Abstract:
The invention relates to a material for sealing cavities between components that are constituted of materials with different temperature behaviors, the material containing an expanding mat. The invention is characterized in that the expanding mat is completely laminated in plastic film and that vacuum conditions are created in the interior space delimited by the plastic film and containing the expanding mat.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a cylinder or prism for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a gas flow (2) containing hydrocarbons by means of a gas flow (3) containing oxygen so as to obtain a reaction gas mixture, on a heterogeneous catalyst, which is designed as a monolith (4), the interior of the reactor (1) being divided by a circular cylindrical or prismatic gas-tight housing (G) arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) into an inner region (A) having one or more catalytically active zones (5), in each of which a respective packing of monoliths (4) stacked one on the other, one next to the other, and one behind the other and, before each catalytically active zone (5), a respective mixing zone (6) having fixed installations are provided, and an outer region (B) arranged coaxial with the inner region (A), said reactor being characterized in that the inner region (A) is insulated from the outer region (B) of the reactor by means of a microporous high-performance insulating material (15) having a thermal conductivity value (λ) less than 0.05 W/m*K at temperatures up to 700 °C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for workup of a stream (1) comprising butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide, comprising the following steps: (a) absorption of the stream (1) comprising butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and/or nitrogen, with or without carbon dioxide, with a mixture (5) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to obtain a stream (9) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and butane, with or without carbon dioxide, and a stream (7) comprising hydrogen and/or nitrogen and butane, (b) extractive distillation of the stream (9) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and butane, with or without carbon dioxide, with a stream (13) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to separate the stream (9) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and butane, with or without carbon dioxide, into a stream (17) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and a stream (15) comprising essentially butane, with or without carbon dioxide, (c) distillation of the stream (17) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene into a stream (23) comprising essentially N-methylpyrrolidone and water, and a stream (21) comprising butene and/or butadiene.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, comprising the following steps: (a) providing at least one amine-containing reactant flow and at least one phosgene-containing reactant flow, (b) mixing the reactant flows to form at least one reaction mixture in a mixing zone, (c) reacting the at least one reaction mixture in a reaction zone, and (d) processing the at least one product mixture obtained from (c), wherein (i) the mixing zone is composed of at least two strands which are connected in parallel and can be controlled separately from each other and which each comprise at least one mixing unit, or (ii) the reaction zone is composed of at least two strands which are connected in parallel and can be controlled separately from each other and which each comprise at least one reaction unit, or (iii) the mixing zone and the reaction zone are composed of at least two strands which are connected in parallel and can be controlled separately from each other and each comprise at least one mixing unit and at least one reaction unit.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a horizontal cylinder for carrying out autothermal gas phase dehydrogenbation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas flow (2) by means of an oxygen-containing gas flow (3), with a reaction mixture being obtained, on a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of a monolith (4), characterized in that the interior of the reactor (1) is divided by a detachable cylindrical or prismatic housing G, which is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1), gastight in the circumferential direction and open at both end faces thereof, into an inner area A, having one or a plurality of catalytically active zones (5), in which are provided a packing of monoliths (4) stacked on, adjacent, and above one another, and, in front of each catalytically active zone (5), a mixing zone (6) having fixed installations, and an outer area B disposed coaxially to the inner area A.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a reactor (1) for carrying out a reaction between two fluid educts (2, 3) on a catalyst bed, the fluid educts being mixed in a mixing device (5) prior to being supplied to the catalyst bed, within a delay period shorter than 150 ms. The reactor is characterised in that the mixing device (5) is formed from the following elements arranged essentially transversally to the approach flow direction of the first fluid educt flow (2): two or three successively arranged rows of tubes (6) comprising turbulence generators on the outer side thereof, narrowing the cross-section for the passage of the first fluid educt flow (2) to between 1/2 and 1/10, the second fluid educt flow being guided through the tubes and sprayed into the first fluid educt flow (2) through holes (7) in the tubes (6); in addition to a perforated plate (10) mounted upstream of the tubes (6); and a perforated plate (11) mounted downstream of the tubes (6).