19/053 ,  H05H1/3405 ,  H05H1/42 ,  H05H2001/3452

Abstract: FINELY PARTICULATE SILICON OXIDES ARE PRODUCED FROM COARSE PARTICULATE SILICON DIOXIDE USING A LIQUID STABLISHED PLASMA BURNER. HYDROCARBONS ARE USED AS THE STABILISING LIQUID, AND THE COARSE PARTICULATE SILICON DIOXIDE IS REDUCED BY THE HYDROCARBON PLASMA JET LEAVING THE PLASMA BURNER, AND A PART OF THE HYDROCARBON WHICH WITH IS EVAPORATED AND DECOMPOSED IN THE ARC ZONE IS WITHDRAWN TOGETHER WITH THE LIQUID HYDROCARBON STABILISING MEDIUM, WHICH IS RE CYCLED, SEPARATED FROM THE LIQUID, AND USED AS CARRIER GAS FOR FEEDING THE COARSE PARTICULATE SILICON DIOXIDE. FINELY PARTICULATE SILICON MONOXIDE IS INITIALLY FORMED, AND MAY

BE RECOVERED AS SUCH, OR OXIDIZED AT THE ANODE OF THE PLASMA BURNER TO SILICON DIOXIDE.

公开(公告)号：US3719456A

公开(公告)日：1973-03-06

申请号：US3719456D

申请日：1971-03-19

Applicant: BENDIX CORP

Inventor： BODE J

IPC: B01J15/00 ,  C01B13/14 ,  C01B15/043 ,  B01J7/00 ,  C01B13/02

CPC classification number: C01B15/043 ,  B01J15/00 ,  C01B13/14 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH THE COLUMNS TO BARIUM OXIDE CRYSTALS RETAINED IN THE COLUMNS BY MESH. AS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE BARIUM OXIDE CRYSTALS INCREASES, AIR FLOW THROUGH THE INLET PASSAGE AND THE COLUMNS FORMS BARIUM PEROXIDE WHILE THE UNREACTED GAS AND NITROGEN FLOW THROUGH AN OUTLET PASSAGE INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.

AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING BARIUM OXIDE TO A REACTION TEMPERATURE WITH AIR TO FORM BARIUM PEROXIDE. THE APPARATUS HAS A HOUSING WITH AN AIR INLET PASSAGE WHICH PARTIALLY SURROUNDS AND IS CONNECTED TO AN INTERNAL CHAMBER. CENTRALLY LOCATED IN THE INTERNAL CHAMBER ARE HOLLOW PLATE MEMBERS INTERLOCKED BY A SERIES OF FRICTIONAL ABUTTING SLOTS TO FORM RECTANGULAR COLUMNS. INSIDE OF THE HOLLOW PLATE MEMBERS BETWEEN THE SLOTS A PLURALITY OF ELEMENTS ARE CONNECTED TO A SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY. A BLANKET OF ELECTRICALLY INSULATING MATERIAL SURROUNDS EACH ELEMENT TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM BEING TRANSMITTED TO THE PLATE MEMBERS. A CONTROL SWITCH REGULATES THE FLOW OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO EACH ELEMENT WHICH CONVERTS THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO THERMAL ENERGY. THIS THERMAL