An optical semiconductor element includes a semiconductor substrate, a first laminated structure provided on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a second laminated structure provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, the first laminated structure includes a first quantum cascade region, the second laminated structure includes a dummy region having the same layer structure as the first quantum cascade region, a second quantum cascade region provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate via the dummy region, and one of the first quantum cascade region and the second quantum cascade region is a quantum cascade laser, and the other of the first quantum cascade region and the second quantum cascade region is a quantum cascade detector.