The present invention provides a titanium ligand-modified black phosphorus and the preparation method and use thereof. The titanium ligand-modified black phosphorus is a complex of black phosphorus and a titanium ligand having a structure represented by formula (I): wherein in the formula (I), R1 comprises C1-C6 alkyl, or phenyl optionally further substituted with 0 to 5 groups each independently selected from halogen atom, C1-C6 alkyl, nitro, hydroxy, amino or C1-C3 alkoxy; the C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy is optionally further substituted with 0 to 3 groups each independently selected from halogen atom, nitro, hydroxy, amino, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl. The titanium ligand-modified black phosphorus of the present invention is not likely oxidized without changing inherent properties of the black phosphorus, and the antioxidant capacity is greatly enhanced.