Abstract:
The invention pertains to a process for preparing an activated catalyst, to the activated catalyst composition and the use thereof in the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as isomerisation. The catalyst composition comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a hydrocarbon-substituted aluminium compound on an alumina carrier is activated by contacting it with an inert gas in the absence of hydrogen at a temperature above 400°C, wherein at least when the hydrocarbon-susbtituted aluminium compound is a non-halide hydrocarbon-substituted aluminium compound, the catalyst composition is contacted with a halogen-containing gas either prior to the treatment with the inert gas or during the treatment with the inert gas, and subsequently cooling down the activated catalyst to ambient temperature in an inert gas optionally containing hydrogen or containing, at a temperature below 400°C, a halogen-containing gas; or if a halogen-containing gas is present during the treatment with the inert gas, alternatively cooling down in a mixture of an inert gas, a halogen-containing gas, and, optionally, hydrogen.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with improved attrition resistance. According to this preparation process, an aqueous slurry comprising a zeolite, clay, and poly aluminum chloride is spray-dried and subsequently calcined, the poly aluminum chloride having the formula [Al2(OH)yCl6-y]x, wherein x is at least 1 and y is greater than 2 and smaller than 4.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising anionic clay, lanthanum (hydr)oxide carbonate, and cerium oxide. This composition can suitably be used in FCC for the reduction of NOx and/or SOx emissions, the reduction of the S and/or N-content in fuels, and as a metal trap. The composition can be prepared by forming a precipitate from a solution comprising a divalent metal salt, a trivalent metal salt, a lanthanum salt, and a cerium salt, calcining the precipitate at 200-800°C, and rehydrating the calcined precipitate in the presence of a carbonate source to form a composition comprising anionic clay, lanthanum (hydr)oxide carbonate, and cerium oxide.
Abstract:
The present invention pertains to cheaper process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. In this cheaper process an inexpensive quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are combined and aged to form a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable inexpensive quasi-crystalline boehmite precursors are aluminium trihydrate and thermally treated forms thereof and inorganic aluminium salts. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of rare earth metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, and phosphorus.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a bulk catalyst composition comprising metal oxidic particles comprising one or more Group VIII metals and two or more Group VIB metals, which bulk catalyst composition comprises first metal oxidic particles comprising one or more first Group VIII metals and one or more first Group VIB metals and separately prepared second metal oxidic particles comprising one or more second Group VIII metals and one or more second Group VIB metals, wherein the composition of Group VIB and Group VIII metals in the first and second metal oxidic particles are different, wherein the first and second oxidic bulk particles-are separately shaped to separate first and second shaped bulk catalyst particles, which are combined, preferably into a homogeneous blend, to form the bulk catalyst composition. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the bulk catalyst composition and to hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed using the bulk catalyst composition.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a shaped bulk catalyst comprising metal oxide particles comprising one or more Group VlIl metals and two or more Group VIB metals which process comprises the steps of providing first metal oxidic particles comprising one or more first Group VIII metals and one or more first Group VIB metals, providing separately prepared second metal oxidic particles comprising one or more second Group VIII metals and one or more second Group VIB metals, wherein the composition of Group VIB and Group VIII metals in the first and second metal oxidic particles are different, combining the first and second metal oxidic particles before and/or during shaping and shaping the combined first and second metal oxide particles to form a shaped bulk catalyst. The invention further relates to the shaped bulk catalyst obtainable with the process In sulphided or unsulphided form and the use thereof in hydroprocessing.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a bulk catalyst comprising at least 60 wt% metal oxidic particles comprising one or more Group VIII metals and Group VIB metal molybdenum, comprising less than 10 mole % of a second Group VIB metal (relative to the total amount of Group VIB metals) and comprising a Group V metal in an amount less than 10 mole % (relative to the total of the Group VIB metals), which bulk catalyst has been calcined at a temperature below a temperature where the hexagonal metastable crystal structure changes to an inactive crystalline structure, preferably below 450 °C and which bulk catalyst has a metastable hexagonal phase characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern having reflections at 33-35 and 58-61°2θ. Preferably, the main reflections have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 2.5. The invention further relates to a process for the manufacture of the bulk catalyst, to the corresponding sulphided bulk catalyst and to the use of said catalyst or sulphided catalyst in the hydroprocessing, in particular the hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation, of a hydrocarbon feedstock.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of a metal-containing composition, which process comprises the steps of (a) calcining a physical mixture of an anionic clay and a metal additive at a temperature between 200 and 800°C, and (b) rehydrating the calcined product of step a). This process allows the use of insoluble metal additives. It does not require the use of soluble metal additives, which has economic and environmental advantages.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising anionic clay, lanthanum (hydr)oxide carbonate, and cerium oxide. This composition can suitably be used in FCC for the reduction of NOx and/or SOx emissions, the reduction of the S and/or N-content in fuels, and as a metal trap. The composition can be prepared by forming a precipitate from a solution comprising a divalent metal salt, a trivalent metal salt, a lanthanum salt, and a cerium salt, calcining the precipitate at 200-800°C, and rehydrating the calcined precipitate in the presence of a carbonate source to form a composition comprising anionic clay, lanthanum (hydr)oxide carbonate, and cerium oxide.
Abstract:
Process for upgrading a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising the hydrocarbon feed having a boiling range above 350°C and solid particles comprising a rehydratable material, (b) thermally treating said slurry at a temperature in the range of 250 to 550°C, (c) optionally separating the thermally treated slurry into ( I) a lower boiling fraction and (ii) a higher boiling fraction containing the solid particles and formed coke, if any, and (d) separating the solid particles and formed coke, if any, from the thermally treated slurry resulting from step b) or the higher boiling fraction of step c).