Abstract:
The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydrogen cyanide. More particularly, the present invention relates to a commercially advantageous process for producing hydrogen cyanide at enhanced levels of productivity and yield while using natural gas comprising at least one C2+ hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The natural gas is purified to be used as a source of methane-containing feedstock.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydrogen cyanide involving a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes, wherein each of the plurality of tubes comprises a ceramic ferrule extending through the entrance of the tube, each ferrule comprising an insulation layer surrounding at least a portion of the ferrule, and one or more washers, wherein at least one of the one or more washers surrounds the ferrule above the entrance of the tube, wherein the ceramic ferrule is spaced apart from the tube. It further relates to a reaction apparatus for producing hydrogen cyanide involving a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes, wherein each of the plurality of tubes comprises a ceramic ferrule extending through the entrance of the tube, each ferrule comprising an insulation layer surrounding at least a portion of the ferrule, and one or more washers, wherein at least one of the one or more washers surrounds the ferrule above the entrance of the tube, wherein the ceramic ferrule is spaced apart from the tube. It further relates to the heat exchanger for use in this improved process and reaction apparatus.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen cyanide and more particularly, to a process for producing a crude hydrogen cyanide product comprising from 0.05 to 1 vol.% methane. The present invention also relates to a reactor for producing a crude hydrogen cyanide product having a catalyst bed that is supported by an annular shelf that provides a pass-through area of at least 90% of the area of the cross-sectional area of the reactor and the annular shelf substantially prevents catalyst bed bypass. The present invention also relates to a crude hydrogen cyanide product comprising from 0.05 to 1 vol.% methane.
Abstract:
Included are apparatus and methods for preparing a yarn package for a small portion of yarn that provides substantially uniform tension on removal. The method includes providing an amount of yarn up to two pounds which is introduced to a small package with vacuum applied at the bottom of the container and vibration to assist yarn uniform packing of the yarn.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the on-line control of the molecular weight in continuous solid state polymerization processes. In particular it is directed to a polyester process or to a polyamide process, and more specifically to a poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or a poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) or a nylon 6,6 continuous solid-state polymerization (SSP) process. An in-line viscometer melts and measures the molecular weight of the SSP resin and adjusts one or more of the process variables, i.e. reactor time, inert gas purity and inert gas temperature to maintain a constant resin molecular weight.
Abstract:
The invention provides polyester polyol compositions, useful as components of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate polymers, prduced from cyclohexane oxidation reaction byproducts, such as water extracts and non-volatile distillation residues from the reaction. Such byproducts of industrial processes for preparation of adipic acid and caprolactam, important intermediates in the production of various types of nylon, have hitherto largely been used only as fuels. The present invention provides value-added products, methods for making, and methods for using the byproduct-derived polyester polyol compositions. For example, the invention provides polyurethane (PU) and/or polyisocyanurate (PIR) polymers made using the polyol compositions and polyfunctional isocyanates. The PU and PIR polymers can be used as adhesives, binders (e.g., for wood fibers), coatings (e.g., for controlled release fertilizers), and foams.
Abstract:
Disclosed are processes for applying anti-soil compositions onto BCF yarns during cable or air twisting processes prior to weaving, knitting or tufting into finished carpet. The process foregoes the need for downstream environmentally unfavorable dyeing and low pH chemical treatment processes on the finished carpet. The anti-soil composition can be comprised of a high specific surface energy chemical or other material, for example a fluorochemical. Further, the anti-soil composition can further comprise an anti-stain component. Also disclosed are systems, BCF yarns, and carpets made from the BCF yarn treated by the disclosed process.
Abstract:
A hydrocyanation reaction is used to react 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst to produce pentenenitrles, as well as reaction byproducts, such as methylglutaronitrile (MGN). The effluent from the hydrocyanation reaction is distilled in a particular manner to produce a pentenenitrile-enriched stream, a catalyst- enriched stream and a stream enriched in methylglutaronitrile (MGN). At least a portion of the catalyst enriched stream may be recycled to the hydrocyanation reaction, 3- pentenenitrile may be recovered and, optionally, further reacted with HCN to make adiponitrile (ADN).
Abstract:
Nickel-metal-containing solids comprising for use in manufacturing nickel metal complexes are disclosed. The nickel-metal-containing solids are made by reducing basic nickel carbonates. By varying the molar ratios of carbonates and bicarbonates to nickel salts, the methods provide basic nickel carbonates that produce superior nickel metal-containing solids that react more effectively with phosphorous-containing ligands. The phosphorous containing ligands can be both monodentate and bidentate phosphorous-containing ligands.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an improved, fully-integrated continuous process of enhanced process operability for manufacturing copolyether glycols having enhanced physical properties by polymerization of a reaction mixture comprising tetrahydrofuran and at least one alkylene oxide in the presence of an acid catalyst and at least one compound containing reactive hydrogen atoms. The copolyether glycols manufactured by the present process have enhanced physical properties of increased alkylene oxide incorporation, average molecular weight and polydispersity, as well as reduced crystallinity, color, oligomeric cyclic ether content, and linear oligomer having an average molecular weight of up to about 400 dalton content.