A method for inspecting an aging state of a silicone rubber composite insulating material comprises the following steps: bombarding, for multiple times and by a pulsed laser beam, selected points on a surface of a silicone rubber composite insulating material to be inspected to generate a plasma; collecting spectrum information emitted by the plasma at each bombardment, and extracting, from the collected spectrum information, a spectral property indicator of a specific constituent element of the silicone rubber composite insulating material at each bombardment; and determining aging state information of the silicone rubber composite insulating material according to the change pattern of the spectral property indicator of the specific constituent element with respect to the bombardment depth. The method enables the rapid and accurate inspection of an aging state of a silicone rubber composite insulating material, and avoids the destructive tests required in the prior art.