Abstract:
Disclosed is the use of compounds of general foRmula (I), wherein the variables have the meaning given in the description in dye-sensitized solar cells; to compounds of general formula (I'), wherein the variables have the meaning given in the description; to compounds of general formula (I"), wherein the variables have the meaning given in the description; to the use of compounds of general formula (II), in the case of q equal to 0 or 1 : as precursor compounds for the manufacture of compounds of general formula (I) and in the case of q equal to 1: as precursor compounds for the manufacture of compounds of general formula (I') wherein the remaining variables have the meaning given in the description; to compounds of general formula (III), wherein the variables have the meaning given in the description; to the use of compounds of general formula (I), (I') or (I") as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells; and to such dye-sensitized solar cells per se.
Abstract:
Provided are compounds of general formula (I), the use for producing dye-sensitized solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells comprising ompounds of formula (I).
Abstract:
A detector (110) for determining a position of at least one object (112) with regard to at least one optical sensor (120) is proposed, wherein the optical sensor (120) has an image plane (122). The detector (110) comprises: at least one illumination source (134), wherein the illumination source (134) emits at least one light beam (136), wherein the light beam (136) comprises a component which is parallel to the image plane (122) of the optical sensor (120); the optical sensor (120), wherein the optical sensor (120) has a sensor region (126) in the image plane (122), wherein the optical sensor (120) is adapted to determine a transversal component of the position of the object (112) in an event where the object (112) approaches the optical sensor (120) in a manner that light is scattered from the component of the light beam (136) conducted parallel to the image plane (122) of the optical sensor (120), the transversal component of the position being a position in the image plane (122) of the optical sensor (120), the optical sensor (120) being adapted to generate at least one transversal sensor signal from the light scattered from the component of the light beam (136) conducted parallel to the image plane (122) of the optical sensor (120) in the sensor region (126), wherein the optical sensor (120) is further designed to generate at least one longitudinal sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (126) by light which is scattered from the component of the light beam (136) conducted parallel to the image plane (122) of the optical sensor (120), wherein the longitudinal sensor signal is dependent on a variation of an intensity of the light is scattered from the component of the light beam (136) conducted parallel to the image plane (122) of the optical sensor (120) in the sensor region (126); and an evaluation device (132), wherein the evaluation device (132) is designed to generate at least one item of information on a transversal component of a position of the object (112) by evaluating the transversal sensor signal and wherein the evaluation device (132) is further designed to generate at least one item of information on a longitudinal component of a position of the object (112) by evaluating the longitudinal sensor signal.
Abstract:
A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy. The photovoltaic element (1 10) may especially be a dye solar cell (1 12). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (1 16), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises at least one metal oxide (130).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to 9,9'-spirobifluorene compounds of general formula I wherein the variables have the meaning R11, R12, R21, R22,R31, R32, R41 and R42 independently of each other aryl or hetaryl, S1, S2, S3 and S4 independently of each other &pgr;-conjugated, bivalent moieties, n1, n2, n3 and n4 independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 ≠ 0, in case n1 ≥ 2, n2 ≥ 2, n3 ≥ 2 and/or n4 ≥ 2 the moieties S1, S2, S3 and S4 are identical to or different from each other and in case n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 = 12 not all of the radicals R11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41 and R42 are identical, to the use of compounds of general formula I in organic electronics applications, especially in organic field effect transistors, in organic photodetectors and organic solar cells, specifically in dye-sensitized solar cells and bulk heterojunction solar cells, and to an organic field effect transistor, a dye-sensitized solar cell and a bulk heterojunction solar cell comprising compounds of general formula I.
Abstract:
The present invention relates 9,9'-spirobifluorene compounds of general formula (I) wherein the variables R11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41 and R42 independently of each other have the meaning of aryl or hetaryl, with the proviso that not all of the radicals R11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41 and R42 are identical, to the use of compounds of general formula I in organic electronics applications, especially in organic field effect transistors, in organic photodetectors and organic solar cells, specifically in dye-sensitized solar cells and bulk heterojunction solar cells, and to an organic field effect transistor, a dye-sensitized solar cell and a bulk heterojunction solar cell comprising compounds of general formula I.
Abstract:
An optical detector (1 10) is disclosed, the optical detector (1 10) comprising: - at least one spatial light modulator (1 14) being adapted to modify at least one property of a light beam (136) in a spatially resolved fashion, having a matrix (132) of pixels (134), each pixel (134) being controllable to individually modify the at least one optical property of a portion of the light beam (136) passing the pixel (134); - at least one optical sensor (1 16) adapted to detect the light beam (136) after passing the matrix (132) of pixels (134) of the spatial light modulator (1 14) and to generate at least one sensor signal; - at least one modulator device (1 18) adapted for periodically controlling at least two of the pixels (134) with different modulation frequencies; and - at least one evaluation device (120) adapted for performing a frequency analysis in order to determine signal components of the sensor signal for the modulation frequencies.
Abstract:
A detector (110) for determining a position of at least one object (118) is disclosed. The detector (110) comprises: at least one optical sensor (112), the optical sensor (112) being adapted to detect a light beam (150) traveling from the object (1 18) towards the detector (110), the optical sensor (112) having at least one matrix (152) of pixels (154); and at least one evaluation device (126), the evaluation device (126) being adapted for determining an intensity distribution of pixels (154) of the optical sensor (112) which are illuminated by the light beam (150), the evaluation device (126) further being adapted for determining at least one longitudinal coordinate of the object (118) by using the intensity distribution.
Abstract:
- 107 Abstract A detector for optically detecting at least one object, the detector comprising: at least one optical sensor, wherein the optical sensor has at least one sensor region 5 comprising at least one sensor area; and at least one evaluation device. The optical sensor is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region; the sensor signal, for a given total power of illumination, is dependent on a geometry of the illumination on the sensor area, such as a beam cross section; and the evaluation device is designed to generate at least 10 one item of geometrical information from the sensor signal, such as geometrical information about the illumination and/or the object. Figure 1 6625648_1 (GHMatters) P94583.AU.1 AJM 144 p 138,140 134 130,132 142 118 116 110 124 126 128