Abstract:
An optoelectrical device, which may be a luminaire or a photovoltaic concentrator, has a transparent cover plate. A target with an optoelectrical transducer that produces waste heat in operation is mounted at an inside face of the transparent cover plate. A primary mirror reflects light between being concentrated on the target and passing generally collimated through the cover plate. A heat spreader is in thermal contact with the target. The heat spreader has heat conductors that thermally connect the target with the inside surface of the cover plate. The heat conductors may be arms extending radially outwards, and may be straight, zigzag, or branching. An array of targets may be mounted on a common cover plate, and their heat spreaders may be continuous from target to target.
Abstract:
The invention is a method and system for reducing the temperature of sensor elements (16) from ambient temperature and quickly stabilizing it at a cryogenic temperature. The cooling of the sensor elements using a J-T cooling system (21) takes place in two distinct stages: initially the temperature drops very rapidly and nearly linearly to a few degrees above the boiling point then the rate of cooling slows and it takes on the order of two or three times as much time to cool the sensor the final few degrees. The rapid cooling stage of the sensor is accompanied by rapid evaporation of the cryogenic liquid. To achieve a stabile temperature however the system must be maintained at the boiling point. The invention achieves its goal by causing an increase in the pressure surrounding the sensor by closing valve (32) after the initial temperature drop to a few degrees above the boiling point of the refrigerant in response to a signal from temperature diode (34) , thereby raising the boiling point of the cryogenic fluid and thus decreasing the time it takes to reach a stable operating temperature.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a photodetecting device protected from contamination by organic materials secreted from a living matter in the case that a photodetector is used for investigating characteristics of the living matter, and which easily blocks the influence of an external magnetic field. The photodetecting device includes a protection window formed in the front side facing a measured object, and a magnetic shielding tube providing a space for installing components of the photodetecting device such as a variable shutter, movable lens, protection window, and incidence window. Additionally, the photodetecting device according to the present invention includes a drive means enabling remote control of photodetector movement, and provides an advantage that a tester may measure various points of a specimen more easily.
Abstract:
A radiation attenuation device (1), particularly for measuring the radiations themselves. The device consists of at least two integrating spheres (3a, 4a) reciprocally connected by means of respective communication ports (12a, 13) preferably of variable dimensions; one of the integrating spheres is an input integrating sphere (3a) presenting at least one input opening (7), also preferably of variable dimensions, for inputting an incident radiation beam in the sphere (3a), and another one of the integrating spheres is an output integrating sphere (4a) presenting at least one output opening (10, 11) to allow the output of the appropriately attenuated incident radiation and where appropriate measuring instruments can be housed.
Abstract:
A portable light source comprises a lamp (10) contained in a lamp box (42), which is housed in a case (41) to significantly reduce the influences of ambient temperature. In other words, the deuterium lamp (10), likely to be influenced by temperature, is enclosed in a double shield structure including the lamp box (42) and the case (41). In the case (41), cooling fins (83) expand between the lamp box (42) on the front and a cooling fan (43) on the back to produce a cooling stream along the cooling fins (83), and the cooling fan (43) quickly discharges the cooling air introduced in the case (41). Therefore, the efficiency of air circulation in the case (41) increases, and the lamp output can stabilize in a shorter warm-up.
Abstract:
A photodetector for detecting photo intensity through a liquid comprises a body (15), which defines a chamber (17) that is open at one end, a photosensor (14) mounted to the body and arranged to sense light entering the chamber (17) through its open end, a layer of air being disposed in the chamber between the photosensor and the open end of the chamber. The layer of air forms a barrier between the photosensor (14) and the liquid and thus slime and other matter is unable to build up in front of the photosensor.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Messsondenkopf (1) mit einem Gehäuse (2), das einen Aufnahmeraum (3) und wenigstens einen mit diesem fluidverbundenen Kühlfluidzuführkanal (4) definiert, und zumindest einem in dem Aufnahmeraum (3) aufgenommenen oder aufnehmbaren Sensor (5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein den Aufnahmeraum (3) umgebender Teilbereich (14) des Gehäuses (2) eine Porosität aufweist, die eine Vielzahl von Kühlfluiddurchtrittsöffnungen (15) definiert.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Körpers mit zueinander ausgerichteten Bauelementen. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Substrat (210) mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Substratbereich (201, 202) bereitgestellt. In dem ersten Substratbereich wird ein erstes Bauelement (203) bereitgestellt. In dem ersten oder in dem zweiten Substratbereich (201, 202 wird ein zweites Bauelement (204, 304) bereitgestellt. Das Substrat (210) wird entlang zumindest einer Knickkante (205) geknickt, um einen dreidimensionalen Körper zu erhalten. Erfindungsgemäß werden durch das Knicken das erste Bauelement (203) und das zweite Bauelement (204, 304) zueinander ausgerichtet, um einen Kommunikationspfad (206) zwischen denselben (203; 204, 304) bereitzustellen.
Abstract:
The invention is related to a liquid nitrogen and liquid helium flow measurement chamber with optical window, developed in order to carry out measurements at low and high temperatures, compatible with measurement systems such as optical, magneto-optical, magneto-transport, microwave and magneto-caloric effect. The system enables to carry out measurements at high temperatures by means of the heater (6) that has been placed inside the nonmagnetic stainless steel holder (7) and besides this, it also enables to carry out measurements at low temperatures using liquid nitrogen and liquid helium by means of the liquid nitrogen and liquid helium transfer pipes (5). The system can be vacuumed up to ~10"6 mbar values by means of the vacuum connection pipe (14) and the vacuum cover (4) with optical window, during low temperature measurements. All of the connections that are used from the sample measurement location (8) to the contact connection station (9) for transport measurements, are controlled by means of a 19 pin connector (11).