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    ELECTROCHEMICALLY CONTROLLED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
    101.
    发明申请
    ELECTROCHEMICALLY CONTROLLED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 审中-公开
    电化学控制超导性

    公开(公告)号：WO1989009846A1

    公开(公告)日：1989-10-19

    申请号：PCT/US1989001451

    申请日：1989-04-07

    Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  SADOWAY, Donald, R. ,  ROSE, Robert, M.

    IPC: C25B01/00

    CPC classification number: G01R27/22

    Abstract: The superconductivity properties of superconducting compounds are controlled or maintained by active external electrochemical intervention. The superconducting compound forms one electrode (12) in the electrochemical cell (10). A counterelectrode (14) and the superconducting compound electrode (12) are in contact with an electrolyte (16) and a potential is applied between the counterelectrode (14) and the superconducting electrode (12). The cell is operated at a temperature near the expected transition temperature of the superconducting material. The potential applied between the electrodes is selected to control a property such as transition temperature. In a preferred embodiment, a superconducting material such as Ba2YCu3O7-x serves as an anode (12) and a counterelectrode (14) such as a mercury-mercuric oxide reference electrode serves as a cathode. Suitable oxygen-bearing electrolytes are ozone and trifluoronitrosomethane. In another embodiment, a superconducting cuprate material serves as a cathode and the electrolyte is copper-bearing.

    METHOD FOR ALTERING SURFACE CHARGE OF MICROORGANISMS
    102.
    发明申请
    METHOD FOR ALTERING SURFACE CHARGE OF MICROORGANISMS 审中-公开
    改善微生物表面电荷的方法

    公开(公告)号：WO1989009270A1

    公开(公告)日：1989-10-05

    申请号：PCT/US1989001135

    申请日：1989-03-20

    Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  EASSON, Donald, D., Jr. ,  SINSKEY, Anthony, J. ,  PEOPLES, Oliver, P.

    IPC: C12N15/00

    CPC classification number: C12N9/00 ,  C12N9/10 ,  C12P19/00

    Abstract: The present invention is a method to produce polysaccharides with altered functional groups on their surface having modified surface charge as a result of the altered functional groups. These functional groups include, but are not limited to, negatively charged pyruvyl and succinyl moieties and positively charged amino groups. The polysaccharides can be produced by either: (1) mutation and selection of organisms synthesizing polysaccharides with modified surface charge or (2) engineering of specific genes within organisms to alter the charged groups attached to the polysaccharides during synthesis. Mutation of Zoogloea ramigera polysaccharide, as measured by the change in pyruvate content, is demonstrated. The isolation, characterization and manipulation of the gene for the pyruvyl transferase enzyme, which adds pyruvyl moities to the exopolysaccharide produced by Zoogloea ramigera, leading to an exopolysaccharide having a modified surface charge, is detailed. The modified exopolysaccharides have new applications due to the differences in surface charge. The modified enzymes and sequences regulating their expression can be used to produce novel polysaccharides. Further, studies of the structural-functional relationships of the modified exopolysaccharide can lead to a better understanding of secondary and tertiary structure in polysaccharides.

    Abstract translation: 本发明是由于功能基团的改变而产生具有改变的表面电荷的表面上具有改变的官能团的多糖的方法。 这些官能团包括但不限于带负电荷的丙烯酰基和琥珀酰基部分和带正电荷的氨基。 多糖可以通过：（1）突变和选择具有修饰的表面电荷合成多糖的生物体，或（2）在生物体内工程化特定基因以改变在合成过程中与多糖连接的带电基团。 证明了通过丙酮酸含量变化测量的Zoogloea苎麻多糖的突变。 详细说明了分离，表征和操作丙酮酸转移酶的基因，其向由苎麻生产的外多糖添加丙酮酸，导致具有改性表面电荷的外多糖。 由于表面电荷的差异，修饰的外多糖具有新的应用。 修饰的酶和调节其表达的序列可用于产生新型多糖。 此外，修饰的外多糖的结构 - 功能关系的研究可以更好地了解多糖中的二级和三级结构。

    LIGAND-ACCELERATED CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC DIHYDROXYLATION
    104.
    发明申请
    LIGAND-ACCELERATED CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC DIHYDROXYLATION 审中-公开
    配体加速催化不对称二羟基化

    公开(公告)号：WO1989006225A1

    公开(公告)日：1989-07-13

    申请号：PCT/US1989000086

    申请日：1989-01-10

    Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  MARKO, Istvan, E. ,  SHARPLESS, K., Barry

