The invention belongs to the field of photoelectronics, and particularly relates to a fabrication method of an optical transmission controlled photoelectrode and the photoelectrode. The fabrication method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing an organic macromolecular polymer and a solvent according to a proportion to prepare a macromolecular polymer solution; (2) mixing a metal oxide precursor and the macromolecular polymer solution according to a proportion to prepare paste; (3) spin-coating, scrap-coating and printing the paste on conductive glass to form a thin film of 0.01-10 micrometers; and (4) decomposing the organic macromolecular polymer in the thin film to prepare the metal oxide photoelectrode. By changing a mole ratio between the organic macromolecular polymer and the metal oxide precursor, the environmental temperature and air humidity during preparation of the thin film, the thermal processing temperature and the thermal processing time, the optical transmission of the metal oxide photoelectrode is further controlled, and the optical transmission is controlled within a range of 0-90%. The metal oxide photoelectrode prepared by the method is widely applied to the field of electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, a photovoltaic cell, an electrochromism device and a supercapacitor.