    IPC: C07C29/48

    CPC classification number: C07C31/20 ,  C07B2200/07 ,  C07C29/48 ,  C07C33/26 ,  C07C35/21 ,  C07C67/31 ,  C07C2601/14 ,  C07C2601/18 ,  C07D453/04 ,  C07C69/734 ,  C07C31/276 ,  C07C31/272 ,  C07C31/42 ,  C07C35/17 ,  C07C33/46

    Abstract: An osmium-catalyzed method of addition to an olefin. In the method of asymmetric dihydroxylation of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, an amine oxide, an osmium-containing compound and, optionally a tetraalkyl ammonium compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric oxyamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, a metallochloramine derivative, an osmium-containing compound and, optionally, a tetraalkyl ammonium compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric diamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, a metallochloramine derivative, an amine and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In one embodiment, an olefin, a chiral ligand which is a dihydroquinidine derivative or a dihydroquinine derivative, acetone, water, N-methyl morpholine N-oxide and osmium tetroxide are combined to effect asymmetric dihydroxylation of the olefin.

    Abstract translation: 一种加入烯烃的锇催化方法。 在本发明的不对称二羟基化方法中，合并烯烃，手性配体，有机溶剂，水，氧化胺，含锇化合物和任选的四烷基铵化合物。 在本发明的不对称氧化法的方法中，合并烯烃，手性配体，有机溶剂，水，金属氯胺衍生物，含锇化合物和任选的四烷基铵化合物。 在本发明的不对称二氨基化方法中，合并烯烃，手性配体，有机溶剂，金属氯胺衍生物，胺和含锇化合物。 在一个实施方案中，将烯烃，二氢奎尼丁衍生物或二氢喹啉衍生物的手性配体，丙酮，水，N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物和四氧化锇组合以实现烯烃的不对称二羟基化。

    UNSATURATED POLYANHYDRIDES
    106.
    发明申请
    UNSATURATED POLYANHYDRIDES 审中-公开
    不饱和聚异氰酸酯

    公开(公告)号：WO1989001006A1

    公开(公告)日：1989-02-09

    申请号：PCT/US1988002570

    申请日：1988-07-28

    Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  DOMB, Abraham, J. ,  LANGER, Robert, S.

    IPC: C08G67/04

    CPC classification number: C08G67/04 ,  A61K9/2031 ,  A61L24/0042 ,  A61L24/046 ,  A61L2430/02 ,  C08L73/02

    Abstract: A class of unsaturated polyanhydrides having double bonds available for secondary polymerization is disclosed. A crosslinked material having improved or different physical and mechanical properties can be prepared from these polyanhydrides, via secondary polymerization. The synthesis and characteristics of one unsaturated polyanhydride based on fumaric acid and its copolymers with aliphatic and aromatic diacids, prepared by either the melt-polycondensation method or by solution polymerization, is described in detail. These polymers are well suited for use in controlled release drug delivery devices. The polymers can also be used as a bioerodible bone cement where the polymer is first cast as a solution onto a bone fracture and then crosslinked by radiation or radical polymerization to yield a strong, adhesive material.

    LEWIS BASE ADDUCTS OF DECABORANE FOR FORMING NEW PRECERAMIC POLYMERS, USING AS BINDERS, FORMING SHAPED BODIES AND FORMING FIBERS
    107.
    发明申请
    LEWIS BASE ADDUCTS OF DECABORANE FOR FORMING NEW PRECERAMIC POLYMERS, USING AS BINDERS, FORMING SHAPED BODIES AND FORMING FIBERS 审中-公开
    用于形成新型先导聚合物的复合材料的LEWIS基础添加剂，使用粘合剂，成型体和成形纤维

    公开(公告)号：WO1988010280A1

    公开(公告)日：1988-12-29

    申请号：PCT/US1988002086

    申请日：1988-06-17

    Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  DIETMAR, Seyferth ,  WILLIAM, Smith, Rees, Jr.

    IPC: C08G79/08

    CPC classification number: C04B35/6325 ,  C08G79/08

    Abstract: New soluble preceramic polymers formed by reacting B10H14-nRn, (where R is a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted lower aryl group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, and n is a number from zero to about six) with a diamine in an organic solvent are disclosed. Preferably the diamine has the formula R1R2N-R3-NR4R5 where R1, R2, R4 and R5 are H, a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower aryl group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, or a di- or triorganosilyl. R3 is a lower alkylene group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group having from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenylene group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted lower arylene group having from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, a subsitituted or unsubstituted group, a heteroatom-containing cycloalkylene group, a heteroatom-containing alkenylene group, or a heteroatom-containing arylene group. A method of using Lewis base adducts of decarborane of the formula B10H12-nRn.2L, where R and n are as defined above and L is any neutral Lewis base, can be used as binders for ceramic powders is also disclosed. And a method of using these Lewis base adducts as precursors in forming shaped ceramic bodies is also described.

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